1. Era of Good Feelings
 The War of 1812 was a
second war of
independence
 Confirmed once and for all
the American break with
England.

2. Era of Good Feelings
 Low national debt and a
large continent awaiting
exploration
 The prospect of peace,
prosperity, and social
progress opened before the
nation.

3. Era of Good Feelings
 Westerners advocated a
national system of roads
and canals to link them
with Eastern cities and
ports, and to open frontier
lands for settlement.

4. Era of Good Feelings
 However, they were
unsuccessful in pressing
their demands for a federal
role in internal
improvements

5. Economic Nationalism
 Create a new national bank
 Protect American manufactures from foreign
competition
 Building canals and roads to improve transportation

6. The Second Bank
 Established after the War
of 1812.
 Created in 1816
 Given power to
• issue notes for
national currency
• control state banks

7. The Second Bank
 Republicans opposed the
bank
 State banks grew and
charged higher rates

8. Era of Good Feelings
 Commerce would cement
national unity.
 The effects of war showed
that protecting the
manufacturers of America
was needed until they
could stand alone against
foreign competition.

9. Era of Good Feelings
 Economic independence,
many argued, was as
essential as political
independence.
 Some urged a policy of
protectionism – imposition
of restrictions on imported
goods to foster the
development of American
industry.

10. Tariff and Transportation
 Embargo of 1807
had helped
American industry
• British goods were
cheaper after the
war

11. Tariff of 1816
• Protective tariff ,
temporary
• Taxed imports to make
them more expensive

12. Tariff of 1816
• Difficult transition from war
time to peacetime
• Opposed by southern cotton
farmers
• NE shippers would not
benefit as much - but as a
whole they would

13. Tariff and Transportation
 Federal internal improvement plan
 Madison vetoed
 Nothing in the Constitution about spending money this way
 Private enterprises were begun

14. Judicial Nationalism
 The position of the federal government at this time was greatly
strengthened by several Supreme Court decisions.
 A committed Federalist, John Marshall of Virginia, became chief
justice in 1801 and held office until his death in 1835. The court –
weak before his administration – was transformed into a powerful
tribunal, occupying a position co-equal to the Congress and the
president. In a succession of historic decisions, Marshall established
the power of the Supreme Court and strengthened the national
government.

15. Judicial Nationalism
 John Marshall
 Chief Justice for thirty-four
years.
 Remembered for the landmark
decisions he made while Chief
Justice of the United States
 Decisions that have shaped the
country in important and
historic ways.

16.  Marshall was the first in a long line of Supreme Court justices whose
decisions have molded the meaning and application of the
Constitution. When he finished his long service, the court had
decided nearly 50 cases clearly involving constitutional issues. In one
of Marshall's most famous opinions – Marbury v. Madison (1803) – he
decisively established the right of the Supreme Court to review the
constitutionality of any law of Congress or of a state legislature. In
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), he boldly upheld the Hamiltonian
theory that the Constitution by implication gives the government
powers beyond those expressly stated.

17. John Marshall
 His landmark decisions did
much to strengthen the judicial
branch of government
 Defined the 3 branch system
basic to the American system of
government.
 Many scholars hold that
Marshall was the founder of
constitutional law and the
doctrine of judicial review.
(Marbury vs. Madison)

18. McCulloh v. Maryland (1819)
• Court ruled that Congress had implied powers create
the Second Bank of the United States
• The state of Maryland lacked the power to tax the
Bank.
• Gave Congress broad discretionary power to
implement the enumerated powers, but also
repudiated, the radical states' rights arguments

19. Gibbons v.Ogden (1824)
• Vastly expanded the powers of Congress through a single
clause in the Constitution: the Commerce Clause of
Article I, Section 8.
• The Court ruled that under that clause Congress had
powers to regulate any aspect of commerce that crossed
state lines
• Such regulation preempted conflicting regulation by the
states.

20. Martin v. Hunter Lessee (1816)
• The Court has the authority to hear all appeals of state
court decisions in cases of federal statutes and treaties
• Court is the nation’s last court of appeal

21. Nationalist Diplomacy
 The US looks to expand it borders
 Jackson Invasion of Florida (slave expedition)
• Florida was Spanish territory, US law did not apply
• Creek – Seminole begin to attack GA from Florida
• Spain could not control the border – US must
do something

22. Spanish Florida
 For years, southern plantation
owners and white farmers in
Georgia, Alabama, and South
Carolina had lost runaway
slaves to the Florida swamps.
 Seminole and Creek Indians
offered refuge to these slaves
and led raids against white
settlers in the border regions.
 The U.S. government could do
little about the problem because
the swamps lay deep within
Spanish Florida.

23. Spanish Florida
 If the United States moved
decisively against the
Seminoles, it would risk war
with Spain.
 The US had tried to convince
Spain to cede the territory on
various occasions
 President Monroe sent General
Andrew Jackson to the Florida
border in 1818 to stop the
incursions.

24. Spanish Florida
 Jackson's troops invaded
Florida
 captured a Spanish fort,
 took control of Pensacola
 deposed the Spanish
governor.
 He executed two British
citizens whom he accused of
having incited the Seminoles
to raid American settlements.

25. Nationalist Diplomacy
 John Quincy Adams backs Jackson and blames Spain
• It shows the lack of control Spain had over the region.
• Spain in the midst of serious internal problems
• Spain’s colonies in Latin American were on the brink of
revolution
• Spain understood that the United States could seize the
territory at will.

26. Adams-Onis Treaty 1819
• Drew a definite border between Spanish land and the
Louisiana Territory
• Spain retained possession of Texas, California and the region
of New Mexico.
• Spain relinquishes its claims to the country of Oregon north of
the 42 degrees parallel
• US agreed to pay its citizens’ claims against Spain up to $5
Million.
• If a European nation tried to control or interfere with a nation
in the Western Hemisphere, the United States would view it as
a hostile act against this nation

28. Monroe Doctrine 1823
• Spanish colonies were in
revolution
• Quadruple Alliance
• The Concert of Europe
1815
• To enforce the
decisions of the
Congress of Vienna.

29. Monroe Doctrine 1823
• Its main priorities were to
• Establish a balance of
power
• Preserving the
territorial status quo
• To protect "legitimate"
governments.
• Major roadblock to
countries decision to
intervene in Latin
American revolutions

30. Monroe Doctrine 1823
• Britain's refused to do so
• Reasoned that it would
lose trade profit from the
Spanish if the rebellions
were ended
• From nationalistic interest
refused to cooperate.
• Britain look to issue a joint
statement

31. Monroe Doctrine 1823
• US wants to go it alone
• The United States would
not get involved in
European affairs.
• The United States would
not interfere with existing
European colonies in the
Western Hemisphere.
• No other nation could
form a new colony in the
Western Hemisphere.