Prehistory 1º ESO

1. THE LONG BIRTH OF THE HUMANITY
beBefore the explanation:
What is the different between Prehistory and History?
What is the ORIGEN of the man?
By: C. Belén Alarcón (alarueca3@gmail.com)

2.  Prehistory is the period from the
origin of the human being, about
five million years ago, to the
invention of writing about 5.000
years ago.
 There are several phases:
1-The Palaeolithic Age extends from
the appearance of our first ancestors to
about 10.000 years ago. Human
beings used stone tools and lived on
hunting and gathering.
2-The Neolithic Age began about
10.000 years ago when human groups
started to live in villages and practice
agriculture and cattle farming

3. beBefore the EXPLICACION:
Do you know any Ancestor of man?
Do you Know any invention of the Paleolithic age?
Do you know where and who did invent the fire?

4. T he pr esent human being is the r esult of a long process known as
Hominisation .
 The most important steps are:
1. The Australopithecus appeared about five million years ago. They were very similar to
chimpanzees.
2. Homo Habilis appeared two million years ago. They made stone tools and lived on hunting
and gathering.
3. Homo Erectus appeared a million and a half years ago. they were similar to Homo Habilis, they
had a bigger technological development. For example, they discovered fire.
4. Homo Sapiens appeared 150.000 years ago. We have two kind of Homo sapiens, Neanderthal
man and Homo Sapiens Sapiens (Cro-Magnon).
EXERCISES
1. Which human
beig is not in the
picture?
2. Could you do a
time line of the
hominisation?

5. The first human beings:
1- AUSTROLOPITHECUS
The earliest hominids lived
around 5 million years ago in
the humid forests of eastern
and southern Africa. They
usually
These animals, known as walked on
Australopithecus probably two feet.
ate, fruits, and dead animals.
There is no evidence that
Australopithecus made their
They were very similar
own tools. There is however
to chimpanzees
strong evidence that they
used sticks and bones to
defende, and to dig.

6. The first human beings:
HOMO HABILIS
2-
Homo habilis were the first
hominids to create and use
tools, so they were called
“habilis”.
 These creatures lived in
Africa from about
2million years ago. They
lived from hutting and Homo Habilis had larger bodies,
gathering. and bigger brains than the
Austrolopitecus.
The tools were a very important
development. The hominids could build,
hunt and made life easier for them.

7. The first human beings:
3-HOMO ERECTUS
With the
discovery of
fire, Homo
could cook their
food, to stay
warm in cold
environments,
and to utilize
caves.
They appeared 1.6 million years
ago. Although they were similar
DID YOU KNOW?
to Homo Habilis, they had a
better technological
development. For example, they
discovered fire.They was the The first simple languages
first specie to live outside spoken by Homo erectus
Africa. They lived in Europe and likely developed around
Asia and remained active in 500,000 years ago.
these areas until around
250,000 years ago.

8. The first human beings:
4. HOMO SAPIENS

Homo Sapiens Sapiens
The modern humans , you and I
Neanderthals
 The first Homo sapiens was the first originated on the Earth
Neanderthals. Neanderthal around 100.000 years ago in
people appeared on the Earth Africa.
around 200,000 years ago, in
Africa. They migrated from Cro-Magnons( first Homo
Africa to the Europe 150.000 Sapiens Sapiens) were taller than
years ago. the Neanderthal, but too the Cro-
Magnons were slimmer than
 Sapiens Neandertalis were
Neandertales.
stronger and shorter than we ,
A very important advantage is
the Sapiens –Sapiens, are.
 They were the first species to than Homo Sapiens Sapiens
bury their dead. ( Cromagon) had better
technologies, languages and
cultures than the Neanderthals.
We, the
Sapiens-
Sapiens
emigrated
from Africa to
the rest of
continents

9. 1. Who was the first humans being?
2. Is it the same Hominids as Humans being?
3. Who was the first Hominids that used the tools? And, Who was the first
Hominids that created the tools?
4. And the fire?

10. 1. Write a time line about
the hominisation. You
can use the items:
--Austrolpithecus
-Homo Habilis
-Homo Erectus
-Homo Antecesor
-Homo Neandertal
-Homo Sapiens-Sapiens
You can use the power
points explanation and
the picture
2. Extra task: if you
paint the hominids in
the time line You will
get more mark .

11. HOMINIDS Main Characteristics
Austrolopithecus
Homo Habilis
Homo Erectus
Homo
Antecessor
Homo Sapiens
Neandertal
Homo Sapiens
-Sapiens

12. HOMINIDS When did Where did What did Who did
they live? they live? they they eat?
discovery?
( tools, fire,
spoken)
Austrolopithecus
Homo Habilis
Homo Erectus
Homo
Antecessor
Homo Sapiens
Neandertal
Homo Sapiens
-Sapiens

13. Excalibur,was found in
Atapuerca. Homo
Antecessor
Atapuerca family
 The Sierra de Atapuerca is in Burgos Province, just from 15 kilometers
from Burgos city ( Spain). It is one of the most important
archaeological places in the world.
 There are 1.5 millions year of human evolution .Sierra Atapuerca
contains the HOMO ANTECESSOR, the first European, lived 800.000
Extra job. Look for
years ago in Atapuerca. information about Atapuerca
place.

14.  The first humans( all the hominids) beings lived in caves, and spent their lives
hunting and gathering in small groups. They hunted bears, elephants,
mammouths, deers.
 They were nomadic. They moved from place to other looking for good areas with
lots of animals and plants. They were organised on small tribes.
 In the Palaeolithic age men and women made tools and objects from stone.
They used them to hunt and cut animals skins. They also used wood and bones to
make harpoons, needles or lances.
 Besides With the discovery of fire, and the Language spoken . The Homos
became more adept at survival. Fire allowed them to cook their food, to stay
warm in cool environments, and to utilize caves. The languages was a big step.
The Homos were more Humain beings.
Needles and weapons

15.  At the beginning, Cro-Magnon life was not all that different from
the lives of earlier hominids.
 As food sources increased humans settlements became more
permanent. Many groups began building homes. Smaller groups
joined together forming big groups.
 All these groups developed rules or laws. These big groups had
leaders
 . Sometimes leaders were selected fighting. In other cases they were
selected according to religious beliefs or through inheritance

16. PALEOLITHIC ART
(30.000-10.000B.C)
At the beginning the Homo sapiens –sapiens painted in the caves.
It was the beginning of the art
THE FIRST PAINTINGS
The characteristics of the first paintings are:
1. -The animals like: Bison, horses, mammoths was painted. It had a magical
sense .Animal painted, animal that could be hunted.
2. -The colors were : ocher ( similar to red), black, brown.
3. -The paintings were realistic.
4. The most important paintings was found in Altamira ( Spain) and
Lascaux ( France)
The Altamira’ s
cave is located
near the town of
Santillana del
Mar in Cantabria,
Spain. The cave
has been
declared a World
Heritage Siteby
UNESCO

17. These figures were the symbol of the
fertility, so the sculpture was called
VENUS
 These Venus were made from 3,0000 to 1,0000 years,
aprox.
 These figurines is made by stone bone or ivory. They are the
 In total, there are a hundred of Venus. earliest works of
prehistoric art
 Theses figurines are a size, between 4 cm and 25 cm .

19.  Around 8.000 years ago the
agriculture was
discovered . It was the
beginning of Neolithic Age
and the finished of Neolithic
Paleolithic time . peseants
 In the Paleolithic Age humans were
hunting and gathering , a natural
disaster had a devastating effect on the
peoples. They can dead very easy . The animals
domesticated were:
 In the Neolithic Age, Human beings Goats, sheep .
learned how to domesticate animals
Pigs, and chickens.
and cultivate plants.
Horses and dogs
The plants
cultivated were:
wheat, rice,
corn .

20. 2-Villages Develop : From nomadism to sedentar
 With farming and
domesticated animals, life
became easier for humans.
The population quickly
rose from around 2 million
humans on the Earth, to
more than 90 million.
A tipical neolithic village
 People became sedentary
and built villages, near to
the rivers. Some of these
ancient villages, such as
Jericho, still survive to this
day

21. 4-Technologies Advance
Quickly
People had more
time to developed
new technologies.
1. The wheel help to Neolithic tools:
transporter things. It was sinckle , axe
very important. Could you
imagine your life without
wheels?
2. The pottery: pot , clays
3. More comfortable
clothing, with wool.
4. They made better utensils
for farming with the Neolithic axe
Polished stone. Utensils
like: sinckle, hand mild

22. 5-Specialization of
Labor
 In the Paleolithic Age
the humans live in clans
and they had to survive:
hunting, gathering,
making tools , but in the
Neolithic Age societies
became more complex and
the individuals began to
Specialized traders known as specialize in different
merchants organized caravans types of jobs: artisan,
that covered distances of priest, soldier or traders.
thousands of miles, bringing the The socials division was
goods and products of one created.
society to trade them for goods
At first trade was simple.
and products from another
Individuals traded amongst
society. people of the same
community But later It
began the traders routes

23.  The neolitic art was the art of
the new sedentary people.
 It dates from 8000 BC to
1500 BC. La Menga cove in
Antequera ( Spain)
 The most important
representation will be the
Menhirs,dolmen, cromlech…
 This monuments were
tumbs, sacred places,
 Stongheans in United Kingdom

24.  Vocabulary. Find the following words in their context
English word Spanish word Word in context
The long birth of
El largo nacimiento
the Humanity
de la humanidad
Phases Etapas fases
Human beings Seres Humanos
Stone tools herramientas de
piedra
Gathering Recolección
Hunting Caza
ganadería granja
cattle farming:
Ancestor Antepasado

25.  Vocabulary. Find the following words in their
context Spanish word
English word Word in context
Sticks palos
Bones Huesos
To defender Defenderse
Dig Cavar
Appeared Aparecieron
to come Venir de
from
walked on Andar sobre las dos
two feet. piernas
As food sources Como la cantidad de
increased comida aumentó

26.  Vocabulary. Find the following words in their
context
English word Spanish word Word in context
Joined Unir
Sacred places Lugares sagrados
Nomadic Nómada
Needles and Agujas y armas
weapons
Polished Piedra pulimentada
stone
Traders Comerciantes
Pottery Cerámica

27.  Vocabulary. Find the following words in their
context Spanish word
English word Word in context
wheat Trigo
Rice Arroz
Corn Maiz
Goats Cabras
Sheep Ovejas
Sinckle Hoz
Axe Hacha

28.  http://www.kidspast.com/world-history/0001-prehistoric-humans.php
 http://www.show.me.uk/topicpage/Prehistory.html
 http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/989