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2. Contents
Description of network
Description of topology
Different types of topology
Their advantages and disadvantages
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4. Network
In information technology, a network is a series of points or
nodes interconnected by communication paths. Networks can
interconnect with other networks and contain sub networks.
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6. TOPOLOGY
Topology defines the physical and logical arrangements of links in a
network.
Two or more devices connect to a link, two or more link from a
topology.
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7. In this diagram every system has its separate link to each other device.
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8. TYPES OF TOPOLOGY
TOPOLOGY
MESH TOPOLOGY STAR TOPOLOGY TREE TOPOLOGY BUS TOPOLOGY RING TOPOLOGY
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9. Mesh Topology
In a mesh topology, every device has a dedicated point-to-point
link of devices.
And the word dedicated means that link carries traffic only
between two devices it connects.
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10. A fully connected mesh network therefore has n(n-1)/2 physical
channels to link n devices.
Every device has (n-1) connection in mesh topology.
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11. Advantages of Mesh Topology
 Dedicated links eliminating the traffic problem.
 A mesh topology is robust.
 Every system has its own privacy and security.
 Point-to-Point make fault identification and isolation is easy.
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12. Disadvantages of mesh topology
 It is more expensive due to use of more cables.
 No proper utilization of systems.
 It needs more space or ceiling for dedicated links.
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13. STAR TOPOLOGY
A star topology has a dedicated point-to-point link only to a
central controller, called hub.
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14. The hub acts as an exchange between the devices.
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15. Advantages of star topology
 A star topology is less expensive than mesh topology.
 Addition ,deletion and moving of the devices is easy.
 Star topology includes robustness.
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16. Disadvantages of star topology
 Cabling is required in a star.
 All devices depends upon the central hub.
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17. TREE TOPOLOGY
A tree topology is a variation of star.
Tree is also linked to a central hub that controls the
traffic to the network.
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18. The central hub in tree is an active hub & second hub may b active or
passive hub.
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19. Advantages of tree topology
 The addition of secondary hub is easy.
 It allows the network to isolate and prioritize communication
between different computers.
 Time sensitive data will not have to wait for access to the
network.
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20. Disadvantages of tree topology
 It is more expensive due to cabling.
 Increase the distance of the signals
 Repeating strengthens transmissions.
 The whole connection is depend upon hub , if hub stop its
working than the whole network stop the work.
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21. Bus topology
A bus topology is a multipoint topology. one long cable acts
as a backbone to link all the devices in the network.
Nodes are connected to the bus cable by drop lines or taps.
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22. There is a limit on the number of taps .
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23. Advantages of bus topology
 In bus topology, backbone can be laid along the most efficient
path.
 The redundancy is eliminated.
 Each drop line has to reach only as far as nearest point of the
backbone.
 Limited number of taps.
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24. Disadvantages of bus topology
 Include difficult reconfigurations and fault isolation.
 It can be difficult to attach a new device.
 Signal reflection at the tap can cause degradation in quality.
 A fault or break in the bus cable stops all transmission.
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25. Ring topology
A ring topology has a dedicated point-to-point line
configuration only with the two devices on either side of it.
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26. A signal is passed along the ring in one direction, from device to
device.
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27. Advantages of ring topology
 Easy to install and reconfigure.
 Add or delete a device require moving only two connections.
 Fault isolation is simplified.
 Signal is circulating at all times.
 An alarm alerts the network operator to the problem and its
location.
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28. Disadvantages of ring topology
 Unidirectional traffic.
 A break in ring can disable the entire network.
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