1. CELL RESPIRATION

2. WARM UP
• What is photosynthesis?
• What is general equation for photosynthesis?
• What are the 2 steps or phases of photosynthesis?
• What step is light independent?
• Where do these steps occur?
• What is produced in each step?

3. Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is a process that uses sugar to make
chemical energy in the form of ATP
Why Care?
• Needed in Exercise
• Needed to make bread, beer, and rootbeer
• Cell Respiration occurs in all cells!
• Including plant cells!
• General Equation for Cell Respiration

4. Where does Cell Respiration Happen?

5. General Steps of Cell Respiration
1. Glycolysis
2. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDC)
3. Citric Acid Cycle
4. Oxidative Phosphorylation or Electron Transport Chain

6. Glycolysis
• Glycolysis is the breaking of sugar or glucose to produce
ATP and NADH
• Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require
oxygen.
• 2 Phases of Glycolysis
• Preparatory Phase
• Energy Pay Off Phase

7. Glycolysis – Preparatory Phase
• Preparatory Phase – 2 ATP molecules get used up to
break glucose into two G3P molecules.

8. Glycolysis – Energy Pay-off Phase
• Energy Pay-off Phase – Each G3P molecule helps
produce 1 NADH and 2 ATP. G3P is modified into
pyruvate

9. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex
• The PDC prepares pyruvate to enter the citric acid cycle
by changing pyruvate into Acetyl CoA
• The PDC occurs in the cytoplasm.

10. Citric Acid Cycle aka Krebs Cycle
• The citric acid cycle takes one Acetyl CoA molecule to
make 1 ATP, 3 NADH and 1FADH2.
• The citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the
mitochondria

11. Oxidative Phosphorylation aka Electron
Transport Chain
• Oxidative phosphorylation takes all the electron carriers
(NADH and FADH2) made in the previous steps to make
ATP
• Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the inner
mitochondrial membrane

12. Oxidative Phosphorylation aka Electron
Transport Chain
• See White Board for Diagram
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGjCm566-MY

13. Fermentation
• Fermentation occurs when not all cells get enough
oxygen
• 2 Types of Fermentation
1. Lactic Acid
2. Alcohol Fermentation

14. Fermentation – Lactic Acid
Lactic acid fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of cells.

15. Fermentation – Alcohol
Alcohol fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of some
bacteria and yeasts that live in very oxygen limited areas

16. Fermentation
• The main difference between alcohol and lactic acid
fermentation is the byproduct.
• Lactic Acid Fermentation produces lactate
• Alcohol Fermentation produces ethanol