Cindy Kroon - Mapping the Extractive Industries in Ghana
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Cindy Kroon - Mapping the Extractive Industries in Ghana
- 1. Mapping the Extractive Industries in Ghana Publish What You Pay Africa Regional Meeting Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo May 25, 2011
- 2. Outline Introduction and context Overview of the mapping platform Specific information about each dataset Current status Future directions Questions and feedback
- 4. Customize map to topic and area of interest
- 5. Easier to interpret the links between different types of informationIncreasingly used to explore and understand the intersection of Natural resource use and management Governance and transparency Development More common for forestry, water resources, wildlife and others 1. Introduction and context
- 6. Extractive Industries Map of Ghana 2. Overview of the mapping platform Pilot map of extractive industries sector and development indicators in Ghana Freely accessible via internet Will enable both access and interpretation Especially targeted to activists and policy-makers
- 7. Mapped Data 2. Overview of the mapping platform -Mineral, oil and gas resources -Active mines, oil and gas wells -Government revenues -Socioeconomic indicators -Donor-funded projects
- 8. 1. Introduction and context Benefits of Interactive Online Maps Central place to collect information from multiple sources Interactive Map EITI Reports Other Sources Ghana EPA GNPC Website Show: In: Customize map to topic and area of interest X BrongAhafo X Western X Mining revenue Greater Accra Gold deposits X Ashanti Unemployment Malnutrition … …
- 10. 2. Overview of the mapping platform Production and Population Density Côte d’Ivoire Ghana
- 11. 2. Overview of the mapping platform Revenue, deposits and infant mortality Ghana Côte d’Ivoire
- 12. 2. Overview of the mapping platform Sales, revenue and unemployment Côte d’Ivoire Ghana
- 13. Oil and gas data Oil blocks Ownership shares of private companies and GNPC Petroleum agreement links Exploration, discovery and production status Commercial oil fields Reported oil lifts (Saltpond and Jubilee fields) GNPC sales from Jubilee field 3. Information about the data used
- 14. 3. Information about the data used Jubilee Oil Field
- 15. 3. Information about the data used Jubilee Oil Field
- 16. Mining data 3. Information about the data used EITI Report data on industrial mining Company payments Government receipts Revenues received by districts Links to company websites
- 17. Mining data Gold production Mineral deposit locations Environmental ratings Environmental monitoring and reporting Waste management Corporate responsibility 3. Information about the data used
- 18. 3. Information about the data used Central Region Ashanti Region Obuasi Mine Western Region Yes
- 19. Socioeconomic and donor data Development and socioeconomic indicators Unemployment (region) Malnutrition (region) Infant mortality (region Wealth distributions (region) Population and population density (district) Donor-funded projects All World Bank projects IFC oil, gas and mining projects 3. Information about the data used
- 20. 3. Information about the data used Central Region Ashanti Region Obuasi Mine Western Region
- 21. Additional Data to Add Add more data: Mining concessions More district-level socioeconomic indicators (poverty, unemployment, etc) Data from Ghana’s 2010 Census Government oil revenues and disbursements District expenditures of revenues Civil society organization locations Other donor projects (Norway, Great Britain, etc.) Infrastructure Small-scale mining 5. Future Directions
- 22. Current Status of Project Beta testing site launched in the last 2 weeks Currently seeking feedback and suggestions Improve the interface based on feedback Explore other technology options Reducing page load time for slower connections SMS input and feedback Mobile access or applications Direct integration with agency data portals Assessing options for Local management and maintenance Expansion to other countries Integration and cooperation with other mapping efforts in the extractive industries 4. Current status
- 24. Questions and feedback Is this a useful format? What would you use it for? What other data would you like to be able to display at the same time? What other data do you consider relevant to mining, oil and gas? What other data would you like to have pop up when you click on an item? Are there other links that should be provided through the map (like the links to company websites)? What additional media would be most effective for communicating this information (CD, booklet..)? What other organizations would be interested in using or contributing data to this map? What other community impacts or benefits of extractive industries should be included?
- 25. Thank you for your time For more information, contact:Michael Jarvis (mjarvis@worldbank.org) Cindy Kroon (ckroon@worldbank.org) Jim Duncan (jduncan@worldbank.org)
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Use of maps to understand extractive industries is new and growingAllows users to choose the specific area of interest as well as the features they want to showCan interact with data through clicking, colors and size“How many people have used Google Earth/Maps?” “Why is it interesting to use and play with? It shows us places we know, our towns, fields, forests, in relation to what’s around us. Things we can see on the satellite picture, but also information that we can add or overlay, like where the cattle are grazed or where the road goes (or used to go), or where the wells are. This power to see maps of these places we know, and to explore and manipulate these maps, is a valuable resource that can enable people to better understand their surroundings and act on that understanding.”
- Provides everyone access to the data, the ability to visualize that data, and the information needed to demand better accountability from companies and government in the use of mineral and oil wealth.
- Different sources – will get back to that later
- Intuitive and easy to useAllows a way to interpret the data, as well as access to the data
- This is an example of what it will look like, using certain data sets. Lets analyze the information we see and take a closer look
- Focus on southern Ghana (you can see a bit of the border with Ivory Coast on the left).Green = oil blocks (exploration licenses), in Ghana these are mostly off shore, in the sea. 12 in total, with one that is half onshore, half off shore. The grey dots on the oil blocks represent oil production (of all companies active there, data found through press release GNPC)There are two places where oil production is taking place – in one of them, there are donor funded projects. If you would move your mouse towards the spot, the project details will pop up.The orange dots display where gold is being produced, and the size of the dot reflects how much gold is produced. You can see that in this area gold is produced mostly in areas where relatively few people live.The white dots are district capitals.The Blue color tell us something about the population density. The darker blue the area, the higher the number of people that live there per square kilometer. We can see that the blue is darker along the coastal areas, compared to the inland. This is interesting, because the people living along the coast will feel the effects of offshore oil exploration and exploitation the most. For example, the people that live along the coastal areas will see their environments changing the most. There will be foreign workers, or petroleum workers that will need accommodation in their villages, etc. Environmental risk is also the highest along the coast, where the most people live.The already most crowded areas are also the ones that will face a large influx of people trying to find work in the petroleum industry as it is closest to the oil blocks. It is also a good opportunity for policy makers to educate people about the opportunities, benefits and disadvantages of oil exploration/exploitation.
- ADD MINE LOCATION HEREThis is the same map with different layers of data displayed. The oil blocks, The yellow dots are gold deposits, not gold mines, but gold deposits. It’s where we know that gold is under the ground, whether it is in commercially mineable quantities, or not. The dark grey dots are bauxite depositsThe light grey dots that are blue in the middle are where the district capitals are.We can see that there are quite some cities close to the coast. [ COMMENT ON RELATION BETWEEN MINE LOCATION AND CITY LOCATION] [In mining areas, the districts tend to be larger and their capitals more spread out, when compared to the districts and capitals near the coast. This suggests that the way resource extraction off the coast will affect districts may be different from the experience of resource extraction in mining districts.]?The areas colored in shades of red show infant mortality (per 1000 births). The lighter the red, the more children die. The red dot represents the district mining revenues (in Cedis). The bigger the dot, the larger the revenues. We can see that at least in the region with the large red dot, meaning large mining revenues, has a relatively high infant mortality rate. And that areas where there are no mines (in the south east) have relatively low infant mortality rates.
- [what is the grey/white dot?][World Bank projects, when they appear to have a darker border, that’s because there are many dots stacked on top of each other. Dots with a black center are IFC projects (only on the oil field)]The color of red now represents unemployment rates. The lighter the color of red, the more unemployment. The darker the red, the more people are employed. The orange dots are government mining receipts – the bigger the dot, the more revenues the government has collected from the mining sector.[make link between white dots & unemployment & government receipts][We can see the large number of mines making payments to the government in the Western Region, but the region has the highest unemployment rate that we can see in this map. We also see that there are some areas in the Western Region that have very few donor-funded aid projects active, despite the high unemployment.]
- For oil blocks, we also include links to the company websiteFor the Jubilee field, we also include estimated size of the deposit
- Sale is in GH Cedis.
- In addition to information on actual production, added information about the oil lease blocks themselvesExploration drilling, discovery, GNPC stake (10% in this case), operating company and moreCan use this slide to emphasize that this tool provides a way to interact and link to other useful information about the extractives.
- Report EITI data as a total from 2004 to 2008, but user can access the year-by-year data
- [Do the environmental ratings show up in the pop-up?][Not right now, I can’t figure out why but GeoIQ’s system won’t recognize them. Should be done for the pilot, I’ll keep you posted]
- [ are the small grey circles cities?][Yeah, it’s kind of confusing, I should probably just turn those off. The really faint blue circles are district capitals. The bolder grey circles are bank projects]This is the Obuasi mine. Tarkwa is to the south, and Bibiani is to the northwest.Unemployment is underneath/shades of red. The red circle size represents the total government receipts. If you move your mouse to the red circles, a box will pop up and show EITI data.The pop-up window shows the government receipts (200X_Tot_G), company payments (200X_Tot_C) and difference between the two (200X_Tot_D) for 2007 and 2008.[make link between the data][You can suggest questions we can ask next: Why are there fewer projects near the mines than in other areas of the same region? How does the district-level unemployment differ from the region-level, and do the mines contribute to better or worse unemployment rates? Why does the Obuasi mine have several projects nearby, and what are they? (User could click on the project point to get information about the projects).
- [the socio-economic data are from the world bank, too?][Indeed not, I added the appropriate logos]
- If you would move over the unemployment data, a pop-up shows up showing other socio-economic data in that area.The unemployment number is a percentage[make links between data] [Could ask how mining activity affects employment in surrounding areas. How much does it contribute to regional employment in direct and indirect employment? What are the district level patterns both in mining districts and in non-mining districts? Are any of the projects in this region focused on unemployment? Do the company websites say anything about working to reduce unemployment where they operate? Could use more questions from the previous map slide]
- What we do next will be determined by the interest and feedback we receive here. Our district boundaries are from 2000, and thus are outdated (there have been many changes since). We don’t have an official dataset yet due to delays in the Ghana Statistical Service, but we are aware of this and working on getting this new information as soon as possible.
- [expansion to other countries – need some language on difficulty collecting same type of data across countries][One major expectation of this project was to create a tool that can be easily expanded to other countries. One major challenge we face in doing this is that each country collects information differently, and the ability to access it can be very different between countries and even between agencies within a country. As much as possible, we have tried to use data that is standardized across countries, such as EITI reports and DHS socioeconomic data. But the hope is that we have built the framework, outlining what data is useful and should be included, and that we won’t have to do that same work in the next country, and so the effort required to scale this up will be less than the initial outlay. ]Last bullet is a lead-in to the next slide: “There are other groups working on complementary efforts in other countries for forestry and mining. These projects are similar in that they seek to provide users with intuitive and easy access to mining information. Our tool is different from these, however, in the inclusion of additional information beyond the location of leases or mines, and allows users to look at these data side-by-side with revenue history, socioeconomic indicators and donor activities. To give you a sense of the state of the field, I want to just show you briefly some of these other efforts, so you can see where we might fit in with these various efforts in the future.”
- Forest Transparency InitiativeDeveloped by World Resources Institute (Matthew Steil)West/Central AfricaProvide detailed site-level data on forest concessions like when it was filed, when it expires, status (active, pending), title holder and size, as well as other data such as whether a social/environmental study has been done, related documents, management status, species harvested, etc. Not all of this data is collected for every permit, but that is the larger vision. [like what?]Create incentives for companies to participate and volunteer information by encouraging companies to disclose what their practices are, to highlight their social and environmental responsibilities, and when some companies do this they put pressure on others to follow along because the details are visible to the public [how?]Promote transparency about legal logging, economic effects, financingHas not yet moved past the beta stageForest Atlas of the Democratic Republic of Congo Users can select the data they want to see, adjust the transparency, click on areas to get more information. It shows were there are logging concessions, mining concessions, active forestry operations, and what vegetation types or management status an area is in. This is geared towards understand the drivers of forest change. Users can download data except for the mining cadastre (see below). The mining and logging concession data include dates of start and end, company name and nationality, species harvested, concession size and status, and ownership shares. [what does it do?]From their own statement:“The Interactive Forest Atlas meets the needs of both the Congolese administration and non-governmental actors by providing a solution to:The dispersion of information across different government departments and organizations (private sector, civil society and other stakeholders in the forestry sector);Low quality, incomplete, and often publicly inaccessible forest information;Weak or absent communication, coordination, and information sharing between forest sector stakeholders.Produced jointly by MECNT and WRI, the Interactive Forest Atlas is freely and publicly available to any party working or interested in the DRC’s forest sector – affirming the governmnet’s commitment to transparent resource management.”Worth mentioning that in with this platform, the one thing you can’t download is the mining data (still guarded as proprietary)The strength of this approach is that WRI helped the Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation and Tourism (MECNT) develop an information management system, and that is directly accessed by the website, which removes a stage of updating and ensures the map is generally current.MoabiMoabi allows people to use cell phone technology as well as web-based tools to submit the locations of and details about activities that affect forests. The idea is that a person out in the field can take a picture of a logging or mining operation, tag it with the phone’s GPS or using a map interface, and submit it to the site. The community of users on the site then rates the quality of the information and determines what level of authority it is given on the site (see below). The idea is that data collection is done by users in the field, and the end result, if it reaches critical mass, will be a better dataset of where there are extractive activities affecting forest cover, and to use that to better understand the drivers of deforestation. They also want to use the site as a forum for people to discuss these activities and to better understand what is happening where.This site hasn’t fully launched yetCreated by the World Wildlife Fund Combines social networking with spatial tagging tools [what does that mean? How does it work?]to create constantly updated central mapping forum for 1) discussion among stakeholders, 2) tracking of forest projects and 3) collecting data for use in future modeling work. From their site: “It aims to increase civil society participation in REDD+. It helps track the future of forests in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), providing critical data for predicting deforestation. Moabi allows users to update and share spatial information on new projects proposed by companies, banks, governments, and other agencies. The result is a constantly updated map of projects ranging from new roads and hydroelectric dams to logging and mining concessions. The result is a constantly updated map of projects ranging from new roads, hydroelectric dams as well as forest, mining, and agricultural concessions.”Tiered user system to try to achieve some sort of peer review.