2. Issues
Covered
Water
Ground
Conservat
Reality
ion
Govt. Case of
Policies Agenda Punjab
Case of
Case of
Jaunpur,
Gujarat
U.P.
Case of
Dindigul,
Tamil
Nadu

3. ISSUES COVERED
Tragedy of Lack of
Commons Institution
Social Health
Capital Hazards
Transaction State
Costs Policies

4. Issues
Covered
Water
Ground
Conservat
Reality
ion
Govt. Case of
Policies Agenda Punjab
Case of
Case of
Jaunpur,
Gujarat
U.P.
Case of
Dindigul,
Tamil
Nadu

5. CURRENT SITUATION

6. NEED OF HOUR
What are the contributing factors to the
problem of Ground Water Exploitation ?
What are the Effective State Policies
proposed by Government ?
How can we improve the ground water
levels ?

7. Introducti
on: About
ground
water
Water
Ground
Conservat
Reality
ion
Govt. Case of
Policies Agenda Punjab
Case of
Dindigul, Case of
Tamil Gujarat
Nadu
Case of
Jaunpur,
U.P.

8. Indus Peneplain in Central Punjab, India :
Why are we studying?
The central part of Punjab provides an example of successful
“state policy approach”

9. Indus Peneplain in Central Punjab, India
Drastic
Agricultural Increase in
success WHY? number of
Tube Wells
CONSEQUENCES
Depletion Exploitation
rates – 0.6- beyond the
1 m/year Critical level
> 98%

10. Map and cross-section of Punjab peneplain with different recharge areas
and
water level trend

11. Indus Peneplain in Central Punjab, India :
State Policy Approach
State Govt.’s Ordinance to
prohibit transplantation of
Approach paddy rice until the onset of
monsoon
Results
Highly successful, limited
farmer resistance
Water Saving to an
extent of 50-60%,
Electrical energy saving
Incorporation into Punjab
Preservation of Sub-soil
Water of 2009

12. Introducti
on: About
ground
water
Water
Ground
Conservat
Reality
ion
Govt. Case of
Policies Agenda Punjab
Case of
Dindigul, Case of
Tamil Gujarat
Nadu
Case of
Jaunpur,
U.P.

13. Case of Mehsana, Gujarat
Issues
Health Hazard : Fluorosis
Inefficient state policy

14. What needs to be done?
• Set up cooperative captive water treatment
plants run by locals
• Subsidized power only for the poor farmers
• Permits for setting up borewells and tubewells

15. Societal aspect of groundwater
Ratanpur Paldi
Hydrology Free standing Associated with
commodity sharecropping
Caste composition Negligible Stratification of castes
Water transactions Institutionalized Bilateral agreements
Sharing of benefits Small farmers Large farmers

16. Introducti
on: About
ground
water
Cultural
Ground
Value of
Reality
Water
Govt. Case of
Policies Agenda Gujarat
Case of
Case of
Jaunpur,
Punjab
U.P
Case of
Dindigul,
Tamil
Nadu

17. Overcoming Groundwater Recharge Problem
Dindigul District Case
Weathered
crystalline
aquifer
Limited Soil
infiltration
capacity
Rainfall runs off
the surface rather
than groundwater
recharge

18. The Issue
dry-season
Population irrigated
Growth agriculture
Drinking
Falling GW
Water
Levels
Problem

19. Need of an Integrated Approach?

20. Introducti
on: About
ground
water
Water
Ground
Conservat
Reality
ion
Govt. Case of
Policies Agenda Gujarat
Case of
Case of
Jaunpur,
Punjab
U.P.
Case of
Dindigul,
Tamil
Nadu

21. Aquifer system of layered sand-silt deposits in Uttar Pradesh state
Extensive
system with
around 600 m
thick deposits
Two modes of recharge –
1.Direct(infiltrating monsoon)
2.Indirect(surface water)

22. The Issue
Two major contrasting problems
Canal leakage (rising water table)
water logging
& salinization
Flood irrigation (falling water table)

24. What about Health
Hazards ?

25. Mehsana, Indus Jaunpur, U.P Dindigul, T.N.
Issues Case Gujarat Peneplain,
Punjab
LACK OF
INSTITUTIONS
 
TRAGEDY OF
COMMONS 
LACK OF
SOCIAL 
CAPITAL
STATE
POLICIES
 
HEALTH
HAZARDS
 
TRANSACTION
COSTS 

26. Introducti
on: About
ground
water
Cultural
Value of Ground
Water Reality
Govt. Case of
Policies Agenda Gujarat
Case of
Case of
Jaunpur,
Punjab
U.P.
Case of
Dindigul,
Tamil
Nadu

28. Enhancing
Demand
Water GW Pricing
Management
Availability
Incentivize Small local level
Reverse under-
efficient GW use irrigation through
pricing of
small bunds, field
electricity
ponds
Encourage
community based
management Monitoring water
use pattern to Separate electric
check feeders for GW
Artificial
unacceptable irrigation
recharging projects
depletion of GW

29. National Water Policy 2012
Institutional
Research & Training
Arrangements
Integrated Water National Water
Resources Management Informatics Centre
(IWRM) A re-training programme
for water planners and
Centre/State Government managers
departments need to be An autonomous centre for
restructured research in water policy
Water needs to be managed as a community resource held, by the state to
achieve food security, livelihood, and equitable and sustainable
development for all

30.  Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and storage of
rainwater for reuse before it reaches the aquifer
An Artificial Recharge to groundwater
Techniques:
 Pits
 Trenches
 Dug wells
 Hand Pumps
 Recharge wells
Indian Context:
 Andhra Pradesh
 Tamil Nadu
 Kerala
 Rajasthan
 Maharashtra

31. Rain Water Harvest (RWH) Potential
Rainfall
Total Average
available Coefficient
Roof area rainfall of (80%)
for
(in Sq. m) the area
Harvest
RWH potential = Rainfall available for Harvest/daily water requirement
A common
Responsibility
 Special panchayats/Municipalities/Corporations help the citizens in
implementing the system more effectively

32. NO
 Depends on the amount of rainfall, need for household, size of tank, area of the
roof and Sufficient only for a certain period of time
WATER
CONSERVATION

33. Introducti
on: About
ground
water
Water
Ground
Conserva
Reality
tion
Govt. Case of
Policies Agenda Gujarat
Case of
Dindigul, Case of
Tamil Punjab
Nadu
Case of
Jaunpur,
U.P.

35. Literature
- Thiruvalluvar
Explanation:
If it is said to that the duties of life cannot be discharged by any person
without water, so without rain there cannot be flowing of water
Source: Thirukkural, Chapter 2 written in 2nd Century B.C.
Quoted in website of Tamil Nadu Water Authority & Development Board
Source :Quoted in website of Ministry of water resources, Government of India

36. Issues Proposed Solutions
LACK OF INSTITUTIONS  Community based Management - (U.P., T.N.)
 Market Mechanisms - (U.P.)
TRAGEDY OF COMMONS
 Effective Resource allocation
LACK OF SOCIAL CAPITAL  Create Social Awareness - (T.N.)
 Ground Water Pricing – (Punjab, Gujarat)
 Optimized Conjunctive use- (U.P)
STATE POLICIES
 Proactive Government Participation – (Punjab)
 Indirect Demand Management – (Punjab)
 Water treatment plants - (Punjab, Gujarat)
HEALTH HAZARDS
 Active research center involvement
 Differential Subsidies in electricity rates –
TRANSACTION COSTS
(Punjab)

37. References
Books:
Governance of water : Institutional Alternatives and Political Economy by Vishwa Ballabh
Websites:
 http://cgwb.gov.in/download.html, Central Government Water Board
 http://wrmin.nic.in, Ministry of Water resources, Government of India
 http://www.twadboard.gov.in, TWAD Board, Government of Tamil Nadu
 http://www.indiawaterportal.org/
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_water
Contacts:
Mr. P. Parthiban, Assistant, TWAD Board, Government of Tamil Nadu
Laws & Policies:
National Watery Policy, 1987
Articles:
 Individual Tank based RWH system for Coastal Tamil Nadu, publication of
Architecture & Development India
 Water Papers from World Bank
Video:
www.youtube.com

38. GROUP C2
ADITYA GOEL (16/125)
ANAND G PATIL (16/128)
DIKSHA BAJAJ (16/141)
PRABHU P (16/155)
VISMAY BUCH (16/179)