german education system

1. Education System
GERMANY

2. History
Prussian Era Martin Luther advocated compulsory schooling so that all people
would independently be able to read and interpret the Bible
German Empire When the German Empire was formed in 1871, the school system
became more centralized. In 1872, Prussia recognized the first separate
secondary schools for girls
Weimar Republic After World War I, the Weimar Republic established a free, universal 4-
year elementary school (Grundschule)
Nazi Germany During the Nazi era (1933–1945), teaching of Nazi ideologies was added
to the education programme; however, the basic education system
remained unchanged
East Germany The German Democratic Republic (East Germany) started its own
standardized education system in the 1960s. The East German
equivalent of both primary and secondary schools was the Polytechnic
Secondary School (Polytechnische Oberschule), which all students
attended for 10 years, from the ages of 6 to 16
West Germany After World War II, the Allied powers (Soviet Union, France, Britain, and
the USA) ensured that Nazi ideology was eliminated from the curriculum.

3. Overview
 The responsibility for the German education system lies primarily with
the states (Länder) while the federal government plays only a minor role.
 Over 99% of Germans age 15 and above are estimated to be able to read and write.
 A system of apprenticeship called Duale Ausbildung ("dual education")
allows pupils in vocational training to learn in a company as well as in a
state-run vocational school.
 Optional kindergarten education is provided for all children between three
and six years old, after which school attendance is compulsory for at least
nine years.
 Primary education usually lasts for four to six years and public schools are
not stratified at this stage.

4.  In contrast, secondary education includes traditional types of schools
focused on different levels of academic ability:
Gymnasium enrols the most gifted children and prepares students for
university studies
Fachoberschule admission after grade ten or eleven until grade twelve
Realschule for intermediate students lasts six years
Hauptschule prepares pupils for vocational education
Gesamtschule (comprehensive school)
 The general entrance requirement for university is Abitur, a
qualification normally based on continuous assessment during the
last few years at school and final examinations; however there are a
number of exceptions, and precise requirements vary, depending on
the state, the university and the subject.

5. . Most of the German universities are public institutions, funded by the
Länder governments, and students have traditionally undertaken study
without fee payment.
Tuition fee:
In 2005 the public universities introduced tuition fees of around €60 per semester
(and up to €500 in the state of Niedersachsen) for each student for a trial
period;however, the German public was not amenable to the experiment and the
temporary fee-based system was mostly abolished, with two remaining
universities to cease the fee requirement by the end of 2014.

6.  The dual education system that combines practical and theoretical
learning, but does not lead to an academic degree, is typical for Germany
and is recognised as an exemplary model for other countries
 The established universities in Germany are among the oldest in the
world.
 Heidelberg University being the oldest in Germany (established in 1386
and in continuous operation since then). Heidelberg is followed by Leipzig
University (1409), Rostock University (1419), Greifswald University
(1456), Freiburg University (1457), LMU Munich (1472) and the University
of Tübingen (1477).
 Academic research is also performed at independent non-university
research institutions, such as the Max Planck, Fraunhofer, Leibniz and
Helmholtz institutes. Many of these institutions have close connections
with nearby universities.

7. Heidelberg University is
the oldest of Germany's
universities and among its
best ranked. It was
established in 1386.
Wendelstein 7-X, a
research facility at the
Max Planck Institute of
Plasma Physics in
Greifswald. Much of
Germany's academic
research is done in
independent institutes.
Germany is the destination for the
Engineering students. The
exposure for them is much higher
than any other country.

8. Standard classroom at a primary
school in Germany
School year
The school year starts after the
summer break (different from state
to state, usually end/mid of August)
and is divided into two terms. There
are typically 12 weeks of holidays in
addition to public holidays. Exact
dates differ between states, but there
are generally 6 weeks of summer and
two weeks of Christmas holiday. The
other holiday periods occur in spring
(usually around Easter Sunday) and
autumn (the former "harvest
holiday", where farmers used to need
their children for field work). Schools
can also schedule two or three special
days off per term.

9. Public and Private Schools
In 2006, six percent of German children attended private
schools
Special Schools
A special school for
children with special
emotional needs in Kötitz,
Germany

10. Elite schools
St. Afra is one of few
specialist schools that
serve only gifted children
Thank You!
PPT Presentation prepared
by:
YSM
ABIS - 3