4. United Nations Conference on Environment & Development
Rio de Janerio, Brazil, 3 to 14 June 1992
Sustainability
Millennium Development Goals
“ 社会发 展”概念的演变 沿
革
发展中国家:重点逐渐向可持续发展方向转移
5. 这些努力的结果不尽人意:
全球范围内的贫富差别没有缩小,而在加大
“The global economy has grown sevenfold
since 1950. Meanwhile, the disparity in per
capita gross domestic product between the
20 richest and 20 poorest nations more
than doubled between 1960 and 1995.
Of all high-income nations, the United
States has the most unequal distribution of
income, with over 30 percent of income in
the hands of the richest 10 percent and only
1.8 percent going to the poorest 10
percent.”
Source: Worldwide Institute
Rich-Poor Gap Growing, Vital Signs 2003, pp. 88-89.
6. 这些努力的结果不尽人意:
我们从来没有如此接近环境生态的崩溃
“In 1992, governments at the Rio Earth Summit made a historic commitment to
sustainable development—an economic system that promotes the health of both
people and ecosystems. Twenty years and several summits later, human civilization
has never been closer to ecological collapse, a third of humanity lives in poverty,
and another 2 billion people are projected to join the human race over the next 40
years.”
Source: Worldwide Institute
State of the World 2012
7. 正在形成的共识:
拓宽社会发展的准则,确立精神层面的重要意义
.
“Until both the material and the spiritual needs and aspirations of individuals are acknowledged,
development efforts will largely continue to fail.
“….material advancement is properly understood not as an end in itself, but rather as a vehicle for
moral, intellectual and social progress. Recognition of the inseparable connection between the
material and spiritual aspects of life therefore gives rise to a fundamentally different notion
of development.
Baha’i International Community, United Nations, Comments on the Draft Declaration and Draft Programme of Action for Social
Development , 22 August, 1994, New York.
12. 孔子的大同思想
What is the vision of development?
What are the goals of development?
大同。”
Ta T’ungShu, The One World Philosophy of Kang You Wei, Translated by LaurenceThompson,
George Allen and Unwin, 1958, p. 49. Kang You Wei
(1858-1927)
爲
有
康
Confucius
孔子
551 - 479 BC
《礼记 . 礼运》“大道之行也,天下为
公。选贤与能,讲信修睦,故人不独亲
其亲,不独子其子,使老有所终,壮有
所用,少有所长,鳏寡孤独废疾者,皆
有所养。男有分,女有归。货恶其弃于
地也 ,不必藏于己;力恶其不出于身
也,不必为己。是故谋闭而不兴,盗窃
乱贼而不作,故外户而不闭,是谓
15. The process relates the accomplishment of the well-being of society to the spiritual
health of the individual.
自天子以至于庶人,壹是皆以修身为本
个人对万物本质的独立探索是内在与外在世界平衡发展的平衡支点
大学: 内在世界和外在世界的平衡发 展