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MOVERS AND SHAKERS
A PHARMA MATTERS REPORT
A REVIEW OF OCTOBER – DECEMBER 2010. PUBLISHED FEBRUARY 2011.




                                       The Thomson Reuters quarterly report on the U.S. generics
                                       industry uses strategic intelligence and competitive analysis
                                       information from Newport Premium™, the critical product
                                       targeting and global business development system from the
                                       industry authority on the global generics market.
The Thomson Reuters quarterly report on the US generics
                                      industry using strategic intelligence and competitive analysis
                                      information from Newport Premium™, the critical product
                                      targeting and global business development system from the
                                      industry authority on the global generics market.
                                      In this quarterly report, we look at a few of the companies
                                      beginning to make their marks on the US generics market with
                                      their finished dose products or active ingredients, and analyze
                                      trends and statistics relating to the market as a whole.




                                      For more information on Thomson Reuters
                                      API Intelligence solutions, including Newport Premium,
                                      visit go.thomsonreuters.com/newport




PHARMA MATTERS | MOVERS AND SHAKERS
SECTIOn I: InTRODUCTIOn                                                           WHAT IS
                                                                                  An AnDA?
In 2010, the generics industry continued to thrive in the United
States. Despite challenges, such as long approval timelines,                      An Abbreviated New
                                                                                  Drug Application
companies from 18 countries received a total of 412 final ANDA
                                                                                  (ANDA) is the first
approvals, down from 2009 when companies from 15 countries                        step for a generic
received a total of 448 ANDA approvals. As in 2009, US-based                      drug in the U.S. It
companies received more approvals than any other country (159                     is submitted to the
approvals going to 46 groups). Indian companies continued to                      FDA to prove that
                                                                                  the generic version
make inroads into the US generic market with 23 companies
                                                                                  is bioequivalent to
receiving 132 approvals.                                                          the innovator drug
It is worth noting that at the end of 2010, the first Chinese                     in question. On
                                                                                  approval, the generic
company – Novast Laboratories – received a final ANDA                             version is added
approval. An additional three Chinese companies have acquired                     to the Approved
final ANDAs from existing players in the US market and other                      Drug Products List
companies are awaiting approvals for their filings. Huahai of                     (“Orange Book”) and
China is already manufacturing benazepril for the US market.                      the company may
                                                                                  manufacture and
We anticipate that, over time, manufacturing for a number                         market it. An ANDA
of Chinese owned ANDAs will move to China and regulated                           may be submitted
market players may move manufacturing to China to take                            before the patent on
advantage of lower costs. However, the backlog at the FDA will                    the innovator drug
likely slow this transfer significantly.                                          expires. However,
                                                                                  in that case, the
In 2010, companies launched generic versions of several                           ANDA must include a
blockbusters, among them sanofi’s anti-thrombotic Lovenox™                        certification indicating
                                                                                  that the filer does
(enoxaparin sodium), Merck’s antihypertensive Cozaar™ (losartan
                                                                                  not seek to market
potassium), and Boehringer Ingelheim’s benign prostatic                           the product before
hyperplasia treatment Flomax™ (tamsulosin HCl). Additional                        the expiry of the
blockbusters were exposed to Paragraph IV patent challenges,                      Orange Book-listed
among them Viread (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate), Gilead’s                       patents (“paragraph
                                                                                  III certification”) or
antiviral drug. During 2010, 33 molecules or combinations were
                                                                                  that the filer believes
first exposed to patent challenges, down from the previous year,                  that its product
when more than 60 molecules or combinations received their first                  does not infringe the
Paragraph IV patent challenges. We believe that the decline in                    Orange Book-listed
the number of products first exposed to challenges is the result of               patents or that the
                                                                                  Orange Book-listed
a diminishing number of products open to challenge and not an
                                                                                  patents are invalid
indication that generics companies are becoming less aggressive.                  (“paragraph IV
One of the key topics in the US generics market in 2010 was                       certification”).

follow-on biologics. At long last, in 2010 the US market got                      WHAT ARE “A”
the abbreviated pathway for approving biosimilar products.                        RATED DRUgS?
However, it will be a while before we know how many
                                                                                  “A” rated drugs
companies will use the new abbreviated pathway rather than                        are considered
continue to use the BLA route.                                                    therapeutically
                                                                                  equivalent and can
                                                                                  be substituted for
                                                                                  each other. “A” rated
                                                                                  drugs are designated
                                                                                  as AA, AB, AN, AO,
                                                                                  AP, and AT in the
                                                                                  Orange Book.




                                                                      PHARMA MATTERS | MOVERS AND SHAKERS
Positioning for the follow-on biologics era was the driving force
  WHAT IS A
  U.S. DMF?                           behind several acquisitions and deals in 2010, such as Mylan’s
                                      acquisition of Bioniche Pharma. However, in 2010, M&A activity
  A DMF (Drug Master
  File) is a confidential
                                      wasn’t limited to biologics. The generics industry continued
  document                            to consolidate in pursuit of scale and diversification, both in
  covering a specific                 terms of geographic reach and product portfolios. Big Pharma
  manufacturing                       continued its interest in generics, both in established and
  facility, process, or               emerging generics markets. Among others, Pfizer announced
  article used in the
  manufacturing,
                                      collaboration agreements with Strides Arcolab of India, sanofi-
  processing,                         aventis announced a joint venture (JV) with Japan’s Nichi-Iko,
  packaging, or storing               GlaxoSmithKline expanded its business in Latin America by
  of a bulk drug. A DMF               acquiring Laboratorios Phoenix in Argentina, Abbott acquired
  is reviewed by the                  Piramal’s Healthcare Solutions Business, and AstraZeneca
  FDA only if an ANDA
  or NDA referencing
                                      signed a deal for a portfolio of branded generic products to be
  that particular DMF                 supplied by India’s Torrent Pharmaceuticals. To subscribe to our
  is filed. An ANDA                   white papers covering deal making in the generics industry and
  or NDA will not be                  the US follow-on biologic market, click here.
  approved until any
  issues with the DMF                 That was a brief recap of happenings on the generics stage
  are resolved.                       in 2010. Now, let’s take a closer look at developments in the
                                      fourth quarter.

                                      SECTIOn II: AnDA APPROVALS
                                      TOTAL ‘A’-RATED AnDAS BY COUnTRY OF ORIgIn
                                      OF APPLICAnT FOR OCTOBER TO DECEMBER 2010

                                        38
                                                 34




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PHARMA MATTERS | MOVERS AND SHAKERS
In the fourth quarter, 48 companies from 13 countries received
                                                                                WHAT IS A
a total of 109 approvals. US-based companies again received                     BIOSIMILAR
the most final ANDA approvals, with 38 approvals going to                       ACCORDIng
21 different corporate groups. The numbers were slightly                        TO U.S.
down from the previous quarter, when 24 different US-based                      REgULATIOnS?
companies received a total of 41 approvals.                                     A biosimilar
                                                                                product is defined
As during the third quarter, Indian groups were in second place                 in the Act to mean
during the last quarter of 2010 with 34 approvals going to 15                   a biological product
groups. Both the number of Indian groups with approvals and                     that is both “highly
the number of approvals were up from the third quarter when                     similar to the
                                                                                reference product
29 final approvals went to nine Indian groups.
                                                                                notwithstanding
gROUPS WITH THE MOST ‘A’-RATED AnDA APPROVALS                                   minor differences
FOR OCTOBER TO DECEMBER 2010                                                    in clinically inactive
                                                                                components” and
  7                                                                             for which “there
                                                                                are no clinically
       6                                                                        meaningful
                                                                                differences between
            5    5    5    5   5     5    5                                     the biological
                                                                                product and the
                                                                                reference product in
                                                                                terms of the safety,
                                               3    3    3   3                  purity, and potency
                                                                                of the product.”
                                                                                Interchangeability
                                                                                is defined as a
                                                                                biological product
                                                                                that “may be
                                                                                substituted for the
                                                                                reference product
                                                                                without the
                                                                                intervention of the
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In the fourth quarter of 2010, Novartis of Switzerland (parent
of Sandoz) topped the list with seven final ANDA approvals,
followed by Watson (US) with six approvals. A number of
companies received five ANDA approvals.
In the third quarter, Novartis also received seven final
approvals. However, during that quarter, seven was enough to
earn only the third spot. During the third quarter of 2010, Mylan
(US) was on top of the list with nine ANDA approvals, followed
by Glenmark of India, with eight approvals.




                                                                    PHARMA MATTERS | MOVERS AND SHAKERS
WHAT IS A                                                     SECTIOn III: PARAgRAPH IV CHALLEngES
  PARAgRAPH IV
  CHALLEngE?
                                                              In the fourth quarter of 2010, we learned of first Paragraph
                                                              IV patent challenges on five new active ingredients or
  Bioequivalent
                                                              combinations, down from eight during the previous quarter.
  generic versions of
  drugs that are not                                          gROUPS WITH THE MOST PATEnT CHALLEngES On RECORD
  protected by patents                                        AS OF DECEMBER 2010
  can be produced
  and marketed in the
                                                                157
  U.S. by any company,
  subject to FDA
  approval. However, a
  generic company may                                                 95
  obtain FDA approval                                                      87
  before patent expiry if                                                       72
                                                                                     66
  it certifies its product                                                                51
                                                                                                44
  does not infringe                                                                                  40           36         35         31         30
  the listed patents
  or the patents are
  invalid (paragraph IV
  certification). Patent




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  the FDA may not
  approve the ANDA for
  30 months from the
  date of notification. If                                    Teva continues to be associated with more patent challenges
  no suit is filed within                                     than any other company. At the time of this writing, we
  45 days, the FDA may                                        continued to link the company to challenges on 157 products.
  approve the ANDA at                                         Mylan, with associations to 95 products with patent challenges,
  any time.
                                                              stayed in the second spot and increased the lead over Novartis,
                                                              with whom we associated 87 challenged products.
                                                                                    160, pat n




PHARMA MATTERS | MOVERS AND SHAKERS
PRODUCTS FIRST ExPOSED TO PARAgRAPH IV CHALLEngES, AS REPORTED
BY THE FDA BETWEEn OCTOBER AnD DECEMBER 2010
ACTIVE IngREDIEnT: • Lupin and Mylan have submitted ANDAs with Paragraph
darunavir ethanolate IV certification for generic versions of Prezista (darunavir
POSTED BY FDA:       ethanolate) tablets.
04 October 2010
                   • The Orange Book lists several patents covering Prezista tablets,
BRAnD nAME:          expiring between August 25, 2012 and December 26, 2026.
Prezista®
                     Tibotec’s suit against Lupin and Mylan alleges infringement
nDA HOLDER:          of US Patent 7,700,645, which claims a novel ethanolate form
Tibotec
                     of darunavir useful for the treatment of HIV infections. That
                     patent will expire on December 26, 2026.
                     In another suit against Lupin and Mylan, The United States of
                     America and the University of Illinois have alleged infringement
                     of US Patent 7,470,506. That patent is directed to the
                     treatment of HIV infection in adults and pediatric patients over
                     the age of 6 years and will expire on June 23, 2019. Tibotec
                     holds a non-exclusive license to US Patent 7,470,506 through
                     an agreement with the University of Illinois.
                   • At the time the first ANDA with Paragraph IV certification
                     was submitted for a generic version of Prezista tablets, Cipla,
                     Hetero, and Matrix held DMFs for darunavir.
ACTIVE IngREDIEnT: • Apotex has submitted an ANDA with Paragraph IV certification
dastinib             for a generic version of Sprycel (dasatinib) tablets.
POSTED BY FDA:     • The Orange Book lists four patents covering Sprycel tablets.
04 October 2010
                       US Patent 6,596,746 claims dasatinib specifically as well as
BRAnD nAME:
                       its uses for the treatment of cancer and a protein tyrosine
Sprycel®
                       kinase-associated disorder. It will expire on June 28, 2020.
nDA HOLDER:
Bristol-Myers Squibb   US Patent 7,125,875 concerns cyclic protein tyrosine kinase
                       inhibitors and includes claims to their use in the treatment of
                       chronic myelogenous leukemia. It will expire on April 13, 2020.
                       US Patent 7,153,856 also concerns the use of cyclic protein
                       tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. It will
                       expire on April 28, 2020.
                       US Patent 7,491,725 includes both drug substance and drug
                       product claims directed to Sprycel and will expire on October
                       12, 2025.
                       In its suit against Apotex, BMS has alleged infringement of all
                       four patents.
                     • At the time the first ANDA with Paragraph IV certification
                       was submitted for a generic version of Sprycel tablets, Hubei
                       Haosun held the only DMF for dasatinib reported by the FDA.




                                                                                    PHARMA MATTERS | MOVERS AND SHAKERS
ACTIVE IngREDIEnT: • Actavis, Mylan, and Par are among the filers of ANDAs with
                             doxepin HCl          Paragraph IV certification for generic versions of Silenor
                             POSTED BY FDA:       (doxepin HCl) tablets.
                             18 October 2010
                                                • The Orange Book lists eight patents covering the method of
                             BRAnD nAME:          use and formulation of Silenor tablets.
                             Silenor®
                                                  According to the Orange Book, the six patents directed to
                             nDA HOLDER:          the drug product will expire on January 9, 2015. Two patents
                             Somaxon
                                                  concerning the treatment of insomnia will expire on March
                                                  26, 2013 and February 17, 2020.
                                                  Although the Actavis, Mylan, and Par ANDAs included
                                                  Paragraph IV certification to seven of the eight patents,
                                                  Somaxon has alleged infringement of only US Patent 6,211,229.
                                                  That patent concerns the treatment of transient and short-term
                                                  insomnia and will expire on February 17, 2020.
                                                • At the time the first ANDA with Paragraph IV certification was
                                                  submitted for a generic version of Silenor tablets, Dipharma
                                                  Francis, Sifavitor, and Teva held the only active DMFs for
                                                  doxepin HCl reported by the FDA.
                             ACTIVE IngREDIEnT: • Watson has submitted an ANDA with Paragraph IV
                             hydromorphone HCl    certification for a generic version of Exalgo (hydromorphone
                             POSTED BY FDA:       HCl) extended-release tablets.
                             18 november 2010
                                                • The Orange Book lists two patents covering Exalgo extended-
                             BRAnD nAME:          release tablets.
                             Exalgo®
                                                  US Patent 5,702,725 and US Patent 5,914,131 include
                             nDA HOLDER:          claims directed to the Exalgo formulation and its use in the
                             Mallinckrodt
                                                  management of pain. Both patents will expire on July 7, 2014.
                                                  Mallinckrodt’s suit against Watson alleges infringement of
                                                  only US Patent 5,914,131.
                                                • Several companies hold active DMFs for hydromorphone HCl.




PHARMA MATTERS | MOVERS AND SHAKERS
ACTIVE IngREDIEnT: • Roxane Laboratories has submitted an ANDA with Paragraph
sodium oxybate       IV certification for a generic version of Xyrem (sodium
POSTED BY FDA:       oxybate) oral solution.
04 October 2010
                     • In a suit against Roxane, Jazz alleged infringement of all five
BRAnD nAME:            patents listed for Xyrem oral solution in the Orange Book at
xyrem®
                       the time the ANDA was submitted.
nDA HOLDER:            US Patent 6,780,889 and US Patent 7,262,219 include drug
Jazz Pharmaceuticals
                       product claims directed to Xyrem oral solution and will expire
                       on July 4, 2020.
                       US Patent 7,668,730 concerns a method for distributing
                       sodium oxybate under the control of a central pharmacy. It
                       will expire on March 7, 2024.
                       US Patent 7,765,106 and US Patent 7,765,107 concern
                       methods of controlling the distribution of prescription drugs
                       using a computer database. They will expire on June 16, 2024.
                       In December 2010, Jazz announced that a newly issued
                       patent related to Xyrem had been added to the Orange
                       Book. US Patent 7,851,506 includes claims directed to the
                       treatment of cataplexy in patients with narcolepsy. It will
                       expire on December 22, 2019. Jazz later sued Roxane alleging
                       infringement of that patent along with US Patent 6,472,431,
                       which does not appear in the Orange Book listing for Xyrem.
                     • Johnson Matthey submitted a DMF for sodium oxybate in
                       August 2010.




                                                                                 PHARMA MATTERS | MOVERS AND SHAKERS
SECTIOn IV: nOTABLE DEALS
                                      In the fourth quarter, both generics and innovators alike
                                      continued their expansion into emerging markets, including
                                      Latin America. Watson, for example, expanded its presence
                                      in Brazil by agreeing to pay $30 million for Moksha8, which
                                      supplies both original drugs and branded generics. Under the
                                      agreement, Moksha8 will market and distribute in Brazil and
                                      Mexico products manufactured by Watson. Pfizer, meanwhile,
                                      acquired a 40-percent stake in Brazil’s Laboratorio Teuto.
                                      At the same time, emerging market players made acquisitions
                                      in the United States. Hikma Pharmaceuticals (Jordan) has
                                      agreed to acquire Baxter’s injectables business and through
                                      it will gain a manufacturing facility and significant foothold
                                      in the US injectables market. Dr Reddy’s Laboratories of
                                      India, meanwhile, entered into a deal with GlaxoSmithKline
                                      to acquire the latter’s US penicillin business and a penicillin
                                      manufacturing facility in Bristol, Tennessee. According to
                                      Dr Reddy’s spokesperson, the company has aspirations to
                                      significantly increase its North American generics business.
                                      In the fourth quarter, we continued to see examples of
                                      companies expanding their presence in the value chain.
                                      Cambrex, a US-based API manufacturer and drug delivery
                                      company, paid $20 million in Q4 for a 51-percent stake in
                                      Zenara Pharma in India to gain access to Zenara’s formulation
                                      and finished dosage capabilities. And Aceto, a company that
                                      only a few years ago was primarily known as a distributor of
                                      APIs and chemicals, announced that it was paying $80M for
                                      Rising Pharmaceuticals, based in New Jersey.
                                      There continued to be considerable interest in niche products
                                      in the last quarter of 2010. For example, Zentiva, now part
                                      of sanofi-aventis, announced its acquisition of an inhaler
                                      franchise from Siegfried, allowing Zentiva to become a player
                                      in a market that is expected to develop rapidly after 2013 when
                                      a number of respiratory products will lose patent protection.
                                      Meanwhile, Teva acquired Théramex, a player focused on
                                      the gynaecological market, from Merck KGaA, and Amneal
                                      expanded into the dermatology market by taking control of
                                      Quinnova Pharmaceuticals. The latter markets a number of
                                      products for dermatitis and eczema treatments.




PHARMA MATTERS | MOVERS AND SHAKERS
We also continued to see deal-making in the biologics arena.
Actavis, which has aspirations to become a major player in the
biologics arena, is planning to acquire Bioton, based in Poland.
Not to be outdone by generics, Big Pharma kept the pressure
on with their own generics industry-focused deals involving
both large and small molecules. In October, Pfizer signed
a deal with Biocon under which Pfizer will have the right to
commercialize several recombinant insulins developed by
Biocon. And right before New Year’s, Pfizer entered into an
agreement with Akorn-Strides, a JV between US-based Akorn
and Indian Strides Arcolab, to purchase 16 approved and six
pending ANDAs from the joint venture.

SECTIOn V: OPEnIng MOVES
Based on our research of ANDA filings and Paragraph IV
challenges, we highlight some of the companies making
significant game plays in the US generics industry.
ALKEM LABORATORIES, LTD.
Alkem Laboratories, based in Mumbai, India, was founded
in 1974. The US FDA, UK MHRA, Brazil’s ANVISA, and other
authorities approved the company’s dose manufacturing
facilities, and the company claims to export its products to
more than 40 countries.
Alkem’s formulations have been in the US market since 2009.
The company currently holds final approvals for three products
and a tentative approval for one, lamivudine. This tentatively-
approved product was reviewed under expedited review
provisions for the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief
(PEPFAR). The tentative approval made the product eligible for
purchase outside the United States even before US patent expiry.
At around December 1, 2010, Alkem informed Shire that it had
filed an ANDA with Paragraph IV certification for a generic
version of Fosrenol (lanthanum carbonate) chewable tablets.
We believe that this is the first Paragraph IV filing by Alkem.
Alkem is also acting as a contract manufacturer and is making
amlodipine besylate finished dose product for a number of
companies, including Breckenridge and Ascend.




                                                                   PHARMA MATTERS | MOVERS AND SHAKERS
STASOn PHARMACEUTICALS, InC.
                                      Stason Pharmaceuticals, based in Irvine, California, is a
                                      privately held pharmaceutical company involved in developing,
                                      manufacturing, and marketing both generic and branded
                                      products. Its primary area of development is oncology.
                                      The company was founded by Harry Fan and has a strategic
                                      alliance with Standard Chemical and Pharmaceutical
                                      Company of Taiwan, which was founded by his father and is
                                      today managed by his brother. While in the beginning the two
                                      companies worked separately, today Stason and Standard are
                                      closely collaborating and have a joint pipeline in the United
                                      States. Stason currently holds five ANDAs, but is geared to
                                      file four to five or more ANDAs per year, mostly in the areas of
                                      oncology and CNS.
                                      The two companies also have their eyes set on
                                      biopharmaceuticals. They jointly created Stonsa Biopharm,
                                      Inc., a new spin-off biopharmaceutical company, based in
                                      Southern California. In December 2010, Stason and Lonza
                                      announced that they had signed an agreement granting Stason
                                      a worldwide license to use Lonza’s GS (glutamine synthetase)
                                      Gene Expression System.
                                      Stason is also a player in the contract manufacturing arena and
                                      provides both non-high containment and high containment
                                      manufacturing services to a number of companies, including
                                      Par, Cypress, and Heritage. Stason is capable of manufacturing
                                      both solid and semi-solid dosage forms, including immediate
                                      and delayed-release tablets and capsules, fast-disintegrating
                                      tablets, creams, and lotions.
                                      HAnDA PHARMACEUTICALS, LLC.
                                      Handa Pharmaceuticals, based in Fremont, California, is a
                                      specialty pharmaceutical company founded by Dr. Fangyu “Bill”
                                      Liu in 2005. Liu previously served as Chief Operating Officer
                                      and Vice President of Product Development and Operations
                                      at Anchen Pharmaceuticals. Handa is focusing on difficult-to-
                                      formulate, controlled-release formulations. In July 2009, Fosun
                                      Pharmaceutical of China invested in Handa; today they own about
                                      10 percent of the company. Handa and Fosun have announced
                                      that they will cooperate to jointly develop generic drugs and
                                      challenge patents both in the United States and in Europe.
                                      In July 2008, Handa announced that it had filed an ANDA for
                                      AstraZeneca’s Seroquel XR (quetiapine fumarate extended-
                                      release tablets). The company claimed that it was the first
                                      to file an ANDA with Paragraph IV certification for several
                                      strengths and should be entitled to 180 days of marketing
                                      exclusivity. In December 2010, Handa received tentative
                                      approval of its ANDA. According to the Chinese media, this was
                                      the first time that a company with Chinese ties has received a
                                      tentative approval for a patent challenge product and could be
                                      entitled to the 180-day generic exclusivity.



PHARMA MATTERS | MOVERS AND SHAKERS
Image CopyrIght: REUTERS/Petr Josek




BIologICs
one of our new optIonal modules
                                                        Follow-on biologics are fast becoming a reality in global pharmaceutical
                                                        markets. The passing of the 2010 Healthcare Reform Act defines the
                                                        framework and exclusivity rules concerning biosimilars in the US, and
                                                        is expected to fuel increased activity in this important area for generics,
                                                        traditional small-molecule focused innovators, and biotech companies.
                                                        The Newport Biologics Module contains unique manufacturing process
                                                        data covering biologic drugs. Companies considering pursuing biosimilar
                                                        opportunities can analyze multiple potential bio-manufacturing processes
                                                        for each drug, genetic sequences, process steps, starting materials, and
                                                        equipment required, as well as review related patents and literature
                                                        references. Also included is US BLA (Biologics License Application) data for
                                                        drugs approved through this regulatory route.

                                                        HOW TO SUBSCRIBE
                                                        The Newport Biologics Module is an optional subscription module that
                                                        may be added to your Newport Premium™ subscription for an additional
                                                        annual charge.
                                                        To get a quotation, contact your account manager or visit
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                                                        Also available to enhance your subscription are modules covering
                                                        Generic Deals, Phase III Drugs and US Market Share.


©2011 Thomson Reuters. All rights reserved. Thomson Reuters and the
Kinesis logo are trademarks of Thomson Reuters.
To sign up to our Pharma Matters range of publications visit:
                                      go.thomsonreuters.com/pharmamatters

                                      THE ONES TO WATCH
                                      Focuses on the latest phase changes in the pharmaceutical pipeline.
                                      MOVERS AND SHAKERS
                                      Unravels the most significant game-play in the U.S. generics market.
                                      THE CUTTING EDGE OF CHEMISTRY
                                      Insights into the chemistry advances transforming drug discovery
                                      and development.

                                     ABOUT NEWPORT PREMIUM
                                     Newport Premium is the critical product targeting and global business development
                                     system from Thomson Reuters, the industry authority on the global generics market.
                                     Created specifically for generic pharmaceutical companies and strategic API
                                     manufacturers, it can help you to identify and evaluate product opportunities
                                     worldwide, ensuring you’ll be first to find the generic product and niche opportunity,
                                     first to make the deal, and first to get to market.
                                     ABOUT THOMSON REUTERS
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                                     around the world. Our customers are knowledge workers in key sectors of the global
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                                     know what’s newly published in their subject, and for businesses to optimize their
                                     intellectual property and find competitive intelligence.

                                     NOTE TO PRESS:
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Movers and Shakers, Oct. - Dec. 2010 -- Pharma Matters Report

  • 1. Image CopyrIght: iSTOCKPHOTO MOVERS AND SHAKERS A PHARMA MATTERS REPORT A REVIEW OF OCTOBER – DECEMBER 2010. PUBLISHED FEBRUARY 2011. The Thomson Reuters quarterly report on the U.S. generics industry uses strategic intelligence and competitive analysis information from Newport Premium™, the critical product targeting and global business development system from the industry authority on the global generics market.
  • 2. The Thomson Reuters quarterly report on the US generics industry using strategic intelligence and competitive analysis information from Newport Premium™, the critical product targeting and global business development system from the industry authority on the global generics market. In this quarterly report, we look at a few of the companies beginning to make their marks on the US generics market with their finished dose products or active ingredients, and analyze trends and statistics relating to the market as a whole. For more information on Thomson Reuters API Intelligence solutions, including Newport Premium, visit go.thomsonreuters.com/newport PHARMA MATTERS | MOVERS AND SHAKERS
  • 3. SECTIOn I: InTRODUCTIOn WHAT IS An AnDA? In 2010, the generics industry continued to thrive in the United States. Despite challenges, such as long approval timelines, An Abbreviated New Drug Application companies from 18 countries received a total of 412 final ANDA (ANDA) is the first approvals, down from 2009 when companies from 15 countries step for a generic received a total of 448 ANDA approvals. As in 2009, US-based drug in the U.S. It companies received more approvals than any other country (159 is submitted to the approvals going to 46 groups). Indian companies continued to FDA to prove that the generic version make inroads into the US generic market with 23 companies is bioequivalent to receiving 132 approvals. the innovator drug It is worth noting that at the end of 2010, the first Chinese in question. On approval, the generic company – Novast Laboratories – received a final ANDA version is added approval. An additional three Chinese companies have acquired to the Approved final ANDAs from existing players in the US market and other Drug Products List companies are awaiting approvals for their filings. Huahai of (“Orange Book”) and China is already manufacturing benazepril for the US market. the company may manufacture and We anticipate that, over time, manufacturing for a number market it. An ANDA of Chinese owned ANDAs will move to China and regulated may be submitted market players may move manufacturing to China to take before the patent on advantage of lower costs. However, the backlog at the FDA will the innovator drug likely slow this transfer significantly. expires. However, in that case, the In 2010, companies launched generic versions of several ANDA must include a blockbusters, among them sanofi’s anti-thrombotic Lovenox™ certification indicating that the filer does (enoxaparin sodium), Merck’s antihypertensive Cozaar™ (losartan not seek to market potassium), and Boehringer Ingelheim’s benign prostatic the product before hyperplasia treatment Flomax™ (tamsulosin HCl). Additional the expiry of the blockbusters were exposed to Paragraph IV patent challenges, Orange Book-listed among them Viread (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate), Gilead’s patents (“paragraph III certification”) or antiviral drug. During 2010, 33 molecules or combinations were that the filer believes first exposed to patent challenges, down from the previous year, that its product when more than 60 molecules or combinations received their first does not infringe the Paragraph IV patent challenges. We believe that the decline in Orange Book-listed the number of products first exposed to challenges is the result of patents or that the Orange Book-listed a diminishing number of products open to challenge and not an patents are invalid indication that generics companies are becoming less aggressive. (“paragraph IV One of the key topics in the US generics market in 2010 was certification”). follow-on biologics. At long last, in 2010 the US market got WHAT ARE “A” the abbreviated pathway for approving biosimilar products. RATED DRUgS? However, it will be a while before we know how many “A” rated drugs companies will use the new abbreviated pathway rather than are considered continue to use the BLA route. therapeutically equivalent and can be substituted for each other. “A” rated drugs are designated as AA, AB, AN, AO, AP, and AT in the Orange Book. PHARMA MATTERS | MOVERS AND SHAKERS
  • 4. Positioning for the follow-on biologics era was the driving force WHAT IS A U.S. DMF? behind several acquisitions and deals in 2010, such as Mylan’s acquisition of Bioniche Pharma. However, in 2010, M&A activity A DMF (Drug Master File) is a confidential wasn’t limited to biologics. The generics industry continued document to consolidate in pursuit of scale and diversification, both in covering a specific terms of geographic reach and product portfolios. Big Pharma manufacturing continued its interest in generics, both in established and facility, process, or emerging generics markets. Among others, Pfizer announced article used in the manufacturing, collaboration agreements with Strides Arcolab of India, sanofi- processing, aventis announced a joint venture (JV) with Japan’s Nichi-Iko, packaging, or storing GlaxoSmithKline expanded its business in Latin America by of a bulk drug. A DMF acquiring Laboratorios Phoenix in Argentina, Abbott acquired is reviewed by the Piramal’s Healthcare Solutions Business, and AstraZeneca FDA only if an ANDA or NDA referencing signed a deal for a portfolio of branded generic products to be that particular DMF supplied by India’s Torrent Pharmaceuticals. To subscribe to our is filed. An ANDA white papers covering deal making in the generics industry and or NDA will not be the US follow-on biologic market, click here. approved until any issues with the DMF That was a brief recap of happenings on the generics stage are resolved. in 2010. Now, let’s take a closer look at developments in the fourth quarter. SECTIOn II: AnDA APPROVALS TOTAL ‘A’-RATED AnDAS BY COUnTRY OF ORIgIn OF APPLICAnT FOR OCTOBER TO DECEMBER 2010 38 34 7 6 5 5 5 3 2 1 1 1 1 n nd s A a l d n na n le da y ae nd an di a pa ai n US i Ch rd i na la la Isr Ch Sp In rm rla Ja er Ice Jo Ca e Ge itz th Sw Ne PHARMA MATTERS | MOVERS AND SHAKERS
  • 5. In the fourth quarter, 48 companies from 13 countries received WHAT IS A a total of 109 approvals. US-based companies again received BIOSIMILAR the most final ANDA approvals, with 38 approvals going to ACCORDIng 21 different corporate groups. The numbers were slightly TO U.S. down from the previous quarter, when 24 different US-based REgULATIOnS? companies received a total of 41 approvals. A biosimilar product is defined As during the third quarter, Indian groups were in second place in the Act to mean during the last quarter of 2010 with 34 approvals going to 15 a biological product groups. Both the number of Indian groups with approvals and that is both “highly the number of approvals were up from the third quarter when similar to the reference product 29 final approvals went to nine Indian groups. notwithstanding gROUPS WITH THE MOST ‘A’-RATED AnDA APPROVALS minor differences FOR OCTOBER TO DECEMBER 2010 in clinically inactive components” and 7 for which “there are no clinically 6 meaningful differences between 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 the biological product and the reference product in terms of the safety, 3 3 3 3 purity, and potency of the product.” Interchangeability is defined as a biological product that “may be substituted for the reference product without the intervention of the No W Ac Al Gl Te Hi Ap M Ap Bo Fr Al yla ners at es ke em km en va ta healthcare provider eh ot ax va so en m vis m n ex Ph rin rti a bi Pa n La ar iu La Ph cL sA who prescribed the In Gr ar ge Ph rt s A heim kP bo bo c ar m im ou rI G ar G ra ha ac m ra ng reference product.” ite p m to ac to eu rm Hf ac el d rie rie eu tic ac eu sI sL tic al eu tic nc al td In tic al KG s du sI al st nc sL rie td sL td In the fourth quarter of 2010, Novartis of Switzerland (parent of Sandoz) topped the list with seven final ANDA approvals, followed by Watson (US) with six approvals. A number of companies received five ANDA approvals. In the third quarter, Novartis also received seven final approvals. However, during that quarter, seven was enough to earn only the third spot. During the third quarter of 2010, Mylan (US) was on top of the list with nine ANDA approvals, followed by Glenmark of India, with eight approvals. PHARMA MATTERS | MOVERS AND SHAKERS
  • 6. WHAT IS A SECTIOn III: PARAgRAPH IV CHALLEngES PARAgRAPH IV CHALLEngE? In the fourth quarter of 2010, we learned of first Paragraph IV patent challenges on five new active ingredients or Bioequivalent combinations, down from eight during the previous quarter. generic versions of drugs that are not gROUPS WITH THE MOST PATEnT CHALLEngES On RECORD protected by patents AS OF DECEMBER 2010 can be produced and marketed in the 157 U.S. by any company, subject to FDA approval. However, a generic company may 95 obtain FDA approval 87 before patent expiry if 72 66 it certifies its product 51 44 does not infringe 40 36 35 31 30 the listed patents or the patents are invalid (paragraph IV certification). Patent p Hf td nc G nc td d d c c c holders may then sue In In In ou Lt Lt sA sL sL sI sI p es s ex Gr n Co ou rie ie al rti rie rie pi ni ot or the ANDA filer for tic Gr va y's Lu to yo st st pa Ap at eu No ra du du dd nk vis m or bo ac Sa In In Re Co ta ab patent infringement. If m La Ac al al hi xL Dr al ar tic tic n iic tic Ph pa yla eu eu the patent holder sues Da eu Im n M ac ac ac so m m m at the ANDA filer within ar ar ar W Ph Ph Ph va n 45 days of notification, r Su Pa Te the FDA may not approve the ANDA for 30 months from the date of notification. If Teva continues to be associated with more patent challenges no suit is filed within than any other company. At the time of this writing, we 45 days, the FDA may continued to link the company to challenges on 157 products. approve the ANDA at Mylan, with associations to 95 products with patent challenges, any time. stayed in the second spot and increased the lead over Novartis, with whom we associated 87 challenged products. 160, pat n PHARMA MATTERS | MOVERS AND SHAKERS
  • 7. PRODUCTS FIRST ExPOSED TO PARAgRAPH IV CHALLEngES, AS REPORTED BY THE FDA BETWEEn OCTOBER AnD DECEMBER 2010 ACTIVE IngREDIEnT: • Lupin and Mylan have submitted ANDAs with Paragraph darunavir ethanolate IV certification for generic versions of Prezista (darunavir POSTED BY FDA: ethanolate) tablets. 04 October 2010 • The Orange Book lists several patents covering Prezista tablets, BRAnD nAME: expiring between August 25, 2012 and December 26, 2026. Prezista® Tibotec’s suit against Lupin and Mylan alleges infringement nDA HOLDER: of US Patent 7,700,645, which claims a novel ethanolate form Tibotec of darunavir useful for the treatment of HIV infections. That patent will expire on December 26, 2026. In another suit against Lupin and Mylan, The United States of America and the University of Illinois have alleged infringement of US Patent 7,470,506. That patent is directed to the treatment of HIV infection in adults and pediatric patients over the age of 6 years and will expire on June 23, 2019. Tibotec holds a non-exclusive license to US Patent 7,470,506 through an agreement with the University of Illinois. • At the time the first ANDA with Paragraph IV certification was submitted for a generic version of Prezista tablets, Cipla, Hetero, and Matrix held DMFs for darunavir. ACTIVE IngREDIEnT: • Apotex has submitted an ANDA with Paragraph IV certification dastinib for a generic version of Sprycel (dasatinib) tablets. POSTED BY FDA: • The Orange Book lists four patents covering Sprycel tablets. 04 October 2010 US Patent 6,596,746 claims dasatinib specifically as well as BRAnD nAME: its uses for the treatment of cancer and a protein tyrosine Sprycel® kinase-associated disorder. It will expire on June 28, 2020. nDA HOLDER: Bristol-Myers Squibb US Patent 7,125,875 concerns cyclic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors and includes claims to their use in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. It will expire on April 13, 2020. US Patent 7,153,856 also concerns the use of cyclic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. It will expire on April 28, 2020. US Patent 7,491,725 includes both drug substance and drug product claims directed to Sprycel and will expire on October 12, 2025. In its suit against Apotex, BMS has alleged infringement of all four patents. • At the time the first ANDA with Paragraph IV certification was submitted for a generic version of Sprycel tablets, Hubei Haosun held the only DMF for dasatinib reported by the FDA. PHARMA MATTERS | MOVERS AND SHAKERS
  • 8. ACTIVE IngREDIEnT: • Actavis, Mylan, and Par are among the filers of ANDAs with doxepin HCl Paragraph IV certification for generic versions of Silenor POSTED BY FDA: (doxepin HCl) tablets. 18 October 2010 • The Orange Book lists eight patents covering the method of BRAnD nAME: use and formulation of Silenor tablets. Silenor® According to the Orange Book, the six patents directed to nDA HOLDER: the drug product will expire on January 9, 2015. Two patents Somaxon concerning the treatment of insomnia will expire on March 26, 2013 and February 17, 2020. Although the Actavis, Mylan, and Par ANDAs included Paragraph IV certification to seven of the eight patents, Somaxon has alleged infringement of only US Patent 6,211,229. That patent concerns the treatment of transient and short-term insomnia and will expire on February 17, 2020. • At the time the first ANDA with Paragraph IV certification was submitted for a generic version of Silenor tablets, Dipharma Francis, Sifavitor, and Teva held the only active DMFs for doxepin HCl reported by the FDA. ACTIVE IngREDIEnT: • Watson has submitted an ANDA with Paragraph IV hydromorphone HCl certification for a generic version of Exalgo (hydromorphone POSTED BY FDA: HCl) extended-release tablets. 18 november 2010 • The Orange Book lists two patents covering Exalgo extended- BRAnD nAME: release tablets. Exalgo® US Patent 5,702,725 and US Patent 5,914,131 include nDA HOLDER: claims directed to the Exalgo formulation and its use in the Mallinckrodt management of pain. Both patents will expire on July 7, 2014. Mallinckrodt’s suit against Watson alleges infringement of only US Patent 5,914,131. • Several companies hold active DMFs for hydromorphone HCl. PHARMA MATTERS | MOVERS AND SHAKERS
  • 9. ACTIVE IngREDIEnT: • Roxane Laboratories has submitted an ANDA with Paragraph sodium oxybate IV certification for a generic version of Xyrem (sodium POSTED BY FDA: oxybate) oral solution. 04 October 2010 • In a suit against Roxane, Jazz alleged infringement of all five BRAnD nAME: patents listed for Xyrem oral solution in the Orange Book at xyrem® the time the ANDA was submitted. nDA HOLDER: US Patent 6,780,889 and US Patent 7,262,219 include drug Jazz Pharmaceuticals product claims directed to Xyrem oral solution and will expire on July 4, 2020. US Patent 7,668,730 concerns a method for distributing sodium oxybate under the control of a central pharmacy. It will expire on March 7, 2024. US Patent 7,765,106 and US Patent 7,765,107 concern methods of controlling the distribution of prescription drugs using a computer database. They will expire on June 16, 2024. In December 2010, Jazz announced that a newly issued patent related to Xyrem had been added to the Orange Book. US Patent 7,851,506 includes claims directed to the treatment of cataplexy in patients with narcolepsy. It will expire on December 22, 2019. Jazz later sued Roxane alleging infringement of that patent along with US Patent 6,472,431, which does not appear in the Orange Book listing for Xyrem. • Johnson Matthey submitted a DMF for sodium oxybate in August 2010. PHARMA MATTERS | MOVERS AND SHAKERS
  • 10. SECTIOn IV: nOTABLE DEALS In the fourth quarter, both generics and innovators alike continued their expansion into emerging markets, including Latin America. Watson, for example, expanded its presence in Brazil by agreeing to pay $30 million for Moksha8, which supplies both original drugs and branded generics. Under the agreement, Moksha8 will market and distribute in Brazil and Mexico products manufactured by Watson. Pfizer, meanwhile, acquired a 40-percent stake in Brazil’s Laboratorio Teuto. At the same time, emerging market players made acquisitions in the United States. Hikma Pharmaceuticals (Jordan) has agreed to acquire Baxter’s injectables business and through it will gain a manufacturing facility and significant foothold in the US injectables market. Dr Reddy’s Laboratories of India, meanwhile, entered into a deal with GlaxoSmithKline to acquire the latter’s US penicillin business and a penicillin manufacturing facility in Bristol, Tennessee. According to Dr Reddy’s spokesperson, the company has aspirations to significantly increase its North American generics business. In the fourth quarter, we continued to see examples of companies expanding their presence in the value chain. Cambrex, a US-based API manufacturer and drug delivery company, paid $20 million in Q4 for a 51-percent stake in Zenara Pharma in India to gain access to Zenara’s formulation and finished dosage capabilities. And Aceto, a company that only a few years ago was primarily known as a distributor of APIs and chemicals, announced that it was paying $80M for Rising Pharmaceuticals, based in New Jersey. There continued to be considerable interest in niche products in the last quarter of 2010. For example, Zentiva, now part of sanofi-aventis, announced its acquisition of an inhaler franchise from Siegfried, allowing Zentiva to become a player in a market that is expected to develop rapidly after 2013 when a number of respiratory products will lose patent protection. Meanwhile, Teva acquired Théramex, a player focused on the gynaecological market, from Merck KGaA, and Amneal expanded into the dermatology market by taking control of Quinnova Pharmaceuticals. The latter markets a number of products for dermatitis and eczema treatments. PHARMA MATTERS | MOVERS AND SHAKERS
  • 11. We also continued to see deal-making in the biologics arena. Actavis, which has aspirations to become a major player in the biologics arena, is planning to acquire Bioton, based in Poland. Not to be outdone by generics, Big Pharma kept the pressure on with their own generics industry-focused deals involving both large and small molecules. In October, Pfizer signed a deal with Biocon under which Pfizer will have the right to commercialize several recombinant insulins developed by Biocon. And right before New Year’s, Pfizer entered into an agreement with Akorn-Strides, a JV between US-based Akorn and Indian Strides Arcolab, to purchase 16 approved and six pending ANDAs from the joint venture. SECTIOn V: OPEnIng MOVES Based on our research of ANDA filings and Paragraph IV challenges, we highlight some of the companies making significant game plays in the US generics industry. ALKEM LABORATORIES, LTD. Alkem Laboratories, based in Mumbai, India, was founded in 1974. The US FDA, UK MHRA, Brazil’s ANVISA, and other authorities approved the company’s dose manufacturing facilities, and the company claims to export its products to more than 40 countries. Alkem’s formulations have been in the US market since 2009. The company currently holds final approvals for three products and a tentative approval for one, lamivudine. This tentatively- approved product was reviewed under expedited review provisions for the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). The tentative approval made the product eligible for purchase outside the United States even before US patent expiry. At around December 1, 2010, Alkem informed Shire that it had filed an ANDA with Paragraph IV certification for a generic version of Fosrenol (lanthanum carbonate) chewable tablets. We believe that this is the first Paragraph IV filing by Alkem. Alkem is also acting as a contract manufacturer and is making amlodipine besylate finished dose product for a number of companies, including Breckenridge and Ascend. PHARMA MATTERS | MOVERS AND SHAKERS
  • 12. STASOn PHARMACEUTICALS, InC. Stason Pharmaceuticals, based in Irvine, California, is a privately held pharmaceutical company involved in developing, manufacturing, and marketing both generic and branded products. Its primary area of development is oncology. The company was founded by Harry Fan and has a strategic alliance with Standard Chemical and Pharmaceutical Company of Taiwan, which was founded by his father and is today managed by his brother. While in the beginning the two companies worked separately, today Stason and Standard are closely collaborating and have a joint pipeline in the United States. Stason currently holds five ANDAs, but is geared to file four to five or more ANDAs per year, mostly in the areas of oncology and CNS. The two companies also have their eyes set on biopharmaceuticals. They jointly created Stonsa Biopharm, Inc., a new spin-off biopharmaceutical company, based in Southern California. In December 2010, Stason and Lonza announced that they had signed an agreement granting Stason a worldwide license to use Lonza’s GS (glutamine synthetase) Gene Expression System. Stason is also a player in the contract manufacturing arena and provides both non-high containment and high containment manufacturing services to a number of companies, including Par, Cypress, and Heritage. Stason is capable of manufacturing both solid and semi-solid dosage forms, including immediate and delayed-release tablets and capsules, fast-disintegrating tablets, creams, and lotions. HAnDA PHARMACEUTICALS, LLC. Handa Pharmaceuticals, based in Fremont, California, is a specialty pharmaceutical company founded by Dr. Fangyu “Bill” Liu in 2005. Liu previously served as Chief Operating Officer and Vice President of Product Development and Operations at Anchen Pharmaceuticals. Handa is focusing on difficult-to- formulate, controlled-release formulations. In July 2009, Fosun Pharmaceutical of China invested in Handa; today they own about 10 percent of the company. Handa and Fosun have announced that they will cooperate to jointly develop generic drugs and challenge patents both in the United States and in Europe. In July 2008, Handa announced that it had filed an ANDA for AstraZeneca’s Seroquel XR (quetiapine fumarate extended- release tablets). The company claimed that it was the first to file an ANDA with Paragraph IV certification for several strengths and should be entitled to 180 days of marketing exclusivity. In December 2010, Handa received tentative approval of its ANDA. According to the Chinese media, this was the first time that a company with Chinese ties has received a tentative approval for a patent challenge product and could be entitled to the 180-day generic exclusivity. PHARMA MATTERS | MOVERS AND SHAKERS
  • 13. Image CopyrIght: REUTERS/Petr Josek BIologICs one of our new optIonal modules Follow-on biologics are fast becoming a reality in global pharmaceutical markets. The passing of the 2010 Healthcare Reform Act defines the framework and exclusivity rules concerning biosimilars in the US, and is expected to fuel increased activity in this important area for generics, traditional small-molecule focused innovators, and biotech companies. The Newport Biologics Module contains unique manufacturing process data covering biologic drugs. Companies considering pursuing biosimilar opportunities can analyze multiple potential bio-manufacturing processes for each drug, genetic sequences, process steps, starting materials, and equipment required, as well as review related patents and literature references. Also included is US BLA (Biologics License Application) data for drugs approved through this regulatory route. HOW TO SUBSCRIBE The Newport Biologics Module is an optional subscription module that may be added to your Newport Premium™ subscription for an additional annual charge. To get a quotation, contact your account manager or visit interest.science.thomsonreuters.com/forms/newport_biologics_module Also available to enhance your subscription are modules covering Generic Deals, Phase III Drugs and US Market Share. ©2011 Thomson Reuters. All rights reserved. Thomson Reuters and the Kinesis logo are trademarks of Thomson Reuters.
  • 14. To sign up to our Pharma Matters range of publications visit: go.thomsonreuters.com/pharmamatters THE ONES TO WATCH Focuses on the latest phase changes in the pharmaceutical pipeline. MOVERS AND SHAKERS Unravels the most significant game-play in the U.S. generics market. THE CUTTING EDGE OF CHEMISTRY Insights into the chemistry advances transforming drug discovery and development. ABOUT NEWPORT PREMIUM Newport Premium is the critical product targeting and global business development system from Thomson Reuters, the industry authority on the global generics market. Created specifically for generic pharmaceutical companies and strategic API manufacturers, it can help you to identify and evaluate product opportunities worldwide, ensuring you’ll be first to find the generic product and niche opportunity, first to make the deal, and first to get to market. ABOUT THOMSON REUTERS Thomson Reuters is the leading source of intelligent information for professionals around the world. Our customers are knowledge workers in key sectors of the global economy. We supply them with the intelligent information they need to succeed in fields that are vital to developed and emerging economies such as law, financial services, tax and accounting, healthcare, science, and media. Our knowledge and information is essential for drug companies to discover new drugs and get them to market faster, for researchers to find relevant papers and know what’s newly published in their subject, and for businesses to optimize their intellectual property and find competitive intelligence. NOTE TO PRESS: To request information or permission to reproduce content from this report, please contact: Paul Sandell Phone: + 44 (0)20 7433 4704 Email: paul.sandell@thomsonreuters.com For more information on Thomson Reuters API Intelligence solutions, including Newport Premium, please visit go.thomsonreuters.com/newport or email scientific.lifesciences@thomsonreuters.com healthCare & sCIenCe regIonal offICes North America Philadelphia +1 800 336 4474 +1 215 386 0100 Latin America Brazil +55 11 8370 9845 Other countries +1 215 823 5674 Europe, Middle East and Africa London +44 20 7433 4000 Asia Pacific Singapore +65 6775 5088 Tokyo +81 3 5218 6500 For a complete office list visit: science.thomsonreuters.com/contact LS-9117 1110 DA Copyright © 2011 Thomson Reuters