The document describes the process of protein synthesis, which occurs in two steps: transcription and translation. In transcription, DNA is unwound and an mRNA strand is created using nucleotides. The mRNA strand is then released and the DNA strands rebind. In translation, the mRNA moves to the cytoplasm and binds to ribosomes. tRNA molecules bind to the ribosome according to the mRNA code, and each tRNA connects to a specific amino acid. Translation begins as tRNA molecules form base pairs with the mRNA, and peptide bonds form between the amino acids, creating a protein.

1. Protein Synthesis
By Steven Detrie

4. ---------------------TACTCTGGCATCACT-----------------------------------------------ATGAGACCGTAGTGA--------------------------

5. ---------------------TACTCTGGCATCACT-----------------------------------------------ATGAGACCGTAGTGA--------------------------

6. ---------------------TACTCTGGCATCACT-----------------------------------------------ATGAGACCGTAGTGA--------------------------

7. ACG
---------------------TACTCTGGCATCACT-----------------------------------------------ATGAGACCGTAGTGA--------------------------

8. ACG AGA
---------------------TACTCTGGCATCACT-----------------------------------------------ATGAGACCGTAGTGA--------------------------

9. ACG AGA
CCG
---------------------TACTCTGGCATCACT-----------------------------------------------ATGAGACCGTAGTGA--------------------------

10. ACG AGA
CCG
UAG
---------------------TACTCTGGCATCACT-----------------------------------------------ATGAGACCGTAGTGA--------------------------

11. ACG AGA
CCG
UAG
UGA
---------------------TACTCTGGCATCACT-----------------------------------------------ATGAGACCGTAGTGA--------------------------

12. MRNA strand
ACG AGA
CCG
UAG
UGA
---------------------TACTCTGGCATCACT-----------------------------------------------ATGAGACCGTAGTGA--------------------------

13. ---------------------TACTCTGGCATCACT-----------------------------------------------ATGAGACCGTAGTGA--------------------------

14. ---------------------TACTCTGGCATCACT-----------------------------------------------ATGAGACCGTAGTGA--------------------------

16. ACG AGA
CCG
UAG
UGA

17. ACG AGA
CCG
UAG
UGA

21. ACG AGA
CCG
UAG
UGA

22. ACG AGA
CCG
UAG
UGA

23. ACG AGA
CCG
UAG
UGA

24. ACG AGA
CCG
UAG
UGA

25. tRNA molecule
Anti codon
AUG
AGA
CCG
UAG
UGA

26. AUG
AGA
CCG
UAG
UGA

27. AUG
AGA
CCG
UAG
UGA

28. AUG
AGA
CCG
UAG
UGA

29. AUG
AGA
CCG
UAG
UGA

30. AUG
AGA
CCG
UAG
UGA

31. AUG
AGA
CCG
UAG
UGA

32. AUG
AGA
CCG
UAG
UGA

33. AUG
AGA
CCG
UAG
UGA

34. AUG
AGA
CCG
UAG
UGA

35. AUG
AGA
CCG
UAG
UGA

36. AUG
AGA
CCG
UAG
UGA

37. Peptide bond
Amino acids
AUG
AGA
CCG
UAG
UGA

38. Summary
The first step is transcription. The first step in transcription
is the unwinding of the DNA molecule so that some DNA
that codes for the needed protein can be transcribed. After
the DNA molecule unwinds, the enzyme, RNA polymerase
lines up nucleotides to create a strand of mRNA. After
transcription, the new RNA strand is released and the two
unzipped DNA strands bind together again. Since after
this occurs the DNA strand is back to normal this step can
repeat.

39. Summary
The next step is Translation. In this, mRNA is sent to the
cytoplasm, where it binds to the RNA. Once the mRNA is
in place, tRNA molecules bind to the ribosome defined by
the mRNA code. At its tail end, tRNA has a “stem” that
attaches to a specific amino acid. At its head, it has three
nucleotides that make up an anticodon. Translation begins
with the binding of the mRNA chain to the ribosome. The
tRNA molecule forms a base pair with the mRNA. A
peptide bond is formed between the amino acid attached
to the tRNA.