11. 4. Factors that influence runoff: A. type of land B. slope C. amount of rain D. time span in which rain falls E. amount of vegetation F. climate/temperature
12. 5. __________- a stream or river that flows into a larger river tributary
13. 6. ____________- also called a______________ the LAND that supplies water to a river system; the land from which a river collects __________ watershed drainage basin runoff
30. 11. ________- the place where an organism lives and obtains all the things needed to survive habitat
31. 12. ________-a lake (manmade or natural) that stores water for human use reservoir
32. wetlands 13. _________- land covered with water all or part of the year (marshes, swamps, or bogs)
33. 14. ________- where mouth of a river opens to the ocean; fresh and salt water mix estuary Not as salty Nutrientrich Important habitat
34. Why is an estuary like a… Sponge? An estuary soaks up water. As excess rains flood rivers and streams, wetlands form to absorb water that may otherwise flood dry living areas needed by both animals and people. Hotel? As birds migrate hundreds and thousands of miles across North America, they stop in marshes and estuaries to eat and rest before continuing on their journey. Egg beater? A coastal wetland is a place for nutrient-rich freshwater from a river or stream to mix with saltwater from the bays. As plants photosynthesize, oxygen is added to the mix. Fishes and shellfish take advantage of this life-giving soup. Cradle? An estuary provides a protective haven for young animals: plenty of food and places to hide from predators. Sea grasses and other vegetation give cover.
35. Strainer? The grasses of an estuary act like a sieve. Soil, branches, leaves, and even trash that has washed into the estuary are strained. This allows cleaner water to pass on downstream and into the Gulf of Mexico. Cereal? Plants absorb nutrients and help cycle them through the food web. As the grasses of the estuaries decay, or rot, a nutritious food for animals and fertilizer for other plant life are supplied. Soap? Estuaries trap, neutralize, and decompose sewage and other wastes. Excess nutrients and chemical toxins are absorbed as well. Through chemical reactions and processing by plants, water is cleaned before it passes downstream.
38. water table 17. _____________- upper surface of the zone of saturation
39. Zone of saturation _________________ -area where water fills up a permeable layer.
40. Zone of aeration B. ___________________- area of crust filled with air
41. 18. __________ underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water aquifer
42.
43. spring 19._____________- where the water table is close to the Earth’s surface, water may ooze out to form a spring; ____________- form when groundwater comes in contact with hot underground rocks. hot springs
44. 20. ___________ - water under pressure raises to the surface because of the abundance of water in an aquifer. artesian well
48. young stream A. ___________ moves _______, may have white water rapids and waterfalls; high level of energy; erodes ________ swiftly bottom sides faster than the ______
49. ___________________flows less swiftly; erodes waterfall rocks away; more gentle gradient; begins to _____________ (curve back and forth) mature stream meander
50. old stream C. __________flows slowly through a floodplain; has ______ meanders wide