Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Abutilon indicum stem_IJRPP

1. _________________________________
* Corresponding author:
Sowjanya Kumar Reddy R,
Vision College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research,
C. C. M. B. Colony, Boduppal (P),
Ghatkesar (M), Ranga Reddy (D), Pin: 500092. A. P, India.
E-mail address: rachapallisowjanya@gmail.com
Available Online at: www.ijrpp.com
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVIT
ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF
*1
Sowjanyakumar Reddy R, 2
Mohan Krishna
Vision College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research
__________________________________________
ABSTRACT
The antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract
tested against Gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli ATCC 69314, Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441, using disc
diffusion assay method. In this study, the highest antibacterial potentials were observed against Bacillus subtilis
(23.65±0.01mm), and less activity found against Escherichia coli (8.70±0.12mm). Our finding suggests that the
ethanol extract of Abutilon indicum has potent antibacterial activity against the pathogenic strains of Bacillus
subtilis.
Key words: Antimicrobial activity, Ultra
_____________________________________________________
INTRODUCTION
Resistance to antimicrobial agents (AMR) has
resulted in morbidity and mortality from treatment
failures and increased health care costs. Although
defining the precise public health risk and
estimating the increase in costs is not a simple
undertaking, there is little doubt that emergent
antibiotic resistance is a serious global problem. The
use of plants to treat various diseases in India is
dates back to the time of Rig-Veda (3500 to 1800 BC)
[1]
. The plants containing active compounds are
important. The beneficial medicinal effects in the
Plant materials typically result from the
combinations of secondary products present in the
plant. In plants, these compounds are mostly
secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, steroids,
tannins and phenol compounds,
synthesized and deposited in specific parts or in all
parts of the plant. The secondary metabolites with
adequate antibacterial potency will be used in the
treatment of the bacterial infections [2]
. The studies
of medicinal plants not end just with the knowledge
_______________________________________
Vision College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research,
Ghatkesar (M), Ranga Reddy (D), Pin: 500092. A. P, India.
rachapallisowjanya@gmail.com
Available Online at: www.ijrpp.com Print ISSN: 2278 - 2648
Online ISSN: 2278 - 2656
(Research article)
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ULTRA-SONIC BATH ASSISTED
ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ABUTILON INDICUM STEM.
Mohan Krishna L, 3
Debashrita Sahoo, 4
Ashok Kumar
Vision College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, A.P, India.
_________________________________________________________________
The antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract ultra-sonic bath assisted obtained from Abutilon indicum
negative bacteria like Escherichia coli ATCC 69314, Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441, using disc
diffusion assay method. In this study, the highest antibacterial potentials were observed against Bacillus subtilis
d less activity found against Escherichia coli (8.70±0.12mm). Our finding suggests that the
has potent antibacterial activity against the pathogenic strains of Bacillus
Antimicrobial activity, Ultra-sonic bath sonication, Disc diffusion assay.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Resistance to antimicrobial agents (AMR) has
resulted in morbidity and mortality from treatment
failures and increased health care costs. Although
defining the precise public health risk and
estimating the increase in costs is not a simple
re is little doubt that emergent
antibiotic resistance is a serious global problem. The
use of plants to treat various diseases in India is
Veda (3500 to 1800 BC)
. The plants containing active compounds are
e beneficial medicinal effects in the
Plant materials typically result from the
combinations of secondary products present in the
plant. In plants, these compounds are mostly
secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, steroids,
tannins and phenol compounds, which are
synthesized and deposited in specific parts or in all
parts of the plant. The secondary metabolites with
adequate antibacterial potency will be used in the
. The studies
ith the knowledge
of their therapeutic uses. Various aspects of
medicinal plants have to be studied in depth for
their optimum utilization. Plants with possible
antimicrobial activity should be tested against an
appropriate microbial model to confirm the
and to ascertain the parameters associated with it.
The plant Abutilon indicum belongs to family
Malvaceae, has been referred with different names as
monkeybush, kangi, Indian mallow. This plant is
native of Southeast Asia, now widespread as a
tropical weed [3]
. Occurring in disturbed sites at low
elevations near the ocean" [4]
. The bark is used as a
febrifuge, anthelminthic, alexeteric. The bark is
valued as a diuretic and in urinary complaints. The
leaves are prescribed for toothache, lumbago, piles
and in all kinds of inflammation. The leaves are also
beneficial in bleeding piles. The leaves can also be
used to treat ulcers, headaches and bladder
infections. The root cures uterine haemorrhagic
discharges. The infusion of the root is prescribed in
fevers as a cooling medicine and is useful in
strangury, haematuria, and in leprosy. The seeds are
reckoned aphrodisiac and are used as a laxative in
piles and in treatment of cough .According to the
International Journal of
Research in Pharmacology and
Pharmacotherapeutics
27
(Research article)
SONIC BATH ASSISTED
Ashok Kumar K.
_______________________________
Abutilon indicum stem was
negative bacteria like Escherichia coli ATCC 69314, Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441, using disc
diffusion assay method. In this study, the highest antibacterial potentials were observed against Bacillus subtilis
d less activity found against Escherichia coli (8.70±0.12mm). Our finding suggests that the
has potent antibacterial activity against the pathogenic strains of Bacillus
________________________
of their therapeutic uses. Various aspects of
medicinal plants have to be studied in depth for
their optimum utilization. Plants with possible
antimicrobial activity should be tested against an
appropriate microbial model to confirm the activity
and to ascertain the parameters associated with it.
belongs to family
Malvaceae, has been referred with different names as
monkeybush, kangi, Indian mallow. This plant is
native of Southeast Asia, now widespread as a
. Occurring in disturbed sites at low
. The bark is used as a
febrifuge, anthelminthic, alexeteric. The bark is
valued as a diuretic and in urinary complaints. The
leaves are prescribed for toothache, lumbago, piles
and in all kinds of inflammation. The leaves are also
iles. The leaves can also be
used to treat ulcers, headaches and bladder
infections. The root cures uterine haemorrhagic
discharges. The infusion of the root is prescribed in
fevers as a cooling medicine and is useful in
osy. The seeds are
reckoned aphrodisiac and are used as a laxative in
piles and in treatment of cough .According to the
International Journal of
Research in Pharmacology and
Pharmacotherapeutics

2. 28
Sowjanya Kumar Reddy R et al / Int. Jour. of Res. in Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics Vol-1[1] 2012 [27-29]
www.ijrpp.com
Chinese in Hong Kong; the seeds are employed as an
emollient and demulcent. The flowers are used to
increase semen in men [5]
. Antimycotic activity [6]
, Anti-
inflammatory and Anti-asthmatic activity[7]
, Wound
healing activity[8]
. Review of literature and a detailed
study of the traditional therapeutic practices
adopted, indicated that Abutilon indicum stem could
be possible source for obtaining potential plant
products with antibacterial activity. Hence, the
present investigation was carried out to screen and
to evaluate phytochemical, antimicrobial action of
Abutilon indicum stem.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Plant material
The plant material was collected from Boduppal,
Hyderabad district, and Andhra Pradesh, India. It
was identified by Prof. B. Badharaih Department of
Botany, Osmania University, and Hyderabad. Voucher
no. 0097 of the plant was deposited in the
Department of Botany, Osmania University, and
Hyderabad. Air-dried under the shade at room
temperature. Dried plant material was pulverized
and the powder kept in polyethylene bags.
Preparation of plant extracts
Accurately weighed plant material was soaked in the
conical flask by using ethanol solvent. Extraction was
done by using ultra-sonic bath sonicator and the
solvent recovery done by using simple distillation
method. Extract was collected and stored in the
refrigerator. The percentage yield of prepared
extract was around 10.5% w/w.
Antimicrobial activity
Media preparation
Muller-Hinton agar was prepared from a
commercially available dehydrated base according to
the manufacturer's instructions. Later, the medium
was dispensed to conical flask and plugged with
non-absorbent wool and sterilized in the autoclave
for 15-30 minutes at 121°C. Well-isolated colonies of
the gram +ve bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) and gram –ve
bacteria (Escherichia coli) were selected from slant
cultures. The top of each colony was touched with a
loop, and the growth was transferred into a tube
containing 4 to 5 ml of a suitable broth medium
separately. The broth cultures were incubated at
35o
C until it achieved sufficient turbidity (2 to 6
hours).
Inoculation of Test Plates
A sterile cotton swab was dipped into the
suspension. The swab was rotated several times and
pressed firmly on the inside wall around the tube
above the fluid level to remove excess inoculums
from the swab. The dried surface of a Muller-Hinton
agar plate was inoculated by streaking the swab over
the entire sterile agar surface. This procedure was
repeated by streaking two more times, rotating the
plate approximately 60o
each time to ensure an even
distribution of inoculums. As a final step, the rim of
the agar was swabbed. Four plates were streaked
with gram +ve (Bacillus subtilis) bacteria and four
plates with gram –ve (Escherichia coli) bacteria.
The antibacterial discs were dispensed onto the
surface of the inoculated agar plate. Each disc was
pressed down to ensure complete contact with the
agar surface. The discs were placed with a
dispensing apparatus, and were distributed evenly.
Three discs of ethanol extract, and one of the
standard disc (Gentamicin) was placed on the surface
of agar plate. 8 plates of Muller Hinton Agar, i.e. 4 of
gram +ve (Bacillus subtilis) and 4 of gram –ve
(Escherichia coli) plates were dispensed with discs in
the same manner. The plates were inverted and
placed in an incubator set to 35o
C within 15 minutes
after the discs were applied. Then Incubated for 24
hours. And results were observed. (Table-1)
Table-1: Antibacterial activity of the Abutilon indicum stem extract by disc diffusion assay
Extracts Zone of inhibition(mm)
Escherichia coli ATCC 69314 Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441
Ethanol extract (200 mg/ml) 8.70 ± 0.12 23.65 ± 0.01
Gentamicin (10mcg/disc) 30 ± 0.1 36 ± 0.01

3. 29
Sowjanya Kumar Reddy R et al / Int. Jour. of Res. in Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics Vol-1[1] 2012 [27-29]
www.ijrpp.com
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The results of invitro antibacterial studies showing
that ethanol extract of Abutilon indicum stem extract
was shown significant activity when compared with
standard Gentamicin (10mcg/disc). In the present
study the antibacterial activity of A. indicum may be
attributed to individual or synergistic effect of
phytoconsitituents present in it. The ethanol extract
of stem plant exhibited the significant wide
spectrum of antibacterial activity against both
Gram’s positive and Gram’s negative bacteria.
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