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XHTML
- 1. XHTML 1.0 Extensible HyperText Markup Language Jussi Pohjolainen Tampere University of Applied Sciences
- 2. What is XHTML? • XHTML™ 1.0 The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second EdiKon) – hMp://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/ • XHTML is a family of current and future document types and modules that reproduce, subset, and extend HTML 4 • XHTML family document types are XML based
- 3. Rules • XHTML document must follow the XML – rules (wellformed) • It must be valid against one of three DTDs – XHTML Strict • Use the strict DOCTYPE when you want really clean markup, free of presentaKonal cluMer. Use it together with CSS. – XHTML TransiKonal • Use the transiKonal DOCTYPE when you want to sKll use HTML's presentaKonal features. – XHTML Frameset • Use the frameset DOCTYPE when you want to use HTML frames. • Root element must be html – And it must contain xmlns namespace h7p://www.w3.org/ 1999/xhtml
- 4. XHTML Example <?xml version="1.0"?>! <!DOCTYPE html ! PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"! "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">! <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">! <head>! <title>Minimal XHTML 1.0 Document</title>! </head>! <body>! <p>This is a minimal <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/ xhtml1/">XHTML 1.0</a> ! document.</p>! </body>! </html>!
- 5. The DTDs <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1- transitional.dtd"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1- frameset.dtd">
- 6. Mandatory XHTML Elements <?xml version="1.0"?>! <!DOCTYPE html ! PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"! "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1- strict.dtd">! <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">! <head>! <title>Minimal XHTML 1.0 Document</title>! </head>! <body>! </body>! </html>!
- 7. Syntax: Elements • XHTML elements must be properly nested – <b><i>hello</i></b> • XHTML elements must always be closed – <br/> • XHTML elements must be in lowercase • XHTML documents must have one root element – <html>
- 8. Syntax: AMributes • AMribute names must be in lower case – <img src="picture.jpg"/> • AMribute values must be quoted – <img src="picture.jpg"/> • XHTML elements must be in lowercase • XHTML documents must have one root element – <html>
- 9. head -‐ element • One mandatory – element: Ktle – Very important: search engines, bookmarking • Meta-‐informaKon – hMp://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_meta.asp • Linking to other files (CSS)
- 10. head – element, example <?xml version="1.0"?>! <!DOCTYPE html ! PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"! "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">! <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">! <head>! <title>Minimal XHTML 1.0 Document</title>! <meta name="description" content="Simple XHTML example" />! <meta name="keywords" content="XHTML" />! <meta name="author" content="Jussi Pohjolainen" />! </head>! <body>! </body>! </html>!
- 11. Element DescripHon <p> Defines paragraph <br/> Defines a single line break <blockquote> Defines a long quotaKon <pre> Defines preformaMed text <em> Defines emphasized text <strong> Defines strong text <code> Defines computer code text <tt> Defines teletype text <i> Defines italic text <b> Defines bold text <big> Defines big text <small> Defines small text <sub> Defines subscripted text <sup> Defines superscripted text
- 12. Links • Linking outside (absolute path) – <a href="http://www.tamk.fi">TAMK</a> • Link inside the site (relaKve path) – <a href="dog.html">Info about my dog</a> • The use of Ktle – <a href="http://www.tamk.fi" title="TAMK University of Applied Sciences">TAMK</a> • How to use? See – hMp://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/webjulk/1.5.html
- 13. Images • Linking to a image – <a href="face.jpg">My Face</a> • Adding an image to the page – <img src="face.jpg" alt="Picture of me" /> • Image as a link <a href="http://www.tamk.fi"> <img src="tamk.jpg" alt="TAMK Logo" /> </a> • Use PNGs, JPEGs or GIFs
- 14. Lists • <ul> – Unordered list • <ol> – Ordered list • <dl> – DefiniKon list – <dt> – Ktle – <dd> -‐ descripKon
- 15. List Examples <ul> <dl> <li>Some text</li> <dt>term</dt> <li>Some text</li> <dd>definition</dd> </ul> <dt>term</dt> <ol> <dd>definition</dd> <li>Some text</li> </dl> <li>Some text</li> </ol>
- 16. In Browser
- 17. Tables • Table element is used to define a table <table> <tr> <th>Month</th> <th>Savings</th> </tr> <tr> <td>January</td> <td>$100</td> </tr> </table>
- 18. Table with Heading <table> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Telephone</th> <th>Mobile Phone</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Bill Gates</td> <td>555 77 854</td> <td>555 77 855</td> </tr> </table>
- 19. Combining Columns and Rows <table> <tr> <td colspan="3">WWW-sivun osat</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Rakenne</td> <td colspan="2">Asiakaslaitteesta riippuva ulkoasu ja vuorovaikutus</td> </tr> <tr> <td>XHTML</td> <td>CSS</td> <td>JavaScript</td> </tr> </table>
Hinweis der Redaktion
- http://css.maxdesign.com.au/listamatic/