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Analyzing Hedge Fund Risks and Returns Using Quantitative Methods
1. Quantitative methods in Hedge Fund of Fund construction By Peter Urbani, CIO Infiniti-Capital
2. Weaknesses of models used to analyse Hedge Funds “ Models currently used to analyze hedge funds generally display a number of major weaknesses: The models do not pay sufficient attention to the asymmetry of hedge fund returns (hedge funds returns are not normally distributed). VaR type models therefore do not measure risk accurately. The models do not correct for the presence of widespread auto-correlation causing significant understatement of volatility of hedge fund returns. Benchmarks used are not often significant resulting in spurious comparisons. The models do not consider the impact of asymmetry on dependence measures such as correlation. The models do not consider the persistence of any alpha. The models generally seek to condense all of the relevant detail into one single standardized comparative number that is frequently meaningless. The weaknesses in existing models mean that the unique characteristics of hedge funds and risks are not captured.” Satyajit Das Author of Traders Guns and Money – p28, Wilmott Magazine August 2007
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4. Hedge Funds v.s. Hedged Funds A Perfectly ‘Hedged’ fund Fund Returns -ve Equity Returns +ve
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6. ‘ Perfect ’ vs. MSCI Daily TR Gross World Free USD, for 31-Jan-93 to 31-Mar-07 Note Asymmetric payoff
7. Avg HF vs. MSCI Daily TR Gross World Free USD, for 31-Jan-93 to 31-Mar-07 Note Asymmetric payoff
8. Less than 12% of Hedge Funds ‘Normally’ distributed Based on analysis of 5400 Hedge Fund distributions
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10. (i)Liquidity a Source of Alpha ? Relationship between liquidty and Returns Our research indicates that longer lock-ups are compensated for by additional alpha of 300 – 400bp per annum
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12. Infiniti SFA Risk score Amaranth First Warning signal 31 May 2005 Second Warning signal 30 April 2006 Outright Sell signal 31 May 2006
13. Significant deviation as distribution type changes in April / May 2005 Infiniti ‘Best Fit’ Value at Risk (VaR) Amaranth
14. Analysis of Classic Correlation (top Right Quadrant) and Modified Correlation (bottom Left Quadrant) of sample Portfolio 0.486 0.428 0.548 0.313 0.238 0.589 0.601 0.470 0.387 0.476 0.553 0.695 0.306 0.249 Fund 1 vs Fund 2 0.629 Fund 1 vs Fund 3 0.651 Fund 1 vs Fund 4 0.629 Fund 1 vs Fund 5 0.633 Fund 2 vs Fund 3 0.537 Fund 2 vs Fund 4 Fund 2 vs Fund 5 Fund 3 vs Fund 4 Fund 3 vs Fund 5 Fund 4 vs Fund 5 0.357 0.522 Portfolios 95% Normal VaR = -0.77% Portfolios 95% Modified VaR = -0.82% Fund 1 Fund 2 Fund 3 Fund 4 Fund 5 Fund 1 1 0.629 0.651 0.357 0.633 Fund 2 1 0.537 0.486 0.428 Fund 3 1 0.548 0.313 Fund 4 1 0.238 Fund 5 1 0.589 0.601 0.470 0.387 0.476 0.553 0.695 0.522 0.306 0.249
15. Linear Analysis of sample Portfolio 0.486 0.428 0.548 0.313 0.238 Fund 1 vs Fund 2 0.629 Fund 1 vs Fund 3 0.651 Fund 1 vs Fund 4 0.629 Fund 1 vs Fund 5 0.633 Fund 2 vs Fund 3 0.537 Fund 2 vs Fund 4 Fund 2 vs Fund 5 Fund 3 vs Fund 4 Fund 3 vs Fund 5 Fund 4 vs Fund 5 0.357 Portfolios 95% Normal VaR = -0.77% Pearson Correlation Fund Name Mean StDev Fund 1 0.84% 0.89% Fund 2 0.80% 0.86% Fund 3 1.04% 1.78% Fund 4 1.33% 2.26% Fund 5 0.64% 1.01% Sample Portfolio 0.93% 1.03% VaR cVaR -0.62% -0.99% -0.62% -0.98% -1.89% -2.63% -2.39% -3.34% -1.03% -1.45% -0.77% -1.21% Normal/Gaussian Descriptives and VaRs Mean Contributor StDev Contributor nVaR Contributor 18.18% 13.15% -0.06% 17.17% 11.32% -0.03% 22.32% 28.56% -0.28% 28.60% 35.20% -0.33% 13.72% 11.78% -0.07% 100.00% 100.00% -0.77% Fund Name Fund 1 Fund 2 Fund 3 Fund 4 Fund 5 Sample Portfolio Attribution of Portfolio Descriptives Normal “ Type” Diversifier Diversifier High Return High Return Diversifier
16. Non-Linear Analysis of sample Portfolio Fund 1 vs Fund 2 Fund 1 vs Fund 3 Fund 1 vs Fund 4 Fund 1 vs Fund 5 Fund 2 vs Fund 3 Fund 2 vs Fund 4 Fund 2 vs Fund 5 Fund 3 vs Fund 4 Fund 3 vs Fund 5 Fund 4 vs Fund 5 Portfolios 95% Modified VaR = -0.82% Modified Correlation 0.589 0.601 0.470 0.387 0.476 0.553 0.695 0.306 0.249 0.522 Fund Name “ Mod SD” Skew Kurtosis Fund 1 0.84% 0.75% 0.458 6.619 Fund 2 0.80% 0.95% -0.685 0.634 Fund 3 1.04% 1.68% 0.150 2.425 Fund 4 1.33% 2.00% 0.549 1.408 Fund 5 0.64% 1.26% -4.041 21.616 Sample Portfolio 0.93% 1.06% -0.254 1.160 VaR cVaR Modified/Cornish Fisher Descriptives and VaRs Mean Attribution of Portfolio Descriptives Mean Contributor “ Mod SD” Contributor mVaR Contributor 18.18% -0.06% 17.17% -0.06% 22.32% -0.27% 28.60% -0.32% 13.72% -0.11% 100.00% 100.00% -0.82% Fund Name Fund 1 Fund 2 Fund 3 Fund 4 Fund 5 Sample Portfolio 13.32% 12.54% 26.95% 33.48% 13.72% Skew Contributor Kurt Contributor 17.90% 15.59% 39.94% 9.56% -10.79% 25.72% -6.34% 33.45% 59.28% 15.67% 100.00% 100.00% Diversifier Diversifier High Return High Return Diversifier Normal “ Type” Attempts to address the non-linear dependence of hedge funds by coming up with an analogue or ‘modified’ correlation matrix using the additional co-skewness and co-kurtosis matrices. This allows for a better understanding of the underlying risk factors within the portfolio -0.38% -1.52% -0.77% -1.27% -1.73% -3.05% -1.96% -2.90% -1.44% -2.75% -0.82% -1.49%
17. Comparison of Normal and Modified Distributions Fatter Tails Negatively Skewed Normal Modified 95% VaR -0.77% -0.82% 99% VaR -1.48% -1.93%
18. Putting it all together – The Infiniti Capital Analytics Suite (IAS)
44. Can be used to build portfolios with any shape distribution
45. DISCLAIMER: This presentation is by Infiniti Capital AG, the Investment Manager of The Infiniti Capital Trust and its portfolio’s. Application for shares can only be made on the basis of the current Prospectuses. The Funds are unregulated collective investment schemes in the UK and Switzerland and their promotion by authorised persons in the UK is restricted by the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000. The price of shares and the income from them can go down as well as up and the value of an investment can fluctuate in response to changes in exchange rates. The following information is intended for institutional investors who are accredited investors and qualified purchasers under the securities laws. Investment in the Fund involves special considerations and risks. There can be no assurance that the Fund’s investment objectives will be achieved. An investment in the Fund is only suitable for sophisticated investors who fully understand and are capable of assuming the risk of an investment in the Fund. Multi Manager Multi Strategy Fund of Funds