1. Goal 11 Part 3
JFK Presidency 1960-1963

2. Election of 1960
 John F. Kennedy (DEM.)
defeated Richard M. Nixon (REP)
Reasons:
(1) JFK supported Civil Rights Movement
(2) First televised debates
1960 election:
Closest in History

3. Kennedy’s Domestic / Foreign Policy
***************** New Frontier ******************
- programs to (1) improve the economy, (2) assist the poor (3)
advance the American space program and (4) international
aid
Best and the Brightest – JFK's advisors
Flexible response: Kennedy’s plan to
take money out of Nuclear warheads
and put it in military = Green Berets
(Downsizing nuclear warfare)
Complete opposite of Eisenhower

4. Crisis in Cuba
 Fidel Castro –
was openly a communist and
welcomed support from the Soviet Union
 How Castro take over in Cuba
 Promise of democracy
to the Cuban people/ could
end poverty and many other
problems
 Leads a revolution over Batista (1959)

5. ***** THE BAY OF PIGS ******
(1961) - Kennedy
 A “FAILED” / “Miscalculated” invasion of
Cuba to overthrow Castro
 Effect: made America look BAD!!!

6. CUBAN MISSLE CRISIS
 Situation: Soviet Union
had missiles stationed in Cuba
 Result: AMERICAN HYSTERIA / PANIC
 Response: America put missiles in Turkey
*2 Countries that were “directly” connected to
the Cuban Missile Crisis
(1) Soviet Union
(2) U.S.
 NOT CUBA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

8. Foreign problems with JFK
 Bay of Pigs
 Cuban Missile Crisis
*Berlin Wall = 1961
increased tensions in
Europe
(physical Iron curtain?)
Purpose: to stop
“refugees” from EAST Berlin fleeing into WEST Berlin
(East Berliners wanted to be free of Communism)
*Ugly symbol of Communism – Berlin Wall is
destroyed in 1989

10. Ways to ease the tension in the Cold
War / Kennedy and Khrushchev
(1) Hot Line
direct phone line between S.U. and U.S.
(2) Limited Test Ban Treaty
banning above-ground testing of nuclear
weapons (U.S. and S.U.)

11. New Frontier (Space program)
Space Program
- NASA-
* Created as a result of the launching of SPUTNIK
Yuri Gagarin = (1st human in space) – S.U.
Alan Shepard (1st American in space)
RACE to the MOON
- U.S. wins = Neil Armstrong (1st man on the moon)
MAJOR RESULT: Colleges and universities all over
America increased their emphasis on science and other
courses that could advance America (in that nature)

12. Kennedy’s New Frontier
 Point: to address POVERTY abroad
(International Aid)
(1) Peace Corps
- a program of volunteer assistance to the
developing countries in Asia, Africa, and
Latin America (HUGE SUCCESS)
(2) Alliance for Progress
- another foreign aid program
PURPOSE: Improve relations with
Latin America
*BOTH = THINK John F. Kennedy

13. Tragedy in Dallas
 November 22, 1963 (JFK is assassinated)
 Lee Harvey Oswald
 Communist living in Cuba, was arrested
Oswald = shot and killed by Jack Ruby (nightclub owner) while he
was being transferred to prison
*** Warren Commission ***
- investigative agency on the JFK assassination
(ton of conspiracies)

15. Explain “ONE” major result of each event listed below:
(Keep it simply accurate)
Kennedy election in 1960
Kennedy’s “New Frontier”
Bay of Pigs invasion
Cuban Missile Crisis
Berlin Wall construction
Peace Corps / Alliance for Progress
U.S. Victory in Race to the Moon
Johnson’s Great Society