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Pharmacology of the GIT system pinoynursing.webkotoh.com
LECTURE Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 16.1
Fig. 16.10a
Fig. 16.10b
Fig. 16.11a
Fig. 16.11b
Fig. 16.12
Drugs affecting GI secretions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Drugs affecting secretions:  anti ulcer Misoprostol Prostaglandin analog Sucralfate Mucosal protectants Omeprazole Proton pump inhibitors AlOH and MgOH Antacids Cimetidine Histamine (H2) receptor antagonist/blockers Prototype Anti-ulcer drugs
General indication of the drugs affecting gastric acid secretion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
General time of administration of the drugs affecting gastric acid secretion Misoprostol  WITH MEALS Prostaglandin analog Sucralfate  BEFORE MEALS Mucosal protectants Omeprazole  BEFORE MEALS Proton pump inhibitors AlOH and MgOH  Usually after meals Antacids Cimetidine  With FOOD or ONE  hour after ANTACID  Histamine (H2) receptor antagonist/blockers Prototype  Best time to give Anti-ulcer drugs
Pharmacodynamics ,[object Object],[object Object]
Drugs affecting GI secretions ,[object Object],[object Object]
Drugs affecting GI secretions ,[object Object],[object Object]
Drugs affecting GI secretions ,[object Object],[object Object]
Drugs affecting GI secretions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Histamine 2 receptor blockers
The H2 Blockers-  “tidines” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The H2 Blockers- “tidines” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The H2 Blockers- “tidines” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The H2 Blockers- “tidines” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The H2 Blockers- “tidines” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The H2 Blockers- “tidines” ,[object Object],[object Object]
The H2 Blockers- “tidines” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The H2 Blockers- “tidines” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The H2 Blockers- “tidines” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The H2 Blockers- “tidines” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The H2 Blockers- “tidines” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Antacids
The Antacids ,[object Object]
The Antacids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Antacids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Antacids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Antacids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Antacids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Antacids ,[object Object],[object Object]
The Antacids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Antacids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Antacids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Antacids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
proton-pump inhibitors
The PPI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The PPI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The PPI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The PPI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The PPI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The PPI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The PPI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The PPI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mucosal protectants
The Mucosal Protectant ,[object Object],[object Object]
Sucralfate ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sucralfate ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sucralfate ,[object Object],[object Object]
The Mucosal Protectant ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Mucosal Protectant ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Mucosal Protectant ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Mucosal Protectant ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Mucosal Protectant ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Prostaglandin analogue
Prostaglandin analogue ,[object Object],[object Object]
Prostaglandin analogue ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Prostaglandin analogue ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Prostaglandin analogue ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Prostaglandin analogue ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Prostaglandin analogue ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Prostaglandin analogue ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
laxatives
Laxatives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Laxatives ,[object Object],[object Object]
Laxatives Lubricating the intestinal material to promote passage through the  GIT Docusate Mineral oil  Lubricants Increased fluid content of the fecal material causing stimulation of the local reflex Lactulose Mechanical (bulk) stimulants Direct stimulation of the GIT nerves  Irritant laxatives Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) Chemical stimulants Action Prototype Type
Therapeutic Indications of the Laxatives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Contraindications in Laxative use ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chemical Stimulant Cathartics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chemical Stimulant Cathartics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mechanical Stimulant Cathartics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mechanical Stimulant Cathartics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lubricants-Stool softener ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lubricants-stool softeners ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pharmacokinetics:  Common Side-effects of the Laxatives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Nursing Process and Laxative ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Nursing Process and Laxative ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Nursing Process and Laxative ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Nursing Process and Laxative ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Nursing Process and Laxative ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Nursing Process and Laxative ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Anti-diarrheals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Anti-diarrheals Stops GIT spasm by CNS action Opium derivatives (paregoric) Central acting agent Directly inhibits the intestinal muscle activity to  SLOW peristalsis Loperamide Local anti-motility Locally coats the lining of the GIT to  soothe irritation Bismuth subsalicylate Local reflex inhibitor Action Prototype Type
Clinical Indications of drug use ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Contraindications of anti-diarrheal Use ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pharmacokinetics: Side effects ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nursing process and anti-diarrheals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nursing process and anti-diarrheals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nursing process and anti-diarrheals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nursing process and anti-diarrheals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Emetic and anti-emetics
Emetics and Anti-emetics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
EMETIC ,[object Object]
EMETIC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
EMETIC ,[object Object],[object Object]
EMETIC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
EMETIC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nursing process and the EMETIC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nursing process and the EMETIC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nursing process and the EMETIC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nursing process and the EMETIC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Anti-Emetics
ANTI-EMETICS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ANTIEMETICS Dronabinol, hydroxyzine Miscellaneous “ setron”-  dolasetron Serotonin Receptor blockers Meclizine, buclizine Anticholinergics and Antihistaminics Metoclopramide Non-phenothiazines Prochlorperazine, Promethazine Phenothiazines Common examples Anti-emetic types
ANTIEMETICS Act in the CNS , either in the medulla or in the cortex Miscellaneous Centrally and locally inhibits the serotonin receptors Serotonin receptor blockers Block the transmission of the impulses to the medulla Anticholinergics Reduces the responsiveness of the nerve cell in the medulla; also blocks the dopamine receptors Non-phenothiazine Centrally block the vomiting center in the medulla  Phenothiazines Pharmacodynamics Types
ANTIEMETICS N/V associated with chemotherapy Miscellaneous  N/V associated with chemotherapy Serotonin-receptor Blockers N/V associated with motion sickness Anticholinergics N/V associated with chemical stimulation Non-phenothiazine N/V associated with anesthesia, intractable hiccups Phenothiazines Clinical Use Types
ANTIEMETICS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ANTIEMETICS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ANTIEMETICS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ANTIEMETICS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nursing Process and the ANTIEMETICS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nursing Process and the ANTIEMETICS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nursing Process and the ANTIEMETICS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nursing Process and the ANTIEMETICS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nursing Process and the ANTIEMETICS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nursing Process and the ANTIEMETICS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
End

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Pharmacology Git Drugs

  • 1. Pharmacology of the GIT system pinoynursing.webkotoh.com
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  • 10. Drugs affecting secretions: anti ulcer Misoprostol Prostaglandin analog Sucralfate Mucosal protectants Omeprazole Proton pump inhibitors AlOH and MgOH Antacids Cimetidine Histamine (H2) receptor antagonist/blockers Prototype Anti-ulcer drugs
  • 11.
  • 12. General time of administration of the drugs affecting gastric acid secretion Misoprostol WITH MEALS Prostaglandin analog Sucralfate BEFORE MEALS Mucosal protectants Omeprazole BEFORE MEALS Proton pump inhibitors AlOH and MgOH Usually after meals Antacids Cimetidine With FOOD or ONE hour after ANTACID Histamine (H2) receptor antagonist/blockers Prototype Best time to give Anti-ulcer drugs
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  • 72. Laxatives Lubricating the intestinal material to promote passage through the GIT Docusate Mineral oil Lubricants Increased fluid content of the fecal material causing stimulation of the local reflex Lactulose Mechanical (bulk) stimulants Direct stimulation of the GIT nerves Irritant laxatives Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) Chemical stimulants Action Prototype Type
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  • 89. The Anti-diarrheals Stops GIT spasm by CNS action Opium derivatives (paregoric) Central acting agent Directly inhibits the intestinal muscle activity to SLOW peristalsis Loperamide Local anti-motility Locally coats the lining of the GIT to soothe irritation Bismuth subsalicylate Local reflex inhibitor Action Prototype Type
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  • 110. ANTIEMETICS Dronabinol, hydroxyzine Miscellaneous “ setron”- dolasetron Serotonin Receptor blockers Meclizine, buclizine Anticholinergics and Antihistaminics Metoclopramide Non-phenothiazines Prochlorperazine, Promethazine Phenothiazines Common examples Anti-emetic types
  • 111. ANTIEMETICS Act in the CNS , either in the medulla or in the cortex Miscellaneous Centrally and locally inhibits the serotonin receptors Serotonin receptor blockers Block the transmission of the impulses to the medulla Anticholinergics Reduces the responsiveness of the nerve cell in the medulla; also blocks the dopamine receptors Non-phenothiazine Centrally block the vomiting center in the medulla Phenothiazines Pharmacodynamics Types
  • 112. ANTIEMETICS N/V associated with chemotherapy Miscellaneous N/V associated with chemotherapy Serotonin-receptor Blockers N/V associated with motion sickness Anticholinergics N/V associated with chemical stimulation Non-phenothiazine N/V associated with anesthesia, intractable hiccups Phenothiazines Clinical Use Types
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  • 123. End