2. CLOUD COMPUTING 2010
C ONTENTS
1.0 ABSTRACT...........................................................................................................................................................3
2.0 PREFACE..............................................................................................................................................................4
3.1 What is cloud computing?.............................................................................................................................5
3.2 Why cloud computing?..................................................................................................................................6
4.0 UNDERSTANDING IaaS, PaaS AND SaaS.............................................................................................................6
5.0 ECONOMICS........................................................................................................................................................7
6.0 ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING..............................................................................................................7
7.0 FINDINGS............................................................................................................................................................9
8.0 CONCLUSION......................................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES...........................................................................................................................................................10
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1.0 ABSTRACT
Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves delivering hosted
services over the Internet. These services are broadly divided into three categories:
• Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS),
• Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) and
• Software-as-a-Service (SaaS).
The name cloud computing was inspired by the cloud symbol that's often used to
represent the Internet in flow charts and diagrams.
A cloud service has three distinct characteristics that differentiate it from traditional
hosting. It is sold on demand, typically by the minute or the hour; it is elastic - a user
can have as much service as they want at any given time; and the service is fully
managed by the provider. The consumer only needs a personal computer and
Internet access.
A cloud can be private or public.
A public cloud sells services to anyone on the Internet. (Currently, Amazon Web
Services is the largest public cloud provider.)
A private cloud is a private network or a data center that supplies hosted services to
a limited number of people.
(When a service provider uses public cloud resources to create their private cloud,
the result is called a virtual private cloud.)
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2.0 PREFACE
This report has been written to explain “cloud computing”. So this document includes
the core concept of cloud computing and its impact in positive and negative terms,
our findings, and conclusion.
The Abstract of our report is to make us able to get the gist of our
presentation. Actually a technical definition is "a computing capability that provides
an abstraction between the computing resource and its underlying technical
architecture (e.g., servers, storage, networks), enabling convenient, on-demand
network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be
rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider
interaction." From the Google Trends diagram above, it gives us an insight that
people especially in Information Technology field now become more interested to the
Cloud Computing than Grid Computing. Therefore, now let's talk about Cloud
Computing and few issues about it.
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3.0 INTRODUCTION
3.1 W H A T IS CLOUD COMPUTING?
Cloud computing enables tasks to be assigned to a combination of software’s and
services over a network. This network of servers is the cloud. Cloud computing can
help businesses transform their existing server infrastructures into dynamic
environments, expanding and reducing server capacity depending on their
requirements.
Cloud Computing is Internet-based development and use of computer technology. In
other words, this is a collection or groups of integrated and networked hardware,
software and internetworking infrastructure (called as a platform) using Internet as
their communications and transport links to provide hardware, software and
networking services to end clients. These clients can be end users or software
applications.
In general, cloud computing customers do not own the physical infrastructure,
thereby avoiding capital expenditure by renting usage from a third-party provider.
They consume resources as a service and pay only for resources that they use.
Many cloud-computing offerings use the utility computing model, which is based on
the per usage charges, whereas others bill on a subscription basis.
Cloud computing environment
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3.2 W HY CLOUD COMPUTING?
Adopting a cloud computing strategy can help businesses conduct their core
business activities with less hassle and greater efficiency. Companies can maximize
the use of their existing hardware to plan for usage. Thousands of virtual machines
and applications can be managed more easily using a cloud-like environment.
Businesses can also save on power costs as they reduce the number of servers
required. And with IT staff spending less time managing and monitoring the data
centre, IT teams are well placed to further streamline their operations as staff
complete more work on fewer machines.
4.0 UNDERSTANDING I AA S, P AA S AND S AA S
4.1 I N F R A S T R U C T U R E - A S - A -S E R V I C E - Customers use the provider's application
program interface (API) to start, stop, access and configure their virtual servers and
storage. In the enterprise, cloud computing allows a company to pay for only as
much capacity as is needed, and bring more online as soon as required. Because
this model resembles the way electricity, fuel and water are consumed; it's
sometimes referred to as utility computing. For example, Amazon Web Services
provides virtual server instances with unique IP addresses and blocks of storage on
demand.
4.2 P L A T F O R M - A S - A - S E R V I C E in the cloud is defined as a set of software and
product development tools hosted on the provider's infrastructure. Developers create
applications on the provider's platform over the Internet. PaaS providers may use
APIs, website portals or gateway software installed on the customer's computer.
Force.com and GoogleApps are examples of PaaS.
4.3 SOFTWARE-AS-A-SERVICE – In this cloud model, the vendor supplies the
hardware infrastructure, the software product and interacts with the user through a
front-end portal. Services can be anything from Web-based email to inventory control
and database processing. Because the service provider hosts both the application
and the data, the end user is free to use the service from anywhere.
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5.0 ECONOMICS
Cloud computing users can avoid capital expenditure (CapEx) on hardware,
software, and services when they pay a provider only for what they use.
Consumption is usually billed on a utility (resources consumed, like electricity)
or subscription (time-based, like a newspaper) basis. Other benefits of this time
sharing-style approach are low barriers to entry, shared infrastructure and costs, and
immediate access to a broad range of applications.
Although companies might be able to save on advance capital expenditures, they
might not save much and might actually pay more for operating expenses. In
situations where the capital expense would be relatively small, or where the
organization has more flexibility in their capital budget than their operating budget,
the cloud model might not make great sense. Other factors impacting the scale of
any potential cost savings include the efficiency of a company’s data center as
compared to the cloud vendor’s, the company's existing operating costs, the level of
adoption of cloud computing, and the type of functionality being hosted in the cloud.
6.0 ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING
• Agility improves with users' ability to rapidly and inexpensively re-provision
technological infrastructure resources.
• Cost is claimed to be greatly reduced and capital expenditure is converted
to operational expenditure. This ostensibly lowers barriers to entry, as
infrastructure is typically provided by a third-party and does not need to be
purchased for one-time or infrequent intensive computing tasks. Pricing on
a utility computing basis is fine-grained with usage-based options and fewer IT
skills are required for implementation (in-house).
• Device and location independence enable users to access systems using a
web browser regardless of their location or what device they are using (e.g., PC,
mobile). As infrastructure is off-site (typically provided by a third-party) and
accessed via the Internet, users can connect from anywhere.
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• Multi-tenancy enables sharing of resources and costs across a large pool of
users thus allowing for:
Centralization of infrastructure in locations with lower costs (such as real
estate, electricity, etc.)
Peak-load capacity increases (users need not engineer for highest
possible load-levels)
Utilization and efficiency improvements for systems that are often only 10–
20% utilized.
• Reliability improves through the use of multiple redundant sites, which makes
cloud computing suitable for business continuity and disaster
recovery. Nonetheless, many major cloud computing services have suffered
outages, and IT and business managers can at times do little when they are
affected.
• Scalability via dynamic ("on-demand") provisioning of resources on a fine-
grained, self-service basis near real-time, without users having to engineer for
peak loads. Performance is monitored, and consistent and loosely-coupled
architectures are constructed using web services as the system interface.
• Security could improve due to centralization of data, increased security-focused
resources, etc., but concerns can persist about loss of control over certain
sensitive data, and the lack of security for stored kernels. Security is often as
good as or better than under traditional systems, in part because providers are
able to devote resources to solving security issues that many customers cannot
afford. Providers typically log accesses, but accessing the audit logs themselves
can be difficult or impossible. Furthermore, the complexity of security is greatly
increased when data is distributed over a wider area and / or number of devices.
• Sustainability comes about through improved resource utilization, more efficient
systems, and carbon neutrality. Nonetheless, computers and associated
infrastructure are major consumers of energy.
• Maintenance cloud computing applications are easier to maintain, since they
don't have to be installed on each user's computer. They are easier to support
and to improve since the changes reach the clients instantly.
• Metering cloud computing resources usage should be measurable and should be
metered per client and application on daily, weekly, monthly, and annual basis.
This will enable clients on choosing the vendor cloud on cost and reliability
(QoS).
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7.0 FINDINGS
• Cloud Computing is a paradigm in which information is permanently stored in servers
on the Internet.
• The future for cloud computing is bright. The big names in computers are throwing
lots of resources into this.
• Platforms provide an on demand, always on, anywhere, anytime and any place, pay
as used and as needed.
• The whole idea behind it is resizable computing power. When you need the power,
it's there, but when you don't, you can scale back.
• It is a style of computing in which IT-related capabilities are provided "as a service",
allowing users to access technology-enabled services from the Internet without
knowledge of, expertise with, or control over the technology infrastructure that
supports them.
Networks aren't ready for mass roll out yet, and connection speeds aren't yet up to
handling this much data however even Amazon sees a bright future in cloud
computing. They have recently released a beta program called Amazon Web
Services. The bang for the buck with the Amazon program is the highest; it is almost
a pay-as-you-go plan for computing cycles.
8.0 CONCLUSION
• Since every invention, discovery of this world has certain pros and cons of ; therefore
the cloud computing technology have lots of benefits and some negative impacts as
well, which is being described in subsequent paragraphs.
• Cloud computing is the next big wave in computing. It has many benefits, such as
better hardware management, since all the computers are the same and run the
same hardware. It also provides for better and easier management of data security,
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since all the data is located on a central server, so administrators can control who
has and doesn't have access to the files.
• There are some down sides as well to cloud computing. Peripherals such as printers
or scanners might have issues dealing with the fact that there is no hard drive
attached to the physical, local machine. If there are machines a user uses at work
that aren't their own for any reason, that require access to particular drivers or
programs, it is still a struggle to get this application to know that it should be
available to the user.
• A side-effect of this approach is that overall computer usage rises dramatically, as
customers do not have to engineer for peak load limits. In addition, "increased high-
speed bandwidth" makes it possible to receive the same response times from
centralized infrastructure at other sites.
However, this technology has a promising future ahead of it.
REFERENCES
• Google App Engine – Charles Severance
• KRISTU JAYANTI COLLEGE – Proceedings on Management of Change Booklet
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