1. Macromolecules

2. What is a molecule?
A group of two or more
atoms held together by
covalent bonds
Ex:
H2O, Glucose, CH3, Cy
clohexane
What is a
macromolecule?
A very large molecule
made up of repeating
molecules or subunits
(monomers) linked
(polymerized) together
to make a polymer.

3. What are the 4 major macromolecules that make up
all cells?
Carbohydrates Lipids
Proteins Nucleic
Acids

4. Carbohydrates - sugars
Carbohydrates are made up of monomers call
monosaccharide (one sugar)
carbo-: sounds like carbon
-hydrate: means something combined with
water
 General formula for carbohydrates: CnH2nOn

5. Carbohydrates - sugars
Carbohydrates are made by a dehydration reaction
1 monosaccharide + 1 monosaccharide  1
disaccharide + 1 H2O

6. Polysaccharide sugars- made of 100’s to
1000’s of glucose (a type of monosaccharide)
monomer units linked by dehydration
reactions
ex: starch
Function of a carbohydrate is usually to be an
energy source for cells

7. Lipids - Fats
Lipids are made of a monomer of 1 glycerol
molecule and 3 fatty acids (triglyceride)
Not Really a Polymer!!

8. Proteins
 Proteins are made of a monomer of amino acids
 The R-group makes each amino acid different

9. Proteins
 Amino acids are linked together by a dehydration reaction
 A long chain of amino acids linked together is called a
polypeptide chain or polypeptide

10. Proteins
 When a polypeptide chain folds together it makes
protein.
 Proteins perform the cells functions and gives a
cell structure

11. Nucleic Acids – DNA/RNA
 Nucleic acids are made of monomers called
nucleotides
 Nucleotides link together by dehydration reactions

12. Nucleic Acids – DNA/RNA
 Each Nucleotide has 3 main parts