Swine influenza virus can be transmitted from pigs to humans and cause flu-like illness. A new strain emerged in 2009 that contained genes from human, avian and swine influenza viruses and spread easily between people. Symptoms of swine flu are similar to seasonal flu and include cough, fever and sore throat. Laboratory testing is required to confirm H1N1 swine flu. Most people recover within a week without treatment but those at higher risk may require medical care. Vaccination is recommended for at-risk groups. The virus spreads through respiratory droplets from coughs and sneezes and contact with contaminated surfaces.

1. By niharika sharma
Prabhakar kumar
Under the guidance of
k.K ojha (B.H.U)

2.  Swine influenza virus is common throughout pig
populations worldwide. Transmission of the virus
from pigs to humans is not common and does not
always lead to human flu, often resulting only in
the production of antibodies in the blood. If
transmission does cause human flu, it is called
zoonotic swine flu. People with regular exposure
to pigs are at increased risk of swine flu infection.

3.  Swine influenza, also called pig influenza, swine
flu, hog flu and pig flu, is an infection caused by any
one of several types of swine influenza viruses. Swine
influenza virus (SIV) or swine-origin influenza
virus (S-OIV) is any strain of the influenza family of
viruses that is endemic in pigs.[2] As of 2009, the
known SIV strains include influenza C and the
subtypes of influenza A known as H1N1, H1N2, H2N1,
H3N1, H3N2, and H2N3.

4. The disease originally was nicknamed
swine flu because the virus that causes the
disease originally jumped to humans from
the live pigs in which it evolved. The virus
is a "reassortant" -- a mix of genes from
swine, bird, and human flu viruses.
Scientists are still arguing about what the
virus should be called, but most people
know it as the H1N1 swine flu virus.

5.  In April 2009, a new strain of H1N1 swine flu emerged
that contained a combination of swine, avian, and
human influenza viruses. In the past, swine flu had
mainly affected people who had direct contact with
pigs. The new virus is unusual because it has spread
among people who haven't been near pigs.
 H1N1 swine flu, which was first observed in Mexico,
has crossed borders and oceans, spreading to different
countries and continents.

6. Symptoms of swine flu
 Symptoms of the swine flu are the same as those of
seasonal influenza, and can include:
 cough
 fever
 sore throat
 stuffy or runny nose
 body aches
 headache
 chills
 fatigue
 nausea and vomiting

7. Tests for swine flu
 Because the symptoms of swine flu closely mimic those of
seasonal flu, only a lab test can determine for sure whether
you have the H1N1 swine flu. Rapid flu tests, done in the
doctor's office, often give false negative results, so they
can't be relied on to diagnose pandemic flu.
 To test for swine flu, your doctor collects a sample from
your nose or throat. Not everyone with suspected H1N1
swine flu needs to be tested to confirm diagnosis,
according to the CDC. The CDC says priority for testing is
for people who are hospitalized or have high risk for severe
disease, such as:

8.  Children under 5 years old
 People aged 65 or older
 Children and adolescents (under age 18) who are receiving long-
term aspirin therapy and who might be at risk for experiencing
Reye syndrome after influenza virus infection
 Pregnant women
 Adults and children who have chronic pulmonary,
cardiovascular, hepatic, hematological, neurologic,
neuromuscular, or metabolic disorders
 Adults and children who have immunosuppression (including
immunosuppression caused by medications or by HIV)
 Residents of nursing homes and other chronic care facilities

9. Swine flu is a relatively new strain of influenza (flu) that
was responsible for a flu pandemic during 2009-2010.
 It is sometimes known as H1N1 influenza because it is
the H1N1 strain of virus.
 On 10 August 2010, the World Health Organization
(WHO) declared that the swine flu pandemic was
officially over. However, this does not mean that swine
flu can be ignored.
 The swine flu virus will be one of the main viruses
circulating this winter. It has therefore been included
in the 2012-13 seasonal flu vaccine.

10. What to do if you have swine flu
 People with swine flu typically have a fever or high
temperature (over 38C or 100.4F) and may also have
aching muscles, sore throat or a dry cough (see
symptoms of swine flu). The symptoms are very
similar to other types of seasonal flu. Most people
recover within a week, even without special treatment.
 Contact your GP if you think you have swine flu and
you are worried. They will decide the most appropriate
action to take.
 The National Pandemic Flu Service no longer operates.

11. Prevanting the spread to swine flu
 The most important way to stop flu spreading is to
have good respiratory and hand hygiene. This means
sneezing into a tissue and quickly putting it in a bin.
Wash your hands and work surfaces regularly and
thoroughly to kill the virus.
 Anyone who is concerned about flu symptoms should
contact their GP, who will determine the most
appropriate action to take.
 For more information about how the H1N1 virus
spreads, see causes of swine flu.

12. vaccination
 It is recommended that people in high-risk groups be
vaccinated against swine flu. This includes all pregnant
women, at any stage of pregnancy.
 Pregnant women in high-risk groups and those not in
high-risk groups are advised to take the seasonal flu jab,
which protects against swine flu.
 This is because there is good evidence that all pregnant
women are at increased risk from complications if they
catch swine flu. For more information, see swine flu advice
for pregnant women.
 Until now, only pregnant women in high-risk groups were
advised to take the seasonal flu vaccine. For general
information about flu, see seasonal flu and seasonal flu jab

13. How swine flu spread

14.  The swine flu virus is spread in exactly the same
way as the common cold and other flu viruses.
 The virus is contained in the millions of tiny droplets
that come out of the nose and mouth when someone
coughs or sneezes.
 These droplets typically spread about 1 metre (3 feet).
They hang suspended in the air for a while, but then
land on surfaces, where the virus can survive for up to
24 hours.
 Anyone who touches these surfaces can spread the
virus by touching anything else.

15.  Everyday items at home and in public places may have
traces of the virus. These include food, door handles,
remote controls, hand rails and computer keyboards.
 People usually become infected by picking up the virus
on their hands from contaminated objects and then
placing their hands near their mouth or nose. It is also
possible to breathe in the virus if it is suspended in
airborne droplets

16. protein responcible for swine flu
 HA, NA, M1, M2, NS1, NS2, NP, PB1, PB1-F2,P2, PB2
 These are protein codes found on pdb,the links is
 http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/

17.  We can take amore information by ncbi
 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
 http:// www.iedb.org
 Reference,
 Wikipedia .org
 Ncbi pubmed