1. MODAL VERBS
The modal verbs are:-
CAN / COULD / MAY /
MIGHT / MUST / SHALL
/ SHOULD / OUGHT TO
/ WILL / WOULD
2. Allthe auxiliary verbs except be, do
and have are called modals. Unlike
other auxiliary verbs modals only
exist in their helping form; they cannot
act alone as the main verb in a
sentence.
Be, do, and have also differ from the
other auxiliaries in that they can also
serve as ordinary verbs in a given
sentence.
3. COMPARATIVE FORM OF
ADJECTIVES
When we compare two things or
people we look at what makes them
different from each other.
Comparative adjectives are used to
show what quality one thing has
more or less than the other. They
normally come before any other
adjectives.
5. Words of one syllable, with
one vowel and one consonant
at the end. Double the
consonant and add -er to the
end of the word.
Ejemplo: big - bigger
6. Words of one syllable, with
more than one vowel or more
than one consonant at the
end. Add - er to the end of the
word.
Ejemplo: high - higher
7. Words of two syllables,
ending in 'y'. Change 'y' to 'i',
and add -er to the end of the
word.
Ejemplo: happy - happier
8. Words of two syllables or
more, not ending in 'y'. Place
'more' before the adjective.
Ejemplo: beautiful - more
beautiful
9. The following adjectives are
exceptions to this rule:
'good' becomes 'better'
'bad' becomes 'worse'
'far' becomes 'farther' or
'further'
10. !NOTE
When comparing two things like this
we put than between the adjective
and the thing being compared.
For example:-
"Mount Everest is higher than
Mount Snowdon."
"Arguably, Rome is more beautiful
than Paris.
11. ADJECTIVE ORDER
Adjectives can be used to describe lots
of things, from physical
size, age, shape, colour, material, to
more abstract things like opinion, origin
and purpose. We can use adjectives
together to give a detailed description of
something. Adjectives that express
opinions usually come before all
others, but it can sometimes depend on
what exactly you want to emphasise.
12. FOR EXAMPLE:
"That nice, big, blue bag.
“(You like the bag.)
"That big, nice, blue bag.
" (You like the colour.)
13. WHEN WE GROUP ADJECTIVES TOGETHER
THERE IS A GENERAL RULE FOR THE POSITION
OF EACH TYPE ADJECTIVE, THESE ARE:-
Position 1st* 2nd* 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th
Opin Colou Materi Purpo
ion Size Age Shape r al Origin se
Squar Britis Racin
Nice Small Old e Black Plastic h g
Circul Cotto Ameri Runni
Ugly Big New ar Blue n can ng
14. This is just a guide as you wouldn't normally see
so many adjectives in one description.
For example:
"She had a big, ugly, old, baggy, blue, cotton,
British, knitting bag." Is grammatically correct
but a bit too long-winded.
* You might swap opinion and fact adjectives
depending on what you wish to emphasise:-
For example:
"She had a long, ugly nose." emphasising the
length of her nose.
"He was a silly, little man." emphasising that the
man was silly.
