1. Goal 11Part 1
Cold War (1945-1991 - “downfall” of S.U)
Post WWII

2. After WWII
 2 major “SUPER POWERS” after WWII
 United States and Soviet Union
U.S. = capitalist / private ownership of business /
spread democracy all over the world / reunite
Germany *Europe = more productive
*(New World Order)
S.U. = communism / government ownership of
business / rebuild Eastern Europe

3. U.S Aims vs. Soviet Aims for Europe
U.S.
- New World Order (self-determination / rights)
- Rebuild Europe to ensure democracy
- Reunite Germany (security)
Soviet Union
- Encourage communism
- Control Eastern Europe to balance Western influence
(America)
- Keep Germany divided (keep it weak) so it would
never threaten Soviet Union (scared)

4. Potsdam Conference (1945)
 *BIG THREE - United States, Britain, and Soviet Union meet in Berlin
 Problem: We found out Stalin “LIED” about the “free democratic
elections” in Poland! (what conference)
= “NO ELECTIONS IN POLAND”
Truman’s reaction: ANGRY!
(no democracy in Europe)
* Potsdam Conference – seen
as the OFFICIAL beginning of
the Cold War (1945-1991)

5. Germany after WWII
 4 Sections (Fr./ U.S./ S.U. / Br.) (YALTA)
 Reparations will only be taken from owner’s section
 Problem: America wanted eastern part of Europe
for raw materials
 Note: Industry skyrocketed during WWII for America!
(wanted to continue)

6. Soviets Tighten Their Grip on Eastern
Europe
***Satellite Nations***
Eastern European
countries dominated
by the Soviet Union
after WWII
-sets up the
“IRON CURTAIN”
W =_______________
E = _______________

7. Iron Curtain
 A phrase that came to stand
for the division of Europe after WWII
 Churchill's
“IRON CURTAIN SPEECH”
- delivered in the U.S.
(spoke of the division of Europe!)
Solution = “CONTAINMENT”
**CONTAINMENT = American
Foreign Policy throughout
The Cold War (NO MORE NEUTRAILTY)

8. Containment & Germany
 To take ANY measure possible to STOP the
spread of Communism!
(NO LONGER NEUTRALITY)
***Truman's / America’s OFFICIAL
foreign policy for the Cold War
Germany (@ this point)
- Split (Eastern and Western)
Eastern = Soviet Union influence
Western = United States / Fr / Br influence

9. COLD WAR (1945 – 1991)
 Started by conflicting aims by the U.S. and Soviet
Union in Europe after WWII
 Cold War – SOVIET UNION v. U.S.
(NEVER DIRECTLY CONFRONTED ON
BATTLEFIELDS!)
Truman Doctrine: March 12, 1947
- assistance to countries threatened by communism
First steps in “Containment”
Go to (1) Turkey and (2) Greece to prevent
Communist takeovers

10. Truman Doctrine
 Truman asks Congress for $400 Million aid
for Turkey and Greece
 Congress agreed!
 Result: weakened
the “threat” of
Communist takeovers!

11. Marshall Plan
- George Marshall (WAAC)
- Providing economic aid to
- Europe / Extension to
what was given in the Truman Doctrine
- 16 Western European countries were
flourishing! (help from U.S.)
Result: Eastern Europe / Communist Party
started to deflate!!!! (lost support)

13. BERLIN AIRLIFT
 Location: East Germany
Problem: COMMUNIST territory
U.S. wants to HELP/resources
Democratic Alliances introduced the Deutsche Mark
(German currency until Euro is adopted in 2002)
 Stalin’s reaction: closed roads
 WHY?????
 Leads to the BERLIN AIRLIFT
U.S / BR. Attempt to “fly” supplies over blocked roads to
Berlin
327 days in a row / 277,000 flights / 2.3 tons fop supplies
Main Result of Berlin Airlift: Stalin lifted road blockades
Main objective: to stop the spread of communism

14. NATO Alliance /
Cold War beginning
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949-
 Created directly after WWII
 A defensive military strategy
 (U.S. / Fr. / Br. / Canada and others…)
 Goal: support for one another
North American military forces in Western Europe
against the spread of COMMUNISM
Cold War beginning = made U.S. realize
isolationism is not the answer!