1. FILIPINO VALUES: ITS UNIVERSALITY WITH HUMAN DIGNITY
No. 4 Reporter
By: Mr. Roderico Y. Dumaug, Jr.
I. Introduction
Human values are not only necessary but are also indispensable factors in the study of
management and administration. Organization’s success is dependent on the organizational culture it
adopted and practice for time. The type of culture, in order to be successful, is also a function of the
values of all its stakeholders.
The trend now, which is generally recognized, is to analyze and consider the common values of
the workers, managers and all members of the organization instead of adopting foreign values to form
into an organizational culture and is adopted by or may be imposed upon every member of the
organization.
Filipino values are associated with the basic concept of man and the recognition of human
dignity. These are, in fact, aligned with the universally accepted human values especially among civilized
and democratic nations. Studies of indigenous core Filipino values which are determined through our
language and local dialects are currently continuing in order for us to understand the Filipino psyche, the
Filipino type of leadership, the Filipinos that are to be led and the type Filipino clientele.
The use of Filipino values in Philippine management and administration is therefore very
important especially in Philippine setting to ensure (1) absence of conflict between local and foreign
values, (2) development of a particular Filipino organizational behavior and (3) unity of values and
organizational culture fitting among Filipino leaders and stakeholder.
II. Man and Values
Values defined the very purpose and the direction of the life of man. They are good, important,
necessary and desirable in life. As part of man’s existence, they also provide significance to what an
organization is. When values are chosen, men in societies and organizations will tend to live a
purposeful, meaningful and satisfying life. Values can be learned and acquired through actual practice.
Knowing the objectivity of values is very important since it requires a person to act on it and
failure to respond to the call of the values, it is not actually the values that are destroyed but it is the
man himself.
Quality of life is obtain because of our values and they are part of our life being the one that
impels to act, basis for our commitments and the grounds and standards for our manners, behavior and
even expression, the norms and the principles of our lives and the criteria in appreciating beauty and
other aesthetic considerations and other economic utilities.
Through values, it generate and ought-to-be and an ought-to-do which are the basis for our
responsibilities, obligations, beliefs and attitudes without being similar with those concepts.
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2. An author, Martin Buber, provides that man is always in dialogue with the world. The inner
being of man has a component of a being of response and ability, and it is freedom which is the
precondition of man’s response to another, whether such is another human being, a thing, a particular
event or in his belief of God. Buber further reiterates that the opposite of constraint is actually a
communion meaning for man to be free is to be a person able to respond to the call of communion.
Values are therefore experienced in a particular dialogic relationship of man as a being and as a person.
Animals on the other hand are compelled by their biological need with the force of a natural physical
law to satisfy their animalistic necessities but with values it calls for a free response from man. Hence,
the experience of values is actually the experience of man. The notion that values are created may not
be true but it is discovered by man himself in his participation with the world.
There are three diverse acts of man that makes him a unique person and these are (1) the act of
reflection or our being a thinking man, (2) of the acts of ideation or abstraction, as our coming in as an
essence from our being part of existence, and (3) the act of loving. Of the three, the last is the most
important character of man as a person for man is really capable of loving. To love and even to hate are
the basic acts of men of which all its other are coming from them. A person is one through what she
loves and hates.
Loving and hating are actually actions of the heart directed towards certain values and they are
geared towards certain hierarchy of values. Hatred is not the opposite of love but it is Apathy and in the
hierarchy of values, love direct us towards higher values while hatred to lower values.
In the hierarchy of values, the sensory values refer generally to what is pleasant and unpleasant,
of technical and luxury values. Next to that are the vital values of what are noble and vulgar and these
are what we called the values of civilization. The spiritual values of justice and injustice, of truth and
falsehood and our appreciation of beauty and ugliness are the next to sensory and vital values. The
highest are the values of what are holy and unholy. The spiritual and the holy values are values that
refer to our being man and spirit.
The above enumerated order or ranking of values are subjectively appreciated based on man’s
concrete realization of the different kinds of values. Like hatred, it is a confusion of the heart for it
wrongly changes the ranking of values. According to Scheles, what is good (positive) and evil (negative)
cannot be found in the ranking of values but rather in their realization. An action is good if it chooses
higher positive value rather than a lower or a negative value. In like manner, an action is evil if it prefers
a lower or negative value instead of a higher or positive one. Logically, without action and man who act
on it there is actually no moral good or evil will happen. Hence, moral values are actually personal values
for they came from man himself. If what is good is actually a realization of higher values, what is spiritual
and holy refer to our person. And if evil is the realization of lower values, the sensory and the vital
values can be likened to animals. Therefore, good values enhance our being a person while evil
degenerate our humanity.
At the end, the moral act of doing good and evil is based on man and not on any moral
authority. Through a model person, values derives an ‘ought to do’ and without a man to be emulated
or modeled upon there will be no standards, norms, responsibility or obligations. In moral values,
Humanistic Foundations| Report No. 4 on Filipino Values |Dr. Manalo | Mr. Roderico Y. Dumaug, Jr. 2 of 6 pages.

3. nothing can make a man good but the intuition of those exemplified by a model person whose love
invites other to follow. Model persons are the way of value transformation of man in our society today.
III. What Do You Mean By Values?
APPROACH/ VIEWS DEFINITION OF VALUES
Plato's formulation of the absolute values of Truth, Goodness and
Beauty. They are conceived as having independent existence of
their own and are used as ideal norms for value judgment at the
Idea-Normative Approach relative level of human existence. Attainment of a state of eternal
bliss by the realization of identity of the individual self with the
Universal Self of this absolute reality is the highest and ultimate
object of human striving.
Based on a metaphysical belief system which accepts the reality of
Theistic View a divine cosmic order and faith in the authority of a creator God
who is also the upholder of all values.
Development of a new ethics of man based on interconnectedness
Humanist Thought of humankind, love and respect for life, the joy of sharing and
caring, and the faith in man to shape his own identity.
It views values as a distinct component of the total human
personality, which guide or affect attitude and behavior of the
individuals and social groups. In Schwartz's view, values are
Empirical-Purposive
"responses to 3 universal requirements with which all individuals
Approach
and societies must cope: needs of individual biological organisms,
requisites of coordinated social interaction and requirements for
smooth functioning and survival of groups.
3 Levels: Individual, Sociological and Ecological. Individual refers to
the level where the human being, taken as an independent entity
and it refers to survival values, character, virtues. Aesthetic
appreciation, human rights, salvation, self-realization. The second
level refers to values at the collective level of human society which
includes the family, social institutions, sense of social responsibility,
Level of Aggregation
values of humanity and human interconnectedness, etc. Third level
refers to the inclusion of human being as part of the total
ecological system, a sense of identification with future generations
and the inter-dependency of man and nature and include
expressive terms like respect for and harmony with nature,
sustainability, conservation, etc.
Humanistic Foundations| Report No. 4 on Filipino Values |Dr. Manalo | Mr. Roderico Y. Dumaug, Jr. 3 of 6 pages.

4. IV. Filipino Values: What are those Values?
Surface Values
NEGATIVE MEANING (WITH
Core Value
POSITIVE MEANING COLONIAL MENTALITY &
SUPERIORITY COMPLEX)
Unity or oneness Fixation/ Self-
Pakitang Tao/
of a person with Blame/ ought to
Pakikipagkapwa Hiya Dangal Gaya-Gaya/
other people be Ashamed/
Hawa- Hawa
and denying Shame
Shared inner
perception
Pride/ Fiesta
driven by a Amor Sensitivity to
Pakiramdam Self Esteem Grande/
sense of Propio Personal Affront
Karangalan
awareness and
sensitivity.
Inner Being. Non- Irresponsibility
Gulong Ng
separation of Wheel of and
Loob Palad/ Pananampalataya
the Mind and Fortune Dependence/
Kapalaran
the Heart. Pagsasabukas
Adversarial/
Pakikitungo/
Confrontational/
Kagandahang
Pakikisama sa
Loob/ Pakikiisa/
Kabuktutan/
Introjection/ Damayan or
'Bata' System/
Smooth Empathy or
Pagpahalaga Sa Close Family 'Lakad' System/
Pakikisama Interpersonal Participation on
Pamilya/Familial Ties Pakikialam or
Relationship/ Another's
meddling/
Companionship Experience/
Euphemism or
Malasakit or
Salitang Pag-
sympathy for
iwas/ Use of go
someone
or between or
Submissiveness
to one's
Binding responsibility
covenant of and personal
Sublimation/Hel commitment to independence/
Paniniwala Sa
ping One help or to care Psychological
Diyos/ To leave
Another/ for another/ Justification for
Bayanihan Bahala Na one's life in the
Kawanggawa/Pa Psychological their failure to
care of God/
gtutulungan/Pak defense to cope take up human
Determinism
ikipagkapwa tao up with responisbility
adversities and and
failures accountability in
times of crises
and hardships
Indebtedness to
Compensation/ Patrons/
Pananampalataya Utang Na
Sense of Inner Debt of Gratitude Pakiusap/
Sa Diyos Loob
debt Nepotism/
Kapangyarihan
V. Conceptual Framework
COLONIAL MENTALITY AND SUPERIORITY COMPLEX
Filipino Value Type If Lacking/Absent
Surface Value HIYA AMOR PROPIO KAPALARAN PAKIKISAMA BAHALA NA UTANG NA LOOB BAD
PANINIWALA PAGPAHALAGA
SA DIYOS SA PAMILYA PAKIRAMDAM LOOB BAYANIHAN WORSE
Core Values
KAPWA WORST
COLONIAL MENTALITY AND SUPERIORITY COMPLEX
Humanistic Foundations| Report No. 4 on Filipino Values |Dr. Manalo | Mr. Roderico Y. Dumaug, Jr. 4 of 6 pages.

5. VI. Universality of Filipino Values
PROPOSED BROAD-
FREEDOM HELPFULNESS ACCOMPLISHMENT HONESTY SELF-RESPECT CREATIVITY EQUALITY INTELLIGENCE RESPONSIBILITY SOCIAL ORDER WEALTH COMPETENCE JUSTICE SECURITY SPRITUALITY
LIST MINDEDNESS
No. 9 9 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5
High
Personal
Profit/ Productivity/
Value Dignity/
Employee Maximizati Organizational
Questionnai Liberalism/ Achievement/ Prestige/ Organizational
Welfare/ - Tolerance Creativity Equality Rational - on/ Efficiency/ - Security Religion
re (PVQ) Autonomy Success Honor/ Stability
Social Welfare Money/ Ability/ Skill/
(England, Individuality
Property Industry
1967)
Leadership
Rokeach
Family
Value Self Respect/ Logical/
Freedom/ Helpful/ A sense of A World at Security/ Inner
Survey (RVS) Honest Social Broad-minded Imaginative Equality Intellectual/ Responsible - Capable -
Independent Salvation accomplishment Peace National Harmony
(Rokeach, Recognition Wisdom
Security
1973)
Self Respect/
Schwartz
Freedom/ Social A varied Family A Spiritual
Values Social Order/
Independent/ Successful/ Recognotion/ life/ Intelligent/ Social Security/ Life/ Inner
Survey (SVS) Helpful Honest Broad-minded Equality Responsible A World at Wealth Capable
Choosing Own Meaning in life Preserving Creativity/ Wisdom Justice National Harmony/
(Schwartz, Peace
Goals My Public Curious Security Devout
1994)
Image
Personal
Value Scale Academic
Independence - Honesty Status - Creativity - Intellectualism - - - - - - Religiousness
(PVS) (Scott, Achievement
1965)
List of
Values Sense of Self-respect/
(LOV) Autonomy - Accomplishment/ - Being Well - - - - - - - - - Security -
(Kahle, Self fulfillment Respect
1988)
Life Values
Inventory
Concern for Objective Financial
(LVI) (Crace Independence Achievement - - - Creativity - Responsibility - - - - Sprituality
Others Analysis Prosperity
& Brown,
1995)
Comparative
Emphasis
Scale (CES)
- Helping Achievement Honesty - - - - - - - - - Fairness - -
(Revlin &
Meglino,
1987)
Value
Human
Sensitive Ownership
Welfare/ Informed Freedom
Design (VES) Autonomy - Identity - - - Accountability - and - - - -
Universal Consent from Bias
(Friedman, Property
Usability
2006)
Allocation of
Resources/
Production
Human
Bernthal Freedom The Good Life Self-Realization - - - - - - Order Profits and Justice Security -
Dignity
Distribution of
Goods and
Services
Broad- Creativity/
McDonald Moral Integrity/ Social
Autonomy Consideration - - mindedness/ Experiment Logic - Orderliness Economy - Fairness - -
and Ganz Openness Equality
Adaptability ation
Fair
Corporate
Bird and Honesty in Special Treatment/ Respect for Organizational
- - - - - - Social - - - -
Waters Communication Consideration Fair Law Responsibility
Responsibility
Competition
Jurkiewicz & Benevolence/
- - Integrity Respect Receptivity - - - Responsibility - - - Justice - -
Giacalone Humanism
VII. Can Filipino Values an effective means of managing people in an organization?
Like any universal values, Filipino values can be integrated in managing and administering an
organization.
However, there’s a need to stop condemning Filipino traditional values as sources of our
weakness and compare is as an inferior one than western values. Second, is to understand that our
organization’s services are for the Filipinos in a Philippine setting and with Filipino workers or
stakeholders. Lastly, is the willingness of all to accept Filipino values to be integrated into the
organizational structure and to replace Western values which are successful in western settings.
Humanistic Foundations| Report No. 4 on Filipino Values |Dr. Manalo | Mr. Roderico Y. Dumaug, Jr. 5 of 6 pages.

6. The structural channels that can be utilized to integrate this Filipino values are through trainings,
reorientation of the top management to become models, the use of modern technology in promoting
our indigenous values and to improve the recruitment process, compensation schemes, develop a
monitoring system and to impose certain discipline to ensure the incorporation of Filipino values into
the organization.
VIII. Recommendations
The following are recommended in an organization:
a. Conduct of Team Building and
b. Improve Communication Protocol by employing consultation, Persuasion, Consensus,
through motivations and to lead by example.
Humanistic Foundations| Report No. 4 on Filipino Values |Dr. Manalo | Mr. Roderico Y. Dumaug, Jr. 6 of 6 pages.