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Extensible Stylesheet Language
- 1. Extensible Stylesheet Language Jussi Pohjolainen TAMK University of Applied Sciences
- 2. XSL • Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) – family of transforma-on languages • To format and / or transform XML – documents • XSL Family consists of three languages – XSL TransformaHons (XSLT) – XSL FormaIng Objects (XSL-‐FO) – XML Path Language (XPath) • All languages are W3C recommendaHons
- 3. RelaHonships with the Languages Extensible Stylesheet Language XSL TransformaHons XSL FormaIng Objects uses XML Path Language
- 4. Languages 1. XSL Transforma0ons (XSLT) – XML language for transforming XML documents 2. XSL Forma8ng Objects – XML language for specifying visual forma8ng 3. XML Path Language – A non-‐XML language used by XSLT, addressing the parts of an XML document. Also available for use in non-‐XSLT contexts
- 5. Main Idea of XSLT XSLT Processor The XSLT Processor can be client-‐ side (browser) or server-‐side (php, java..)
- 6. Without XSLT -‐ link
- 7. With XSLT -‐ link Now the XML document is linked to an external xslt document Browser is used as an XSLT processor. (client-‐ side)
- 8. XSLT • XSLT is an transforma0on language. • With XSLT you can make transformaHons: – XML -‐> XML in General: • XML -‐> XHTML • XML -‐> SVG • ... – XML -‐> HTML – XML -‐> TEXT • With XSLT you can transform a XML document to other text format (can be any).
- 9. XSL-‐FO • XSL-‐FO is a W3C Specified XML language for defining visual presentaHon. • Unified presentaHon language • No semanHc markup
- 10. Example of an XSL-‐FO Document <?xml version="1.0"?>! <fo:root xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format">! <fo:layout-master-set>! <fo:simple-page-master master-name="only">! <fo:region-body/>! </fo:simple-page-master>! </fo:layout-master-set>! <fo:page-sequence master-reference="only">! <fo:flow flow-name="xsl-region-body">! <fo:block font-size="20pt" font-family="serif" line- height="30pt">! Jussi Pohjolainen! </fo:block>! <fo:block color="red" font-size="30pt" font-family="serif">! jussi.pohjolainen(at)tamk.fi! </fo:block>! </fo:flow>! </fo:page-sequence>! </fo:root>! !
- 11. Transforming XSL-‐FO -‐ document • Once XSL-‐FO document is generated, it is passed to a FO processor. • FO Processor converts the document into something that is readible, printable or both. – Most common output is PDF, PS, RTF. • FO Processors? – XEP, XSLForma_er, XINC and FOP
- 12. Example: XSL-‐FO and Processor XS Processor The possible output formats depends of the features of the XS processor. For example, Apache FOP supports only PDF
- 13. GeneraHng FO documents • XSL-‐FO Documents are not meant to be implemented by the programmer. • XSL-‐FO Documents are generated • Well Who / What generates XSL FO Documents? – It's result of an XSLT – transformaHon
- 14. Main Idea of XSLT: XML -‐> XHTML XSLT Processor The XSLT Processor can be client-‐ side (browser) or server-‐side (php, java..)
- 15. Main Idea of XSLT: XML -‐> FO XSLT Processor Now the books.xml is transformed into XSL FO language...
- 16. Example: XSL-‐FO and Processor XS Processor And if you have an fo-‐document, you can transform it to pdf (for example)
- 17. XSL-‐FO Process in Whole XSLT Processor XS Processor
- 18. Example • ConverHng XML to PDF using PHP and Apache FOP • Apache FOP – h_p://xmlgraphics.apache.org/fop/ • Must be installed in your server – It is NOT installed in TAMK Environment
- 19. XSL-‐FO Process in Whole PHP FOP
- 20. PHP Code <?php! // load xslt-file! $xslDoc = new DOMDocument();! $xslDoc->load("books_to_fo.xslt");! ! // load source xml-file! $xmlDoc = new DOMDocument();! $xmlDoc->load("books.xml");! ! // Make transformation! $proc = new XSLTProcessor();! $proc->importStylesheet($xslDoc);! $booksFo = $proc->transformToXML($xmlDoc);! ! // Save the fo document to a file! file_put_contents("books.fo", $booksFo);! ! // Use fop to create the pdf! shell_exec("fop books.fo books.pdf");! ?>!
- 21. XSLT AND XPATH
- 22. RelaHonships with the Languages Extensible Stylesheet Language XSL TransformaHons XSL FormaIng Objects uses XML Path Language
- 23. XPath • Before learning the basics of XSLT, let's look at XPath – XPath is a non-‐XML language that is used with XSLT. – XPath is used also in other languages, like XPointer • XPath is a language for selec0ng elements, or nodes, from an XML – document
- 24. SelecHng Nodes? <?xml version="1.0"?>! <A>! <B>! <C></C>! </B>! </A>! ! <!-- Let's select C -->! /A/B/C! ! XPath
- 25. SelecHng Nodes (W3schools) Expression Descrip0on nodename Selects all child nodes of the named node / Selects from the root node // Selects nodes in the document from the current node that match the selecHon no ma_er where they are . Selects the current node .. Selects the parent of the current node @ Selects a_ributes
- 26. Examples (W3schools) Expression Descrip0on /bookstore Selects the root element bookstore bookstore/book Selects all book elements that are children of bookstore //book Selects all book elements no ma_er where they are in the document bookstore//book Selects all book elements that are descendant of the bookstore element, no ma_er where they are under the bookstore element //@lang Selects all a_ributes that are named lang
- 27. More Examples /bookstore/book[1] ! /bookstore/book[last()]! /bookstore/book[last()-1]! /bookstore/book[position()<3]! //title[@lang]! //title[@lang='eng']! /bookstore/book[price>35.00]! /bookstore/book[price>35.00]/title!
- 28. Example of an XSLT-‐transformaHon: XML-‐file <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>! <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="transform.xslt"?>! <book>! <title>Programming with Java</title>! </book>!
- 29. Example of an XSLT-‐transformaHon: XSLT-‐file <?xml version="1.0"?>! <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/ XSL/Transform">! ! <xsl:output method="text" indent="yes" encoding="utf-8"/>! ! <xsl:template match="/">! Title: <xsl:value-of select="/book/title"/>! </xsl:template>! ! </xsl:stylesheet> !
- 30. Result: Simple text – file.. Title: Programming with Java!
- 31. Making the TransformaHon 1. Implement a xml-‐document 2. Implement a xslt-‐document 3. Link these two together 4. Output the result with some processor – Browser, XML-‐editor, PHP, Java..
- 32. XSLT-‐transformaHon with PHP 5 <?php! // Load the transformation file! $xslt = new domDocument();! $xslt->load("transformation.xslt");! ! // Load the source xml file! $myXML = new DomDocument();! $myXML->load("original.xml");! ! // Add the transformation file to XSLTProcessor! $proc = new XSLTProcessor();! $proc->importStylesheet($xslt);! ! // Transform the xml and output the result! print $proc->transformToXml($myXML);! ?>!
- 33. Examples of XSLT <?xml version="1.0"?>! <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http:// www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">! ! <xsl:output method="text" indent="yes" encoding="utf-8"/>! ! <xsl:template match="/">! Title: <xsl:value-of select="/book/title"/>! </xsl:template>! ! </xsl:stylesheet> !
- 34. Examples of XSLT <?xml version="1.0"?>! <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/ XSL/Transform">! ! <xsl:output method="html" indent="yes" encoding="utf-8"/>! ! <xsl:template match="/">! <html><head><title></title></head>! <body> ! <h1>Title: <xsl:value-of select="/book/title"/></h1>! </body>! </html>! </xsl:template>! </xsl:stylesheet> !
- 35. Result of Previous XSLT <html><head><title></title></head>! <body> ! <h1>Title: Programming with Java</h1>! </body>! </html> Is this valid xhtml?
- 36. Be_er Version <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>! <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/ Transform">! <xsl:output method="xml" indent="yes" encoding="utf-8"! doctype-system="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"! doctype-public="-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" />! ! <xsl:template match="/">! <html><head><title>Example</title></head>! <body>! <h1>Title: <xsl:value-of select="/book/title"/></h1>! </body>! </html>! </xsl:template>! </xsl:stylesheet>!
- 37. <xsl:value-‐of select="XPath"/> • With <xsl:value-‐of> you can select an element from the source file • The value of the select a_ribute is XPath expression – <xsl:value-‐of select="books/book/name"/>
- 38. for-‐each <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>! <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/ Transform">! <xsl:output method="xml" indent="yes" encoding="utf-8"! doctype-system="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"! doctype-public="-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" />! ! <xsl:template match="/">! <html><head><title>Example</title></head>! <body>! <xsl:for-each select="/books/book">! <p><xsl:value-of select="title"/></p>! Repeat for every </xsl:for-each>! book.. </body>! </html>! </xsl:template>! </xsl:stylesheet>!
- 39. sort <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>! <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/ Transform">! <xsl:output method="xml" indent="yes" encoding="utf-8"! doctype-system="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"! doctype-public="-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" />! ! <xsl:template match="/">! <html><head><title>Example</title></head>! Repeat for every <body>! book.. <xsl:for-each select="/books/book">! <xsl:sort select="price" order="ascending"/>! <p><xsl:value-of select="title"/></p>! </xsl:for-each>! </body>! ..and sort them by </html>! price </xsl:template>! </xsl:stylesheet>!
- 40. Why this doesn't work? <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>! <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/ Transform">! <xsl:output method="xml" indent="yes" encoding="utf-8"! doctype-system="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"! doctype-public="-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" />! ! <xsl:template match="/">! <html><head><title>Example</title></head>! <body>! <img src="<xsl:value-of select="books/book/url"/>" />! </body>! </html>! </xsl:template>! What's wrong with </xsl:stylesheet>! this line?
- 41. Using a_ribute <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>! <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/ Transform">! <xsl:output method="xml" indent="yes" encoding="utf-8"! doctype-system="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"! doctype-public="-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" />! ! <xsl:template match="/">! <html><head><title>Example</title></head>! <body>! <img>! <xsl:attribute name="src">! <xsl:value-of select="books/book/url"/>! </xsl:attribute>! </img> ! </body>! </html>! </xsl:template>! </xsl:stylesheet>!