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1 introduction to linux os
1.
© Copyright 2012
Hidaya Trust (Pakistan) ● A Non-Profit Organization ● www.hidayatrust.org / www,histpk.org Hidaya Institute of Science & Technology www.histpk.org A Division of Hidaya Trust, Pakistan
2.
© Copyright 2012
Hidaya Trust (Pakistan) ● A Non-Profit Organization ● www.hidayatrust.org / www,histpk.org Introduction to Linux OS
3.
© Copyright 2012
Hidaya Trust (Pakistan) ● A Non-Profit Organization ● www.hidayatrust.org / www,histpk.org An operating system (OS) is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. The operating system is a vital component of the system software in a computer system. Application programs usually require an operating system to function. OS is the interface between hardware and user .All computers need an OS OSes are used to run applications and control hardware. Popular OSes include Windows, Linux, Mac OSX
4.
© Copyright 2012
Hidaya Trust (Pakistan) ● A Non-Profit Organization ● www.hidayatrust.org / www,histpk.org Linux is a free open-source operating system based on Unix. Linux was originally created by Linus Torvalds with the assistance of developers from around the globe. Linux is free to download, edit and distribute. Linux is a very powerful operating system and it is gradually becoming popular throughout the world. Linux is a Unix-like computer operating system assembled under the model of free and open source software development and distribution Linux was originally developed as a free operating system
5.
© Copyright 2012
Hidaya Trust (Pakistan) ● A Non-Profit Organization ● www.hidayatrust.org / www,histpk.org the underlying source code may be used, modified, and distributed—commercially or non-commercially—by anyone under licenses such as the GNU General Public License. Typically Linux is packaged in a format known as a Linux distribution for desktop and server use
6.
© Copyright 2012
Hidaya Trust (Pakistan) ● A Non-Profit Organization ● www.hidayatrust.org / www,histpk.org Before Linux In 80’s, Microsoft’s DOS was the dominated OS for PC Apple MAC is better, but expensive UNIX is much better, but much much expensive. Only for minicomputer for commercial applications People was looking for a UNIX based system, which is cheaper and can run on PC Both DOS, MAC and UNIX are proprietary, i.e., the source code of their kernel is protected
7.
© Copyright 2012
Hidaya Trust (Pakistan) ● A Non-Profit Organization ● www.hidayatrust.org / www,histpk.org GNU project Established in 1984 by Richard Stallman, who believes that software should be free from restrictions against copying or modification in order to make better and efficient computer programs GNU is a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix” Aim at developing a complete Unix-like operating system which is free for copying and modification Companies make their money by maintaining and distributing the software,
8.
© Copyright 2012
Hidaya Trust (Pakistan) ● A Non-Profit Organization ● www.hidayatrust.org / www,histpk.org e.g. optimally packaging the software with different tools (Redhat, Slackware, Mandrake, SuSE, etc) 1985, Stallman started the Free Software Foundation and wrote the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL) in 1989. A famous professor Andrew Tanenbaum developed Minix, a simplified version of UNIX that runs on PC Minix was for class teaching only. No intention for commercial use In Sept 1991, Linus Torvalds, a student of Computer Science at the University of Helsinki,
9.
© Copyright 2012
Hidaya Trust (Pakistan) ● A Non-Profit Organization ● www.hidayatrust.org / www,histpk.org developed the preliminary kernel of Linux, known as Linux version 0.01 It was put to the Internet and received enormous response from worldwide software developers By March 1992 came version 0.95….. x-windows It was put to the Internet and received enormous response from worldwide software developers By March 1992 came version 0.95….. x-windows
10.
© Copyright 2012
Hidaya Trust (Pakistan) ● A Non-Profit Organization ● www.hidayatrust.org / www,histpk.org November 1992 SUSE , German version August 1993 Debian & slackware March 1994 kernel version 1.0 Oct 1994 Red hat & caldera March 1996 kernel version 2.0 KDE 1998 Jan 1999 kernel version 2.2 2000 IBM invest 1 Billion$ Jan 2001 kernel version 2.4
11.
© Copyright 2012
Hidaya Trust (Pakistan) ● A Non-Profit Organization ● www.hidayatrust.org / www,histpk.org Open Office 2002 Late 2003 Fedora December 2003 kernel version 2.6 October 2004 Ubuntu July 2011 kernel version 3.0
12.
© Copyright 2012
Hidaya Trust (Pakistan) ● A Non-Profit Organization ● www.hidayatrust.org / www,histpk.org Linux Pros and Cons Advantages over Windows It's almost free to relatively inexpensive. Source code is included. Bugs are fixed quickly and help is readily available through the vast support in Internet. Linux is more stable than Windows. Linux is truly multi-user and multi-tasking
13.
© Copyright 2012
Hidaya Trust (Pakistan) ● A Non-Profit Organization ● www.hidayatrust.org / www,histpk.org multiuser: OS that can simultaneously serve a number of users. multitasking: OS that can simultaneously execute a number of programs. Linux runs on equipment that other operating systems consider too underpowered, e.g. 386 systems, PDA, etc Disadvantages compared with Windows Isn't as popular as Windows.Less commercial company is responsible for Linux.Linux is relatively hard to learn and use as compared to Windows
14.
© Copyright 2012
Hidaya Trust (Pakistan) ● A Non-Profit Organization ● www.hidayatrust.org / www,histpk.org Low cost: There is no need to spend time and huge amount money to obtain licenses since Linux and much of it’s software come with the GNU General Public License. There is no need to worry about any software's that you use in Linux. Stability: Linux has high stability compared with other operating systems. There is no need to reboot the Linux system to maintain performance levels.
15.
© Copyright 2012
Hidaya Trust (Pakistan) ● A Non-Profit Organization ● www.hidayatrust.org / www,histpk.org Rarely it freeze up or slow down. It has a continuous up- times of hundreds of days or more Performance: Linux provides high performance on various networks. It has the ability to handle large numbers of users simultaneously. Flexibility: Linux is very flexible. Linux can be used for high performance server applications, desktop applications, and embedded systems.
16.
© Copyright 2012
Hidaya Trust (Pakistan) ● A Non-Profit Organization ● www.hidayatrust.org / www,histpk.org You can install only the needed components for a particular use. Compatibility: It runs all common Unix software packages and can process all common file formats. Wider Choice: There is a large number of Linux distributions which gives you a wider choice. Each organization develop and support different distribution. You can pick the one you like best; the core function's are the same
17.
© Copyright 2012
Hidaya Trust (Pakistan) ● A Non-Profit Organization ● www.hidayatrust.org / www,histpk.org Fast and easy installation: Linux distributions come with user-friendly installation. Multitasking & Multiuser: Linux is a multitasking operating system. It can handle many things at the same time.It is Also a true multiuser OS Security: Linux is one of the most secure operating systems. File ownership and permissions make linux more secure.
18.
© Copyright 2012
Hidaya Trust (Pakistan) ● A Non-Profit Organization ● www.hidayatrust.org / www,histpk.org Open source: Linux is an Open source operating systems. You can easily get the source code for linux and edit it to develop your personal operating system.
19.
© Copyright 2012
Hidaya Trust (Pakistan) ● A Non-Profit Organization ● www.hidayatrust.org / www,histpk.org Today, Linux is widely used for both basic home and office uses. It is the main operating system used for high performance business and in web servers. Linux has made a high impact in this world. Today, Linux systems are used in every domain, from embedded systems to supercomputers
20.
© Copyright 2012
Hidaya Trust (Pakistan) ● A Non-Profit Organization ● www.hidayatrust.org / www,histpk.org No threat of viruses Linux systems are extremely stable Linux is Free Linux comes with most of the required software pre-installed Linux never gets slow Linux does not need defragmentation Linux can even run on oldest hardware Adding more software is a matter of a few clicks Most Windows-only apps have their either their native version or alternatives for Linux
21.
© Copyright 2012
Hidaya Trust (Pakistan) ● A Non-Profit Organization ● www.hidayatrust.org / www,histpk.org Linux distributions Today there are hundreds of different distributions available popular Linux distributions include
22.
© Copyright 2012
Hidaya Trust (Pakistan) ● A Non-Profit Organization ● www.hidayatrust.org / www,histpk.org
23.
© Copyright 2012
Hidaya Trust (Pakistan) ● A Non-Profit Organization ● www.hidayatrust.org / www,histpk.org
24.
© Copyright 2012
Hidaya Trust (Pakistan) ● A Non-Profit Organization ● www.hidayatrust.org / www,histpk.org
25.
© Copyright 2012
Hidaya Trust (Pakistan) ● A Non-Profit Organization ● www.hidayatrust.org / www,histpk.org
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