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Protein Synthesis
By Sammy Gigliotti
DNA
Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Cell
DNA

Nucleus

Cytoplasm
DNA

Nucleus

Cytoplasm
DNA

Nucleus
DNA

Nucleus
DNA

Nucleus
DN

Nucleus
DN

Nucleus
Protein Synthesis takes place
inside of the DNA

DN

Nucleus
RNA polymerase binds on to
the DNA double helix and
adds the complementary
nucleotides.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T A C A G G C A A C A C A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A T G T C C G T T G T G T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A
T

RNA polymerase binds on to
the DNA double helix and
adds the complementary
nucleotides.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T A C A G G C A A C A C A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A T G T C C G T T G T G T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A
U
G

RNA polymerase binds on to
the DNA double helix and
adds the complementary
nucleotides.
U

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T A C A G G C A A C A C A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A T G T C C G T T G T G T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A
U
G
U

G

RNA polymerase binds on to
the DNA double helix and
adds the complementary
nucleotides.

G

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T A C A G G C A A C A C A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A T G T C C G T T G T G T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A
U

RNA polymerase binds on to
the DNA double helix and
adds the complementary
nucleotides.

G

U

G

G

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T A C A G G C A A C A C A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A T G T C C G T T G T G T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
U
G
U

G

G
C
A
A

RNA polymerase binds on to
the DNA double helix and
adds the complementary
nucleotides.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T A C A G G C A A C A C A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A T G T C C G T T G T G T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
U
G
U

UG

U
G
U

RNA polymerase binds on to
the DNA double helix and
adds the complementary
nucleotides.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T A C A G G C A A C A C A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A T G T C C G T T G T G T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
U

G
U

UG

RNA polymerase binds on to
the DNA double helix and
adds the complementary
nucleotides.

U
G
U
G
U
G
A
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T A C A G G C A A C A C A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A T G T C C G T T G T G T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
U

U

UG

U
G
U
G
U
G
A

RNA polymerase binds on to
the DNA double helix and
adds the complementary
nucleotides.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T A C A G G C A A C A C A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A T G T C C G T T G T G T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
G
U
G
U
G
A

RNA polymerase binds on to
the DNA double helix and
adds the complementary
nucleotides.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T A C A G G C A A C A C A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A T G T C C G T T G T G T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
G
U
G
A

RNA polymerase binds on to
the DNA double helix and
adds the complementary
nucleotides.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T A C A G G C A A C A C A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A T G T C C G T T G T G T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
RNA polymerase binds on to
the DNA double helix and
adds the complementary
nucleotides.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T A C A G G C A A C A C A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A T G T C C G T T G T G T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
mRNA strand leaving the
nucleus.

DNA
Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Cell

Nuclear pore
mRNA strand leaving the
nucleus.

DNA
Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Cell

Nuclear pore
mRNA strand leaving the
nucleus.

DNA
Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Cell

Nuclear pore
mRNA strand leaving the
nucleus.

DNA
Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Cell

Nuclear pore
mRNA strand leaving the
nucleus.

DNA
Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Cell

Nuclear pore
mRNA strand enters the
cytoplasm and heads
towards the ribosomes
DNA
Nucleus

Nuclear pore

Cytoplasm
Ribosomes

Cell
mRNA strand enters the
cytoplasm and heads
towards the ribosomes
DNA
Nucleus

Nuclear pore

Cytoplasm
Ribosomes

Cell
mRNA strand enters the
cytoplasm and heads
towards the ribosomes
DNA
Nucleus

Nuclear pore

Cytoplasm
Ribosomes

Cell
Large and small
subunits of a
ribosome binding
with mRNA

Large Subunit
Ribosome

A U G

G U U

U A A

A G C

U A A
Large and small
subunits of a
ribosome binding
with mRNA

Large Subunit
Ribosome

A U G

G U U

U A A

A G C

U A A
Large and small
subunits of a
ribosome binding
with mRNA

Large Subunit
Ribosome

A U G

G U U

U A A

A G C

U A A
Large and small
subunits of a
ribosome binding
with mRNA

Large Subunit
Ribosome

A U G

G U U

U A A

A G C

U A A
Large and small
subunits of a
ribosome binding
with mRNA

Large Subunit
Ribosome

A U G

G U U

U A A

A G C

U A A
Large and small
subunits of a
ribosome binding
with mRNA

Large Subunit
Ribosome

A U G

G U U

U A A

A G C

U A A
Large and small
subunits of a
ribosome binding
with mRNA

Large Subunit
Ribosome

A U G

G U U

U A A

A G C

U A A
Large and small
subunits of a
ribosome binding
with mRNA. The
polypeptide chain is
forming.

Large Subunit
Ribosome

A U G

G U U

U A A

A G C

U A A
Large and small
subunits of a
ribosome binding
with mRNA. The
polypeptide chain is
forming.

Large Subunit
Ribosome

A U G

G U U

U A A

A G C

U A A
Large and small
subunits of a
ribosome binding
with mRNA. The
polypeptide chain is
forming.

Large Subunit
Ribosome

A U G

G U U

U A A

A G C

U A A
Large and small
subunits of a
ribosome binding
with mRNA. The
polypeptide chain is
forming.

Large Subunit
Ribosome

A U G

G U U

U A A

A G C

U A A
Large and small
subunits of a
ribosome binding
with mRNA. The
polypeptide chain is
forming.

Large Subunit
Ribosome

A U G

G U U

U A A

A G C

U A A
Large and small
subunits of a
ribosome binding
with mRNA. The
polypeptide chain is
forming.

Large Subunit
Ribosome

A U G

G U U

U A A

A G C

U A A
The ribosome stops
translation when it
reaches the stop
codon.

Large Subunit
Ribosome

A U G

G U U

U A A

A G C

U A A
The ribosome stops
translation when it
reaches the stop
codon.

Large Subunit
Ribosome

A U G

G U U

U A A

A G C

U A A
The amino acid
strand folds into a
tertiary structure.

Large Subunit
Ribosome

A U G

G U U

U A A

A G C

U A A
The amino acid
strand folds into a
tertiary structure.

Large Subunit
Ribosome

A U G

G U U

U A A

A G C

U A A
The amino acid
strand folds into a
tertiary structure.

Large Subunit
Ribosome

A U G

G U U

U A A

A G C

U A A
The amino acid
strand is made into
a protein.

Large Subunit
Ribosome

A U G

G U U

U A A

A G C

U A A
Summary
• A summary of protein synthesis is the
information on DNA is copied onto an mRNA
strand, which then leaves the nucleus and
goes into a ribosome. Then, in the ribosome, a
tRNA molecule brings an amino acid that is
coded for by codons on the mRNA. Amino
acids are bonded together as the mRNA
moves through the ribosome. Amino acids
joined together make a protein, which is why
it is called protein synthesis.

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Sammy Gigliotti's Protein synthesis flipbook

  • 10. Protein Synthesis takes place inside of the DNA DN Nucleus
  • 11. RNA polymerase binds on to the DNA double helix and adds the complementary nucleotides. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T A C A G G C A A C A C A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A T G T C C G T T G T G T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  • 12. A T RNA polymerase binds on to the DNA double helix and adds the complementary nucleotides. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T A C A G G C A A C A C A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A T G T C C G T T G T G T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  • 13. A U G RNA polymerase binds on to the DNA double helix and adds the complementary nucleotides. U ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T A C A G G C A A C A C A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A T G T C C G T T G T G T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  • 14. A U G U G RNA polymerase binds on to the DNA double helix and adds the complementary nucleotides. G ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T A C A G G C A A C A C A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A T G T C C G T T G T G T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  • 15. A U RNA polymerase binds on to the DNA double helix and adds the complementary nucleotides. G U G G ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T A C A G G C A A C A C A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A T G T C C G T T G T G T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  • 16. U G U G G C A A RNA polymerase binds on to the DNA double helix and adds the complementary nucleotides. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T A C A G G C A A C A C A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A T G T C C G T T G T G T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  • 17. U G U UG U G U RNA polymerase binds on to the DNA double helix and adds the complementary nucleotides. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T A C A G G C A A C A C A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A T G T C C G T T G T G T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  • 18. U G U UG RNA polymerase binds on to the DNA double helix and adds the complementary nucleotides. U G U G U G A ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T A C A G G C A A C A C A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A T G T C C G T T G T G T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  • 19. U U UG U G U G U G A RNA polymerase binds on to the DNA double helix and adds the complementary nucleotides. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T A C A G G C A A C A C A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A T G T C C G T T G T G T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  • 20. G U G U G A RNA polymerase binds on to the DNA double helix and adds the complementary nucleotides. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T A C A G G C A A C A C A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A T G T C C G T T G T G T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  • 21. G U G A RNA polymerase binds on to the DNA double helix and adds the complementary nucleotides. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T A C A G G C A A C A C A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A T G T C C G T T G T G T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  • 22. RNA polymerase binds on to the DNA double helix and adds the complementary nucleotides. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T A C A G G C A A C A C A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A T G T C C G T T G T G T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  • 23. mRNA strand leaving the nucleus. DNA Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell Nuclear pore
  • 24. mRNA strand leaving the nucleus. DNA Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell Nuclear pore
  • 25. mRNA strand leaving the nucleus. DNA Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell Nuclear pore
  • 26. mRNA strand leaving the nucleus. DNA Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell Nuclear pore
  • 27. mRNA strand leaving the nucleus. DNA Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell Nuclear pore
  • 28. mRNA strand enters the cytoplasm and heads towards the ribosomes DNA Nucleus Nuclear pore Cytoplasm Ribosomes Cell
  • 29. mRNA strand enters the cytoplasm and heads towards the ribosomes DNA Nucleus Nuclear pore Cytoplasm Ribosomes Cell
  • 30. mRNA strand enters the cytoplasm and heads towards the ribosomes DNA Nucleus Nuclear pore Cytoplasm Ribosomes Cell
  • 31. Large and small subunits of a ribosome binding with mRNA Large Subunit Ribosome A U G G U U U A A A G C U A A
  • 32. Large and small subunits of a ribosome binding with mRNA Large Subunit Ribosome A U G G U U U A A A G C U A A
  • 33. Large and small subunits of a ribosome binding with mRNA Large Subunit Ribosome A U G G U U U A A A G C U A A
  • 34. Large and small subunits of a ribosome binding with mRNA Large Subunit Ribosome A U G G U U U A A A G C U A A
  • 35. Large and small subunits of a ribosome binding with mRNA Large Subunit Ribosome A U G G U U U A A A G C U A A
  • 36. Large and small subunits of a ribosome binding with mRNA Large Subunit Ribosome A U G G U U U A A A G C U A A
  • 37. Large and small subunits of a ribosome binding with mRNA Large Subunit Ribosome A U G G U U U A A A G C U A A
  • 38. Large and small subunits of a ribosome binding with mRNA. The polypeptide chain is forming. Large Subunit Ribosome A U G G U U U A A A G C U A A
  • 39. Large and small subunits of a ribosome binding with mRNA. The polypeptide chain is forming. Large Subunit Ribosome A U G G U U U A A A G C U A A
  • 40. Large and small subunits of a ribosome binding with mRNA. The polypeptide chain is forming. Large Subunit Ribosome A U G G U U U A A A G C U A A
  • 41. Large and small subunits of a ribosome binding with mRNA. The polypeptide chain is forming. Large Subunit Ribosome A U G G U U U A A A G C U A A
  • 42. Large and small subunits of a ribosome binding with mRNA. The polypeptide chain is forming. Large Subunit Ribosome A U G G U U U A A A G C U A A
  • 43. Large and small subunits of a ribosome binding with mRNA. The polypeptide chain is forming. Large Subunit Ribosome A U G G U U U A A A G C U A A
  • 44. The ribosome stops translation when it reaches the stop codon. Large Subunit Ribosome A U G G U U U A A A G C U A A
  • 45. The ribosome stops translation when it reaches the stop codon. Large Subunit Ribosome A U G G U U U A A A G C U A A
  • 46. The amino acid strand folds into a tertiary structure. Large Subunit Ribosome A U G G U U U A A A G C U A A
  • 47. The amino acid strand folds into a tertiary structure. Large Subunit Ribosome A U G G U U U A A A G C U A A
  • 48. The amino acid strand folds into a tertiary structure. Large Subunit Ribosome A U G G U U U A A A G C U A A
  • 49. The amino acid strand is made into a protein. Large Subunit Ribosome A U G G U U U A A A G C U A A
  • 50. Summary • A summary of protein synthesis is the information on DNA is copied onto an mRNA strand, which then leaves the nucleus and goes into a ribosome. Then, in the ribosome, a tRNA molecule brings an amino acid that is coded for by codons on the mRNA. Amino acids are bonded together as the mRNA moves through the ribosome. Amino acids joined together make a protein, which is why it is called protein synthesis.