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Governing Large-Scale Marine Commons
- 1. 14 September 2010 Governing Large-Scale Marine Commons Pedro Fidelman Governing Large-Scale Marine Commons Pedro Fidelman
- 3. © Pedro Fidelman 2010
- 4. â The Tragedy of The Commonsâ
- 6. © Pedro Fidelman 2010 Attributes Commons Local Complex Spatial Scale Small Large Nature of CPR Single Multiple and interlinked Rule-making Local Multiple level Nature of rules Informal norms Formal rules & informal norms Property rights Common-pool Multiple Management Single use Multiple uses Political actors Local community/few users Multiple actors and users Role of context Internal relationships Complex internal and external relationships
- 7. Walker et al., Science (2009).
- 12. The Coral Triangle â Population & Culture © Pedro Fidelman 2010 Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Timor Leste PNG Solomon Islands Colonisation Dutch British Spanish, American Portuguese German, British, Australian British Population (million) 240.3 25.7 97.9 1.1 6.1 0.6 Growth (% pa) 1.1 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.4 Main ethnic groups Javanese, Sundanese, several small groups Malay, Chinese, Indian Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano Austronesia (Malayo-Polynesian), Papuan Melanesian: several thousand communities Melanesian Language Bahasa Indonesia, local dialects (e.g., Javanese) Bahasa Malaysia Filipino; eight major dialects Tetum, Portuguese, Indonesian Tok Pisin, English, and Hiri Motu; some 860 indigenous languages Melanesian pidgin; English; 120 indigenous languages. Literacy* (%) 90.4 88.7 92.6 58.6 57.3 - Predominant Religion Muslim Muslim Roman Catholic Roman Catholic Christian Christian
- 14. The Coral Triangle - Economy © Pedro Fidelman 2010 Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Timor Leste PNG Solomon Islands GDP ppp ($ billion) 932.1 385.2 327.2 2.8 13.4 1.1 GDP per capita ppp 3,900 15,700 3,400 2,500 2,300 1,900 Growth rate (% pa) 5.9 5.1 4.6 12.8 6.3 7.3 GDP per sector (%): Agriculture 13.5 9.7 14.7 32.2 32.8 42 Industry 45.6 44.6 31.6 12.8 36.5 11 Services 40.8 45.7 53.7 55 30.6 47
- 16. The Coral Triangle - Governance © Pedro Fidelman 2010 Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Timor Leste PNG Solomon Islands Legal System Roman-Dutch law English common law, and Islamic law (a) Spanish and Anglo-American law Indonesian law; TBR by Portuguese law English common law English common law Political System Republic, presidential Parliamentary democracy, constitutional monarchy Republic, presidential Democratic republic, premier-presidential Parliamentary democracy, constitutional monarchy (b) Parliamentary democracy, constitutional monarchy (b) , commonwealth Legislature Upper and lower houses Bicameral parliament; States have hereditary rulers (sultans) Bicameral congress Unicameral national parliament Unicameral national parliament Unicameral national parliament Judiciary Supreme court, without power of judicial review Supreme court Supreme court, court of appeals, Sandigan-bayan (corruption cases) Supreme court of justice Supreme, national, and local and village courts Court of appeal
- 18. The Coral Triangle - Governance © Pedro Fidelman 2010 Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Timor Leste PNG Solomon Islands NRM Governance Decentralised Centralised Decentralised Centralised Customary Customary Administra-tive divisions 33 provinces, regencies, cities, sub-districts, village groupings 13 states, districts and mukims 17 regions, 80 provinces, 120 cities, municipalities, barangays 13 districts, subdistrict, sucos and towns, villages and hamlets 20 provinces, districts, local area govern-ments 9 provinces, 1 capital territory
- 20. capacity to formulate & implement policies
- 29. Can the âTragedy of the Commonsâ be averted? ? Can the âTragedy of the Commonsâ be averted?
- 34. © Pedro Fidelman 2010 ! WARNING THERE IS NO END GAME !
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Review this slide...
- Insert photos of coral reefs fisheries etc.
- A common-pool resource a large no. of people have access to⊠Overuse results in resource degradation⊠The CPR can be sustained if users refrain themselves. The Dilemma: the CPR collapses if you limit use and your neighbours donât⊠and you have lost the short-term benefits.
- Government: lack of resources, capacity etc Private: does not ensure sustainability. Here will always remains the temptation to exhaustively harvest a resource and bank the money obtained, particularly if the money grows faster than the resource. see De Young http://www-personal.umich.edu/~rdeyoung/tragedy.html
- Complexity can lead to fragmention⊠and require coordination/collaboration. ANIMATION
- >>Nested institutions: Institutions should be complex, redundant and nested in many layers⊠as many of the complex contemporary problems are apparent in multiple levels simultaneously (provide physical, technical and institutional infrastructure â encourage adaptation and change).
- >> Interplay : Most institutions interact with other similar arrangements both horizontally and vertically. Horizontal interactions occur at the same level of social organisation. Vertical interplay occurs across the different levels of social organisation. Interaction between and among organisation may take two forms: Functional interdependence occurs when two or more institutions address problems that are linked in biogeophysical or socio-economic terms. Politics of design when players forge links between issues and institutions intentionally to achieve individual or collective goals (joint funding mechanisms). Use examples GBRMPA, QDPI&F, Community etc. GBRMPA + Defence (Islands)+ Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (Reef Plan) â GBRMPA + DPI&F (Field Management) + QPWS (DERM).
- Complexity can and lead to fragmentation⊠and require coordination/collaboration.
- >>There is no optimum governance design : we should expect that governance systems will be operating at less optimum levels given the difficulty to fine-tuning complex multi-layered systems. Plus, the SES are dynamics.