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MODERN WORLD HISTORY,[object Object],FPA2043,[object Object],PRIDHIVRAJ NAIDU                 ,[object Object],127445,[object Object],&,[object Object],KARTHEGEISU,[object Object],130287,[object Object],PRESENTS;,[object Object]
What was the Renaissance?,[object Object], Discuss the changes that took place in Europe between the 14th & 16th centuries as a result of the Renaissance.,[object Object]
RENAISSANCE,[object Object],By the term Renaissance means “New Rebirth”.,[object Object],It’s the period when the fragmented feudal society of the Middle Ages, with its agricultural economy and Church-dominated intellectual and cultural life, ,[object Object],Was transformed into a society increasingly dominated by central political institutions, with an urban, commercial economy and lay patronage of education, the arts, and music.,[object Object]
At all events the Renaissance was heralded through the recovery by Italian scholars of Greek and Roman classical literature. ,[object Object],When the movement began,  the civilization of Greece and Rome had long been exerting a partial influence, not only upon Italy, but on other parts of mediaeval Europe as well. ,[object Object],But in Italy especially, when the wave of barbarism had passed, the people began to feel a returning consciousness of their ancient culture, and a desire to reproduce it. ,[object Object]
RENAISSANCE BEGAN IN ITALY BECAUSE,[object Object],Just as the Reformation went forth from Germany and the political revolution from France, ,[object Object],So did the Renaissance go forth from Italy;,[object Object],The development of the Italian cities. Ex: Florence, the second Athens. ,[object Object],In Italy the break between the old and the new civilization was not so complete. The Romans & Italians,[object Object],The existence of so many monuments of the civilization and the grandeur of ancient Rome.,[object Object]
The Renaissance witnessed:,[object Object],-The discovery and exploration of new continents, ,[object Object],-The substitution of the Copernican for the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, ,[object Object],-The decline of the feudal system and the growth of commerce, ,[object Object],-The invention or application of such potentially powerful innovations:,[object Object],paper, printing, the mariner's compass, and gunpowder. ,[object Object]
THE SOUTHERN RENAISSANCE,[object Object],The Renaissance as it occurred in Southern Europe has been termed the “Southern Renaissance".,[object Object],The Southern Renaissance, refers to the changes that happened in Italy at that time.,[object Object],The birth of new political system and development of economic structure.,[object Object]
INVENTIONS,[object Object],-Tools developed in the Middle Ages for exploration continued to be used during the Renaissance. One of these was the astrolabe, the magnetic compass.,[object Object],-Maps, too, became more reliable as Portuguese map makers, called cartographers, incorporated information provided by travelers and explorers into their work. Shipbuilding also improved during the Renaissance, as large ships called galleons became common. These ships were powered by sail rather than by men using oars.,[object Object]
TRADE,[object Object],As the economy of the Renaissance continued to improve, there were ever-increasing demands for imported goods and new places to export local products. ,[object Object],The Renaissance sailor first took to the seas to supply Europeans with the many Asian spices they demanded. ,[object Object],Also from the East came precious gems and fine silk, a fabric especially sought after for women's clothing. ,[object Object],These trading voyages were often paid for by investors,[object Object]
RENAISSANCE EXPLORERS,[object Object],Prince Henry of Portugal, known as Prince Henry the Navigator. ,[object Object],With the help of mathematicians, astronomers, cartographers, and other navigators, Prince Henry sent expeditions to explore the west coast of Africa. These explorations led to trade for gold and ivory and, soon after, slaves. Later, Portuguese sailors discovered the route around the southern tip of Africa that would take them to India entirely by sea.,[object Object]
PRIDHIVRAJ NAIDU                                          127445,[object Object],&,[object Object],PRESENTS;,[object Object]
HUMANISME,[object Object],Renaissance humanism was a movement that affected the cultural, political, social, and literary landscape of Europe.,[object Object],Beginning in Florence in the last decades of the 14th century, Renaissance humanism revived the study of Latin and Greek, with the resultant revival of the study of science, philosophy, art and poetry of classical antiquity.,[object Object]
The revival was based on interpretations of Roman and Greek texts, whose emphasis upon art and the senses marked a great change from the contemplation on the Biblical values of humility, introspection, and meekness. ,[object Object],Beauty was held to represent a deep inner virtue and value, and an essential element in the path towards God.,[object Object]
HUMANIST,[object Object],[object Object]
Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375), wrote the Decameron,(ten days' work) collection of Italian prose and now accepted as his major work.
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527), wrote ‘The Prince’, a book on effective governance and to establish a state capable of resisting foreign attack.
Bruni: wrote ‘Historiarum Florentini populi libri XII’, the history of Florentine in 1420.,[object Object]
The crucial step was taken in the 1440s at Mainz, Germany, where Johann Gutenberg and other printers invented movable type by cutting up old printing,[object Object],blocks to form individual letters.,[object Object],Gutenberg used movable type to print papal,[object Object],documents and the first printed version of the Bible (1454),[object Object]
Soon all the major countries of Europe possessed the means for printing books.,[object Object], In 1465 two Germans brought printing to Italy, and within four years,[object Object],the works of eight classical authors (including Cicero, Livy, Virgil, Pliny, and Caesar) had been printed there. ,[object Object],In all of Europe during the remainder of the century an estimated 40,000 titles were published.,[object Object],Prices of books sank to one eighth of their former cost thus placing books within the reach of many people.,[object Object],In addition, pamphlets and controversial tracts soon were widely circulated, and new ideas reached a thousand times more people in a relatively short span of time.,[object Object]
ARCHITECTURE,[object Object],In constructing churches, Renaissance architects no longer used the shape of a cross as a basis for their structures. Instead, they based them on the circle. ,[object Object],Wealthy people of the Renaissance often adopted a Roman style, building the four sides of their homes around a courtyard. ,[object Object]
SCIENCE,[object Object],The recovery of ancient manuscripts showed the humanists how the Greeks and Romans employed mathematics to give structure to their art.,[object Object],The relationship between these two studies is most evident in architecture, where numerical ratios were used in building design. ,[object Object]
PROPORTION IN ARCHITECTURE,[object Object],One of the most interesting proportions used by Renaissance artists, the golden mean, had also been used by the ancient Greeks in art and architecture.,[object Object],The humanists also used the writings of Vitruvius, a Roman architect, to guide them in their architectural designs.,[object Object]
ARTS AND PAINTING,[object Object],One of the most interesting proportions used by Renaissance artists, the golden mean, had also been used by the ancient Greeks in art and architecture.,[object Object],The humanists also used the writings of Vitruvius, a Roman architect, to guide them in their architectural designs.,[object Object]
THE NORTHERN RENAISSANCE,[object Object],The Renaissance as it occurred in Northern Europe has been termed the "Northern Renaissance".,[object Object],The Italian Renaissance had infused thought and art with humanistic values. ,[object Object],In time the stimulating ideas current in Italy spread to other areas and combined with indigenous developments to produce a French Renaissance, an English Renaissance, and so on.,[object Object]
*Throughout the fifteenth century the matriculation records of Italian universities listed hundreds of northern European students. ,[object Object],*Their chief interest was the study of law, medicine and such. ,[object Object],*When these students returned home, they often carried manuscripts - and later printed editions - of classical and humanist writers. ,[object Object]
EFFECTS OF RENAISSANCE,[object Object],Brought in new conception of life and the world.,[object Object],Restored broken unity of history.,[object Object],Beginning of Archeology and Historical criticism.,[object Object],Impulse of religious reform.,[object Object],Reformed Education. ,[object Object],Development of vernacular literature.,[object Object]

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  • 15. Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375), wrote the Decameron,(ten days' work) collection of Italian prose and now accepted as his major work.
  • 16. Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527), wrote ‘The Prince’, a book on effective governance and to establish a state capable of resisting foreign attack.
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