The document discusses the current mobile ecosystem landscape, including major players like wireless networks, OEMs, operating systems, developers, and services/infrastructure providers. It describes key aspects of each component, such as common wireless network types, trends in mobile device hardware, popular mobile operating systems, challenges with platform fragmentation, and emerging services enabled by cloud computing and location awareness. The mobile ecosystem is characterized as fragile and experimental as standards continue to evolve through organic adoption.

1. Mobile Ecosystems: Current Landscape, Emerging Technologies & Trends Pragati Ogal Rai pragatiogal@gmail.com http://pragatiogalrai.blogspot.com Silicon Valley Code Camp October 08, 2011

2. Agenda Mobile Ecosystem Mobile Devices Current Landscape of Mobile Ecosystem Wireless Networks OEMs Operating Systems Developers Services & Infrastructure Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 2

3. What is Mobile Ecosystem? What are mobile devices? Who are the major players driving the mobile market? What role do these players play? Who are the consumers of the mobile market? Where do we stand now? What’s happening next? Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 3

4. Mobile Devices Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 4

5. Mobile Devices Member of Consumer Electronics Devices (CED) family Some CEDs are Connected Electronic Devices Computing capability + runs software Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 5

6. Mobile Devices: Examples Mobile Phones and Smart Phones Tablet computers PDAs, Pagers Game Consoles Mobile Computers Information Appliances Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 6

7. Mobile Devices: Attributes Portable Personal Connected It is with you most of the time Convenient to use Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 7

8. Mobile Devices: Challenges Small Form Factor Limited computing resources Power consumption Storage Security viewpoint Input Facilities Usability Device Independent Security Solutions Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 8

9. Mobile Ecosystem Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 9

10. What does mobile ecosystem look like today? Security OS Vendors OEMs Consumers Services & Infrastructure Developers Carriers Wireless Networks Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 10

11. Mobile Ecosystem: Major Players Wireless networks carriers OEMs Operating Systems Developers Services & Infrastructure Providers Consumers Security Standards Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 11

12. Wireless Networks Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 12

13. Wireless Networks: Current Landscape Wireless LANs Cellular Networks Broadband Wireless Access Proximity Technologies Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 13

14. Wireless LANs Home & enterprise hotspots High data rates Easy to use, plug & play components Integrated in hardware Limited coverage area 802.11 family of standards Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 14

15. Cellular Networks High mobility Initially designed for voice Real time, always-on Extended to offer Internet & multimedia Data rates lower than wifi Deployed successfully all over the world High error rates Weak and proprietary cryptographic algorithms like COMP128 Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 15

16. Broadband Wireless Access Fixed wireless applications Spectrum range over 2 GHz Proprietary systems 802.16/WiMax open standards Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 16

17. Proximity Technologies Near Field Communication (NFC) Inches Secure Bluetooth Bluetooth versions 3 & 4 Security issues Proximity detection & battery power Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 17

18. Wireless Networks: Use Cases Mobile TV Mobile Games Video/Audio Streaming Conferencing Content Download M2M Applications Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 18

19. Wireless Networks: Requirements High data rates Advanced radio technologies Lower costs Seamless mobility Support for multiple services Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 19

20. Cellular Radio Technologies Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 20

21. Seamless Mobility: All-IP Based Networks Enterprise Network Hotspot Broadband Wireless Cellular Networks Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 21

22. Seamless Mobility: All-IP Based Networks Dual core networks Packet switched core networks for data Circuit switched core networks for voice Single core networks All IP based One core network Voice services by VoIP Seamless mobility & user experience Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 22

23. All IP Based Networks: Why? http://www.distributednetworks.com/linux-network-administration/module2/tcpip-protocol-layers.php Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 23

24. Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services Point to multipoint delivery Single frequency model Real time streaming Subscription based model e.g. TV Non-subscription based model e.g. radio or emergency alerts DVB-H/DVB-T, DVB-SH, DMB, ESM-DAB, and MediaFLO, Huawei’s CMB Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 24

25. OEMs Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 25

26. OEM Why device manufacturer is a key player in mobile ecosystem? OEM decides device characteristics Device hardware and specifications Operating system Proprietary software Expose or hide hardware capabilities Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 26

27. OEM Fragmentation – technology & business level Developers are limited by OEM Security Memory Speed Page rendering Color scheme Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 27

28. Device Hardware: Trends Highly optimized CPU e.g. ARM processor Power efficient Memory (ROM, RAM, EEPROM, etc.) Solid state disks for high capacity, low power, lightweight Touch Screens Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 28

29. Operating Systems Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 29

30. Mobile Device Architecture Applications Software Stack Operating System Device Hardware Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 30

31. Operating Systems: CEDs Real Time Operating Systems (RTOS) Limited capacity, minimal Specific use case Compact Efficient Open Source and proprietary RTOS (BeRTOS, FreeRTOS, VxWorks, PikesOS, LynxOS, Nucleus RTOS) Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 31

32. Operating Systems: Smart Phones Feature rich Modern OS Capabilities and services Free and proprietary OS (J2ME, Symbian, FreeBSD, Linux variants like HP WebOS, Maemo) Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 32

33. Operating Systems & OEMs OEMs bake OS into the device OS cannot be changed OS defines key features of device Security characteristics Multithreading Resource sharing Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 33

34. Software Stack Software layer put on top of OS Middleware or mobile platform APIs exposed to developers Open source & proprietary (Android, iPhone, Blackberry OS) Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 34

35. Software Stack: why is it important? Stack exposes device capabilities Unpublished or private APIs Defines application structure Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 35

36. Android Architecture http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 36

37. Symbian Architecture http://www.developer.nokia.com/Community/Wiki/images/7/78/Symbian_Arc.png?20090412093457 Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 37

38. iPhone Architecture http://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/Security/Conceptual/Security_Overview/Architecture/Architecture.html Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 38

39. Developers Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 39

40. Developers: who? Enterprises Us Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 40

41. Mobile Device Architecture Applications Software Stack Operating System Device Hardware Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 41

42. Applications Application development depends on: Mobile stack Underlying OS Hardware Carrier Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 42

43. Content Distribution Channels AppStores: coined by Apple Over 125 AppStores today Single or multiple platform support Control over ecosystem Economical reasons AppStores to provide broader set of services Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 43

44. Content Distribution Channels Carriers (VzAppStore, Sprint's Software Store) OEMs (Motorola, Samsung) OS Providers (Palm's AppCatalog, Nokia's Ovistore, Android Market, AppStore,) Third party Companies (GetJar, AndSpot) AppStores for devices (PlayStation Store, DSi Shop for Nintendo Dsi) Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 44

45. Cross Platform Development PhoneGap, Appcelerator Write once run anywhere HTML5, Javascript Easy to write and use Device Integration User Experience Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 45

46. Mobile Web Apps render on browser Developed using web technologies (HTML5, JSON, CSS) W3C standards for mobile application development Native vs. web applications Economic reasons Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 46

47. Mobile Web: Application Development Platform Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 47 http://www.w3.org/2011/02/mobile-web-app-state.html

48. Trends Mobile Content Mobile Commerce Social Networking Location Aware applications Mobile + Social + local = Convergence Mobile Widgets Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 48

49. Services & Infrastructure Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 49

50. Services & Infrastructure Cloud Services Analytics Testing & Monitoring Commerce Platforms Advertising Platforms & Services Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 50

51. What does mobile ecosystem look like today? Security OS Vendors OEMs Consumers Services & Infrastructure Developers Carriers Wireless Networks Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 51

52. What does mobile ecosystem look like today? Fragile Nascent Experimentation Fragmentation Standards are evolving Organic adoption Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 52

53. References http://developer.android.com http://developer.apple.com Wikipedia Web Commerce Security Design and Development by Hadi Nahari & Ronald L. Krutz, Wiley Publishing, Inc. Programming the Mobile Web by Maximiliano Firtman, O’Reilly Publications Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 53

54. Images Developer: www.winceron.com/dotnetdevelopers.aspx Carriers: www.gev.com OS: http://tftscdn.nexus404.com/Blog/wp-content/uploads2/2010/03/Mobile-OS-Logos.jpg OEMs: http://hotcellularphone.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/top-five.jpg Standards: whywebstandards.org/ Wireless Networks: http://www.tech-faq.com/wp-content/uploads/images/wireless-networks.gif Mobile Devices: http://www.w3.org/2006/Talks/1106-MoMoParis/mobilechristmas2004.jpeg Mobile Ecosystem: http://www.w3.org/2006/Talks/1106-MoMoParis/mobilechristmas2004.jpeg Silicon Valley Code Camp 2011 54