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Compensation Thought Leadership
2012Q3 - Communication




Communica)on:	
  The	
  Key	
  to	
  Winning	
  the	
  Rela)ve	
  TSR	
  Race

 As	
  is	
  the	
  case	
  with	
  all	
  compensa0on	
  programs,	
  clear	
  and	
  transparent	
  communica0on	
  is	
  cri0cal	
  to	
  success.	
  
 This	
  is	
  especially	
  true	
  for	
  performance-­‐based	
  equity	
  awards,	
  which	
  are	
  o=en	
  among	
  the	
  most	
  complex	
  forms	
  
 of	
  employee	
  compensa0on.	
  And	
  although	
  performance-­‐based	
  equity	
  awards	
  present	
  significant	
  opportuni0es	
  
 to	
  improve	
  communica0on,	
  they	
  also	
  require	
  careful	
  approaches	
  to	
  employee	
  engagement.	
  The	
  following	
  
 ar0cle	
  explores	
  common	
  communica0on	
  challenges	
  associated	
  with	
  Rela0ve	
  TSR	
  and	
  other	
  performance	
  
 metrics	
  and	
  presents	
  solu0ons	
  to	
  ensure	
  the	
  successful	
  implementa0on	
  and	
  management	
  of	
  performance	
  
 equity	
  plans.	
  To	
  start,	
  we	
  begin	
  with	
  the	
  short	
  story	
  to	
  set	
  the	
  scene	
  and	
  to	
  illustrate	
  the	
  consequences	
  of	
  
 poor	
  communica0on:


                                                             Bob’s First Race
     A	
  Runner’s	
  Tale

     Meet	
  Bob.	
  He’s	
  been	
  fast	
  his	
  en1re	
  life.	
  When	
  he	
   was	
  five	
  years	
  old,	
  he	
  ran	
  across	
   his	
  backyard	
  with	
  the	
  
     wind	
  blowing	
  through	
  his	
   hair.	
  He	
  thought	
  he	
  might	
  be	
  as	
  fast	
  as	
   a 	
  car,	
  but	
   he	
  wasn’t	
  allowed	
  to	
  run	
  on	
  
     the	
  street	
  to	
  find	
  out.

     When	
  he	
  got	
  older,	
  he	
  wanted	
  to	
  run	
  on	
  the	
   high	
  school	
   track	
  team,	
  but	
   he	
   was	
   home	
  schooled.	
  To	
  get	
  
     around	
   this,	
  Bob	
  would	
   1me	
   his	
   own	
   runs	
   by	
   holding	
  a	
   stopwatch	
  in	
  his	
   hand.	
  Then,	
   to	
  see	
  where	
   he	
  
     stood,	
   he	
   checked	
   the	
   local	
   teams’	
   race	
   results	
   posted	
   in	
   the	
   newspaper.	
   His	
   1mes	
   always	
   beat	
   the	
  
     reported	
  1mes,	
  so	
  Bob	
  knew	
  he	
  was	
  fast.

     In	
  college,	
  Bob	
  started	
  racing	
   world-­‐class	
  runners.	
  He	
   first	
  no1ced	
  the	
  other	
  compe1tors	
  were	
   far	
  more	
  
     muscular	
   than	
  him.	
  They	
  had	
  very	
  specific	
  warm-­‐up	
  and	
  prepara1on	
  rou1nes.	
  It	
  was	
  obvious	
  that	
  many	
  
     made	
   running	
   their	
   first	
  priority.	
   Unlike	
   Bob,	
   school	
  and	
  work	
   seemed	
   to	
  not	
  be	
   a	
   distrac1on	
   for	
  the	
  
     other	
  compe1tors.	
  Bob	
  was	
  impressed,	
  but	
  not	
  too	
  concerned.

     During	
  his	
   first	
  college	
  track	
  meet,	
   Bob	
  signed	
  up	
  to	
  run	
   three	
   events:	
   the	
   100-­‐meter	
  dash,	
  the	
  5K	
  race,	
  
     and	
  the	
  marathon.

     When	
   he	
  looked	
   at	
  the	
   line-­‐ups,	
   he	
   no1ced	
  that	
  he	
  was	
   running	
   against	
  different	
  compe1tors	
   in	
   every	
  
     race.	
   In	
  fact,	
  every	
  other	
  runner	
  seemed	
  to	
  specialize	
  in	
   short,	
  mid-­‐	
   or	
  long-­‐range	
  events.	
  Of	
   course,	
  Bob	
  
     was	
  not	
  really	
  worried.

     As	
   he	
   lined	
   up	
  for	
  the	
   100-­‐meter	
   dash,	
  Bob	
  no1ced	
  the	
   size	
   of	
   the	
  runners	
   on	
  either	
   side	
   of	
  him.	
   They	
  
     were	
   huge.	
  The	
  gun	
  went	
  off	
  and	
  Bob	
  realized	
  he	
  had	
  a	
  very	
  good	
  view	
  of	
  the	
   back	
  of	
  their	
   shirts	
  as	
  they	
  
     ran	
  away.	
  Bob	
  finished	
  in	
  last	
  place	
   and	
  was	
  very	
  disappointed.	
  How	
   did	
   this	
  happen,	
   didn’t	
  they	
   know	
  
     that	
  Bob	
  was	
  fast?
Thinking	
  over	
  Bob’s	
  story,	
  several	
  important	
  ques0ons	
  emerge.	
  Why	
  did	
  Bob	
  finish	
  in	
  last	
  place?	
  
Perhaps	
  Bob	
  was	
  compe0ng	
  against	
  the	
  wrong	
  peers?	
  Perhaps	
  Bob	
  was	
  in	
  the	
  wrong	
  race	
  based	
  on	
  
his	
  skills	
  and	
  experience?	
  Or	
  perhaps,	
  due	
  to	
  a	
  lack	
  of	
  informa0on	
  from	
  leaders,	
  team	
  members	
  and	
  
other	
  external	
  forces,	
  Bob	
  was	
  not	
  fully	
  informed	
  to	
  complete	
  successfully	
  in	
  the	
  100-­‐yard	
  dash?	
  
Regardless,	
  if	
  Bob	
  had	
  more	
  informa0on	
  prior	
  to	
  the	
  race,	
  it	
  may	
  have	
  influenced	
  his	
  prepara0on	
  
and	
  in-­‐race	
  decisions,	
  thereby	
  improving	
  his	
  chances	
  of	
  finishing	
  first.	
  Clearly,	
  more	
  context	
  and	
  
beOer	
  communica0on	
  would	
  have	
  helped	
  Bob,	
  and	
  the	
  same	
  goes	
  for	
  the	
  ever-­‐changing	
  and	
  
increasingly	
  complex	
  world	
  of	
  execu0ve	
  compensa0on,	
  par0cularly	
  equity	
  compensa0on.
Globally	
  and	
  in	
  the	
  United	
  Sates,	
  as	
  companies	
  hear	
  the	
  call	
  to	
  ac0on	
  from	
  shareholders	
  for	
  greater	
  
alignment	
  between	
  corporate	
  performance	
  and	
  execu0ve	
  compensa0on,	
  more	
  companies	
  are	
  
making	
  the	
  shi=	
  toward	
  performance-­‐based	
  equity	
  incen0ves.	
  However,	
  for	
  performance	
  awards	
  to	
  
effec0vely	
  influence	
  behaviors	
  and	
  impact	
  decision-­‐making	
  processes,	
  there	
  must	
  be	
  an	
  effec0ve	
  
and	
  frequent	
  communica0on	
  channel.	
  For	
  example,	
  as	
  performance	
  awards	
  become	
  increasingly	
  
complex,	
  it	
  is	
  difficult	
  for	
  employees	
  to	
  understand	
  the	
  performance	
  criteria	
  being	
  measured,	
  the	
  
manner	
  in	
  which	
  is	
  it	
  measured,	
  and	
  the	
  specific	
  performance	
  levels	
  against	
  the	
  goals	
  that	
  are	
  being	
  
achieved	
  during	
  the	
  period.
Employees	
  will	
  always	
  be	
  challenged	
  in	
  comprehending	
  the	
  ac0ons	
  required	
  to	
  sustain	
  a	
  certain	
  
level	
  of	
  performance	
  unless	
  they	
  have	
  access	
  to	
  ongoing	
  informa0on	
  and	
  know	
  where	
  they	
  stand	
  
to-­‐date.	
  Finally,	
  if	
  the	
  design	
  of	
  the	
  award	
  does	
  not	
  align	
  with	
  the	
  company’s	
  overall	
  strategy	
  and	
     Effec)vely	
  
ac0ons,	
  the	
  importance	
  of	
  the	
  performance	
  award	
  will	
  diminish	
  in	
  the	
  eyes	
  of	
  employees.	
  Without	
                 communica)ng	
  the	
  
a	
  certain	
  level	
  of	
  communica0on	
  throughout	
  the	
  design	
  and	
  measurement	
  process,	
  the	
  en0re	
                              possible	
  outcomes	
  
meaning	
  of	
  performance	
  awards	
  can	
  easily	
  be	
  lost	
  on	
  par0cipants.                                                                 of	
  the	
  plan	
  design	
  
                                                                                                                                                            or	
  communica)ng	
  
                                                                                                                                                            with	
  shareholders	
  
Communica)ons	
  Gone	
  Awry                                                                                                                               during	
  the	
  design	
  
                                                                                                                                                            process	
  can	
  allow	
  
In	
  order	
  to	
  understand	
  the	
  importance	
  of	
  communica0on	
  in	
  the	
  performance	
  award	
  process,	
  one	
                        the	
  company	
  to	
  
must	
  first	
  understand	
  common	
  situa0ons	
  where	
  communica0on	
  was	
  not	
  delivered	
  effec0vely:                                         avoid	
  design	
  
      ‣      Failed	
  Communica)on	
  of	
  Plan	
  Design                                                                                                 nuances	
  that	
  will	
  
                                                                                                                                                            not	
  be	
  well-­‐
             Imagine	
  a	
  technology	
  company	
  where	
  employees	
  receive	
  grants	
  of	
  performance	
  shares	
  
                                                                                                                                                            received	
  by	
  the	
  
             with	
  ves0ng	
  0ed	
  to	
  the	
  company’s	
  total	
  shareholder	
  returns	
  (TSR)	
  rela0ve	
  to	
  the	
  TSRs	
  of	
  
                                                                                                                                                            marketplace.	
  
             selected	
  peer	
  companies.	
  And	
  at	
  this	
  par0cular	
  firm,	
  TSR	
  performance	
  ranked	
  at	
  the	
  95th	
  
             percen0le	
  of	
  the	
  peer	
  group	
  a=er	
  the	
  last	
  three-­‐year	
  performance	
  period.	
  At	
  first	
  glance,	
  
             award	
  recipients	
  expected	
  a	
  payout	
  of	
  200%	
  given	
  their	
  strong	
  outperformance	
  against	
  
             the	
  peer	
  group.	
  The	
  only	
  problem	
  was	
  that	
  the	
  company’s	
  actual	
  TSR	
  was	
  flat	
  over	
  the	
  
             same	
  0meframe.	
  
             While	
  the	
  company	
  did	
  outperform	
  most	
  of	
  its	
  peers,	
  shareholders	
  did	
  not	
  receive	
  any	
  real	
  
             apprecia0on.	
  The	
  design	
  of	
  the	
  Rela0ve	
  TSR	
  plan	
  an0cipated	
  this	
  outcome	
  and	
  included	
  a	
  
             modifying	
  func0on	
  buried	
  in	
  the	
  fine	
  print	
  to	
  limit	
  employee	
  gains	
  whenever	
  absolute	
  TSR	
  
             is	
  nega0ve	
  or	
  flat.	
  As	
  a	
  result,	
  final	
  payouts	
  under	
  the	
  Rela0ve	
  TSR	
  plan	
  were	
  reduced	
  to	
  
             100%	
  of	
  target.	
  This	
  approach	
  made	
  shareholders	
  happy,	
  but	
  award	
  recipients	
  were	
  taken	
  
             aback.	
  This	
  was	
  all	
  new	
  news	
  to	
  them,	
  and	
  they	
  had	
  worked	
  hard	
  to	
  outperform	
  the	
  peer	
  
             group	
  in	
  a	
  tough	
  economic	
  environment.	
  
             If	
  the	
  company	
  had	
  previously	
  disclosed	
  to	
  award	
  recipients	
  that	
  final	
  payouts	
  might	
  be	
  
             modified	
  based	
  on	
  absolute	
  performance	
  when	
  TSR	
  is	
  flat	
  or	
  nega0ve,	
  the	
  reac0on	
  from	
  
             employees	
  could	
  have	
  been	
  different.	
  The	
  ul0mate	
  lesson	
  here	
  is	
  to	
  both	
  an0cipate	
  
             unusual	
  award	
  outcomes	
  in	
  the	
  plan	
  design	
  process,	
  and	
  to	
  then	
  communicate	
  the	
  
             poten0al	
  ramifica0ons	
  of	
  plan	
  design	
  decisions	
  to	
  affected	
  employees.	
  
‣      Failed	
  Communica)on	
  of	
  Award	
  Values	
  and	
  Goals
             Now	
  consider	
  a	
  financial	
  services	
  company	
  that	
  first	
  adopted	
  the	
  prac0ce	
  of	
  gran0ng	
  
             awards	
  0ed	
  to	
  Rela0ve	
  TSR	
  in	
  2012.	
  Prior	
  to	
  this	
  year,	
  the	
  company’s	
  annual	
  equity	
  grants	
  
             consisted	
  of	
  tradi0onal	
  stock	
  op0ons	
  and	
  performance	
  shares	
  0ed	
  to	
  a	
  complex	
  series	
  of	
              The	
  goal	
  of	
  all	
  
             internal	
  metrics.	
  Therefore,	
  consolida0ng	
  the	
  equity	
  program	
  around	
  awards	
  0ed	
  to	
                            performance	
  equity	
  
             Rela0ve	
  TSR	
  was	
  viewed	
  by	
  the	
  Compensa0on	
  CommiOee	
  as	
  a	
  simpler,	
  more	
  transparent	
                      is	
  to	
  retain	
  and	
  
             approach	
  to	
  equity	
  compensa0on.	
  Furthermore,	
  the	
  move	
  to	
  Rela0ve	
  TSR	
  served	
  to	
                            reward	
  par)cipants	
  
             reinforce	
  the	
  Compensa0on	
  CommiOee’s	
  commitment	
  to	
  shareholder	
  value	
  crea0on	
  and	
                                while	
  s)ll	
  delivering	
  
             to	
  crea0ng	
  strong	
  alignment	
  between	
  pay	
  and	
  performance.	
  However,	
  for	
  employees	
  not	
                       value	
  to	
  the	
  
             aOuned	
  to	
  the	
  corporate	
  governance	
  environment,	
  the	
  en0re	
  Rela0ve	
  TSR	
  concept	
                                company	
  and	
  
             seemed	
  to	
  be	
  a	
  distant	
  abstrac0on	
  from	
  the	
  solid	
  opera0onal	
  metrics	
  they	
  had	
  previously	
             shareholders.	
  	
  
             aimed	
  for.	
  While	
  complex,	
  the	
  past	
  system	
  was	
  well-­‐ingrained	
  in	
  the	
  company’s	
  culture.	
               Without	
  effec)ve	
  
             Without	
  solid	
  context	
  around	
  the	
  new	
  compensa0on	
  paradigm,	
  employees	
  felt	
                                       communica)on	
  that	
  
             unmo0vated.                                                                                                                                  value	
  is	
  lost.
             Clearly,	
  when	
  the	
  company	
  adopted	
  performance	
  equity	
  awards	
  0ed	
  to	
  Rela0ve	
  TSR	
  
             metrics	
  as	
  their	
  new	
  method	
  of	
  long-­‐term	
  compensa0on,	
  they	
  did	
  not	
  do	
  enough	
  to	
  
             explain	
  to	
  recipients	
  how	
  the	
  awards	
  worked	
  and	
  why	
  the	
  company	
  was	
  compelled	
  to	
  
             switch	
  to	
  this	
  design.	
  Specifically,	
  the	
  company	
  did	
  not	
  explain	
  what	
  day-­‐to-­‐day	
  and	
  long-­‐
             term	
  ac0vi0es	
  would	
  drive	
  performance	
  under	
  the	
  new	
  incen0ve	
  system,	
  nor	
  did	
  they	
  
             share	
  how	
  this	
  approach	
  would	
  ul0mately	
  allow	
  everyone	
  in	
  the	
  company	
  to	
  focus	
  on	
  
             clear	
  and	
  transparent	
  goals.	
  In	
  sum,	
  the	
  Compensa0on	
  CommiOee	
  relied	
  on	
  the	
  promise	
  of	
  
             Rela0ve	
  TSR	
  plans	
  to	
  ease	
  communica0on,	
  while	
  neglec0ng	
  the	
  fact	
  that	
  any	
  change	
  
             requires	
  steady	
  employee	
  engagement.


                                                         The 5K Race
    A	
  Runner’s	
  Tale	
  Con/nued...

    Let’s	
  get	
  back	
  to	
  Bob	
  for	
   a 	
  moment.	
  AQer	
  Bob	
  finished	
  last	
  in	
  the	
   100-­‐meter	
  dash,	
  he	
  
    was	
  very	
  disappointed,	
  but	
  he	
   ate	
   an	
  energy	
  bar,	
  drank	
  some	
   water,	
  and	
  got	
  ready	
  
    for	
  the	
  next	
  event:	
  the	
  5K	
   race.	
   Joe,	
  one	
  of	
  Bob’s	
   teammates,	
  said	
  he	
  heard	
  a	
  couple	
  
    of	
  the	
  runners	
   in	
  the	
  next	
  race	
   had	
  decided	
  to	
  run	
  the	
  first	
  half	
   quickly	
  to	
  wear	
  out	
  
    the	
   compe11on	
  and	
  let	
  the	
  finish	
  be	
  just	
  amongst	
  themselves.	
  When	
   the	
   gun	
  went	
  
    off	
  Bob	
  ran	
  at	
  his	
  own	
  pace,	
  far	
  in	
   the	
  rear.	
  When	
   the	
  race	
   got	
  to	
   the	
  halfway	
  point,	
  
    he	
   started	
   passing	
  1red	
  compe1tors.	
  As	
  he	
  started	
  the	
  last	
  lap	
   he	
   no1ced	
  that	
  there	
  
    were	
  only	
   three	
  people	
  in	
  front	
  of	
  him.	
  He	
  ran	
  hard	
  and	
  passed	
  one	
  of	
  them	
  just	
  as	
  he	
        “Companies	
  rated	
  
    crossed	
  the	
   finish	
  line.	
   He	
   didn’t	
   win,	
  but	
  that	
   small	
  bit	
   of	
   informa1on	
  gave	
   him	
  a	
             by	
  their	
  employees	
  
    chance.	
  It	
  also	
  gave	
  him	
  confidence	
  for	
  the	
   marathon.	
   Remember,	
  Bob	
  knew	
  he	
  was	
                             in	
  the	
  top	
  quar)le	
  
    fast.                                                                                                                                                 in	
  terms	
  of	
  
                                                                                                                                                          openness	
  of	
  
                                                                                                                                                          communica)on	
  
Returning	
  from	
  our	
  story,	
  we	
  see	
  that	
  once	
  Bob	
  was	
  exposed	
  to	
  open	
  communica0on	
  from	
  his	
                   have	
  delivered	
  TSR	
  
teammates,	
  he	
  fared	
  much	
  beOer	
  against	
  the	
  compe00on.	
  The	
  same	
  can	
  be	
  applied	
  to	
  the	
  world	
  of	
           of	
  7.9%	
  compared	
  
equity	
  compensa0on.	
  In	
  fact,	
  the	
  Execu0ve	
  Board	
  found	
  that	
  “companies	
  rated	
  by	
  their	
  employees	
                   with	
  2.1%	
  at	
  other	
  
in	
  the	
  top	
  quar0le	
  in	
  terms	
  of	
  openness	
  of	
  communica0on	
  have	
  delivered	
  TSR	
  [results]	
  (10-­‐year	
  TSR	
        companies”,	
  
1998–2008)	
  of	
  7.9%	
  compared	
  with	
  2.1%	
  at	
  other	
  companies.”	
  So,	
  not	
  only	
  do	
  employees	
  benefit	
                   according	
  to	
  the	
  
from	
  more	
  open	
  communica0on,	
  but	
  so	
  too	
  do	
  companies	
  and	
  its	
  shareholders.                                               Execu)ve	
  Board.
What	
  steps	
  can	
  companies	
  take	
  to	
  open	
  up	
  lines	
  of	
  communica0on	
  with	
  employees,	
  par0cularly	
  
with	
  respect	
  to	
  equity	
  compensa0on?
This	
  process	
  needs	
  to	
  start	
  before	
  an	
  award	
  is	
  granted.	
  Once	
  a	
  company	
  decides	
  to	
  issue	
  a	
  
performance	
  award	
  based	
  upon	
  a	
  certain	
  metric,	
  the	
  company	
  should	
  start	
  to	
  communicate	
  to	
  
employees,	
  shareholders,	
  and	
  the	
  general	
  popula0on.	
  They	
  must	
  help	
  everyone	
  understand	
  why	
  
his	
  is	
  the	
  appropriate	
  metric	
  and	
  how	
  it	
  0es	
  in	
  with	
  the	
  company’s	
  overall	
  business	
  plan.	
  The	
  
company	
  should	
  con0nue	
  this	
  stance	
  on	
  the	
  importance	
  of	
  the	
  metric	
  from	
  the	
  very	
  beginning	
  of	
  
the	
  plan	
  design	
  all	
  the	
  way	
  through	
  its	
  comple0on.	
  One	
  must	
  “walk	
  the	
  walk”	
  if	
  he	
  or	
  she	
  is	
  going	
  to	
     Kickoff	
  
“talk	
  the	
  talk.”                                                                                                                                                 presenta)ons	
  and	
  
Addi0onally,	
  if	
  the	
  company	
  is	
  going	
  to	
  change	
  its	
  focus	
  on	
  certain	
  performance	
  metrics	
  or	
  adopt	
  a	
                   detailed	
  award	
  
completely	
  new	
  plan	
  design,	
  we	
  find	
  it	
  helpful	
  for	
  companies	
  to	
  perform	
  a	
  detailed	
  “kickoff	
                                  agreements	
  can	
  
presenta0on.”	
  In	
  this	
  presenta0on,	
  the	
  company	
  should	
  go	
  through	
  the	
  design	
  and	
  inner	
  workings	
                                really	
  help	
  the	
  
of	
  the	
  plan’s	
  specific	
  details.	
  Examples	
  of	
  hypothe0cal	
  payouts	
  should	
  be	
  included,	
  both	
  on	
  the	
                             par)cipants	
  not	
  
posi0ve	
  and	
  nega0ve	
  ends	
  of	
  the	
  plan.	
  Addi0onally,	
  it	
  may	
  help	
  to	
  explain	
  the	
  external	
  factors	
                          only	
  understand	
  the	
  
contribu0ng	
  to	
  the	
  plan’s	
  design,	
  such	
  as	
  shareholder	
  pressure,	
  changing	
  business	
  goals,	
  or	
  a	
  desire	
                       terms	
  of	
  the	
  award,	
  
to	
  become	
  a	
  leader	
  in	
  corporate	
  governance.	
  Companies	
  can	
  perform	
  these	
  presenta0ons	
                                                but	
  also	
  the	
  goals	
  of	
  
internally,	
  with	
  the	
  help	
  of	
  an	
  external	
  consultant	
  or	
  with	
  the	
  support	
  of	
  cross-­‐func0onal	
  teams	
                         the	
  company.
from	
  across	
  the	
  business,	
  and	
  in	
  our	
  experience,	
  both	
  forms	
  of	
  assistance	
  produce	
  posi0ve	
  
employee	
  reac0ons.
Some	
  companies	
  have	
  also	
  started	
  to	
  provide	
  more	
  concise	
  award	
  agreements	
  and	
  plan	
  
summaries.	
  They	
  create	
  simple	
  documents	
  that	
  present	
  informa0on	
  in	
  a	
  clear	
  manner,	
  rather	
  than	
  
using	
  generic,	
  wordy	
  legal	
  language.	
  This	
  helps	
  employees	
  understand	
  the	
  design	
  of	
  the	
  plan,	
  its	
  
metrics,	
  and	
  the	
  award	
  opportunity,	
  plus	
  it	
  creates	
  a	
  more	
  direct	
  link	
  between	
  performance	
  
expecta0ons,	
  goals	
  and	
  behaviors	
  that	
  can	
  drive	
  desired	
  outcomes.	
  It	
  should	
  be	
  noted	
  that	
  one	
  can	
  
also	
  be	
  too	
  detailed	
  and	
  lose	
  the	
  aOen0on	
  of	
  employees.	
  As	
  such,	
  documents	
  should	
  try	
  to	
  be	
  as	
  
clear	
  as	
  possible	
  without	
  providing	
  excessive	
  informa0on.	
  Part	
  of	
  the	
  solu0on	
  in	
  this	
  case	
  is	
  to	
  
understand	
  your	
  various	
  audiences.	
  Communica0on	
  should	
  be	
  tailored	
  to	
  different	
  groups	
  based	
  on	
  
their	
  experience	
  and	
  knowledge	
  of	
  company	
  opera0ons.


                                                          The Marathon
    A	
  Runner’s	
  Tale	
  Con/nued...

    The	
  marathon	
  was	
   the	
  first	
  race	
  of	
  the	
  next	
   day.	
  Bob	
  used	
  some	
  of	
   this	
   1me	
  to	
  study	
  
    his	
   compe1tors.	
   More	
   importantly	
   he	
   worked	
   on	
   a	
   race	
   strategy.	
  He	
   spoke	
   to	
  his	
  
    coach	
   and	
  other	
  coaches	
   about	
  the	
   best	
  approach	
  to	
  the	
  race	
   course.	
  He	
   recruited	
  
    friends	
   to	
   stand	
   at	
   every	
   mile	
   marker	
   and	
   give	
   him	
   his	
   1me	
   and	
   those	
   of	
   his	
  
    compe1tors.	
  His	
  friends	
  recruited	
  their	
  friends	
   and	
  random	
  crowd	
  members	
   to	
  fill	
  the	
  
    gaps	
   and	
  cheer	
   whenever	
  Bob	
   passed	
   by.	
   When	
  the	
   gun	
  went	
   off	
   Bob	
  focused	
   on	
  
    both	
   strategy	
   and	
  execu1on.	
  The	
  crowd	
  cheered	
   and	
  his	
   adrenaline	
  rushed.	
  Bob	
  felt	
                                        Frequent	
  consistent	
  
    faster	
  than	
  ever.                                                                                                                                            communica)ons	
  
                                                                                                                                                                       ensure	
  con)nued	
  
                                                                                                                                                                       par)cipant	
  
Between	
  finishing	
  the	
  100	
  yard	
  dash	
  in	
  last	
  place	
  and	
  star0ng	
  the	
  marathon	
  with	
  extreme	
                                     alignment	
  and	
  
confidence,	
  Bob	
  learned	
  that	
  beOer	
  informa0on	
  leads	
  to	
  valuable	
  insights	
  that	
  could	
  help	
  him	
                                   evolu)on.	
  Long-­‐
perform	
  at	
  a	
  high	
  level.	
  However,	
  now	
  Bob	
  is	
  taking	
  his	
  communica0on	
  to	
  an	
  en0rely	
  new	
  level.	
  He	
                  term	
  incen)ves	
  
does	
  not	
  just	
  want	
  to	
  understand	
  the	
  complexi0es	
  of	
  the	
  race	
  and	
  his	
  opposi0on	
  at	
  the	
  start;	
  he	
                   require	
  long-­‐term	
  
also	
  wants	
  to	
  understand	
  how	
  he	
  is	
  performing	
  during	
  the	
  race.	
  This	
  type	
  of	
  informa0on	
  will	
  allow	
                    execu)on.
him	
  to	
  understand	
  exactly	
  what	
  he	
  needs	
  to	
  do	
  in	
  order	
  to	
  be	
  successful	
  as	
  the	
  race	
  progresses.
We	
  also	
  observe	
  employees	
  responding	
  well	
  to	
  this	
  sort	
  of	
  in-­‐game	
  informa0on,	
  allowing	
  them	
  to	
  
understand	
  exactly	
  where	
  they	
  stand	
  on	
  performance	
  goals	
  during	
  performance	
  periods.	
  In	
  fact,	
  
Aon	
  HewiO	
  recently	
  released	
  a	
  new	
  study	
  linking	
  employee	
  engagement	
  levels	
  with	
  financial	
  
performance.	
  The	
  study	
  found	
  that	
  “organiza0ons	
  with	
  high	
  levels	
  of	
  engagement	
  con0nue	
  to	
  
outperform	
  the	
  overall	
  stock	
  market	
  index	
  and	
  posted	
  total	
  shareholder	
  returns	
  22%	
  higher	
  than	
  
average	
  in	
  2010.”	
  Furthermore,	
  companies	
  with	
  lower	
  levels	
  of	
  engagement	
  yielded	
  TSRs	
  that	
  were	
  
28%	
  lower	
  than	
  the	
  average.	
  This	
  even	
  held	
  true	
  during	
  more	
  vola0le	
  financial	
  0mes.	
  To	
  sum	
  this	
  
up,	
  when	
  employees	
  are	
  ac0vely	
  engaged	
  in	
  companies,	
  the	
  companies	
  perform	
  beOer,	
  and	
  the	
  
best	
  way	
  to	
  keep	
  employees	
  engaged	
  is	
  to	
  communicate	
  performance	
  and	
  goals	
  o=en	
  and	
  progress	
  
towards	
  the	
  desired	
  outcomes.
So	
  what	
  are	
  companies	
  doing	
  to	
  maintain	
  constant	
  and	
  open	
  streams	
  of	
  communica)on	
  with	
  
employees?
Many	
  companies	
  have	
  started	
  to	
  improve	
  their	
  internal	
  compensa0on	
  communica0on.	
  One	
  major	
  
technology	
  company	
  created	
  a	
  series	
  of	
  short,	
  animated	
  videos	
  to	
  explain	
  the	
  basics	
  of	
  equity	
  
compensa0on.	
  You’ll	
  have	
  to	
  see	
  the	
  videos	
  to	
  believe	
  it,	
  but	
  they	
  make	
  learning	
  about	
  equity	
  
quick,	
  easy	
  and	
  entertaining.	
  Another	
  well-­‐	
  known	
  technology	
  company	
  holds	
  a	
  presenta0on	
  on	
  
annual	
  performance	
  awards	
  at	
  the	
  0me	
  of	
  grant	
  for	
  all	
  employees	
  every	
  year,	
  going	
  through	
  the	
  
plan	
  specifics	
  in	
  detail.	
  Addi0onally,	
  this	
  company	
  then	
  calculates	
  performance	
  levels	
  quarterly,	
  
releasing	
  a	
  statement	
  to	
  employees	
  to	
  show	
  where	
  they	
  stand	
  and	
  how	
  much	
  0me	
  is	
  le=	
  in	
  the	
  
performance	
  period.	
  This	
  informa0on	
  is	
  also	
  provided	
  to	
  the	
  Compensa0on	
  CommiOee	
  to	
  ensure	
  
appropriate	
  plan	
  governance.	
  The	
  plan	
  is	
  also	
  reported	
  in	
  the	
  company’s	
  annual	
  proxy	
  filing	
  to	
  
inform	
  shareholders	
  on	
  the	
  design	
  of	
  execu0ve	
  awards.
Some	
  companies	
  have	
  also	
  hired	
  outside	
  consultants	
  to	
  oversee	
  the	
  ongoing	
  communica0on	
  of	
  
their	
  performance	
  plans.	
  This	
  includes	
  company	
  statements	
  reminding	
  employees	
  of	
  the	
  
importance	
  of	
  achieving	
  their	
  performance	
  goals	
  and	
  where	
  they	
  stand.	
  To	
  this	
  end,	
  Radford	
  has	
  
designed	
  a	
  web-­‐based	
  communica0on	
  tool	
  called	
  PeerTracker.	
  This	
  tool,	
  designed	
  on	
  a	
  company-­‐                            Providing	
  
specific	
  basis,	
  allows	
  plan	
  par0cipants	
  and	
  Compensa0on	
  CommiOee	
  members	
  to	
  view	
  real-­‐0me	
                                   par)cipants	
  with	
  
informa0on	
  on	
  the	
  company’s	
  performance	
  rela0ve	
  to	
  their	
  comparator	
  group	
  on	
  a	
  daily	
  basis.	
                            milestones	
  
Similarly,	
  Performensa0on	
  also	
  offers	
  assistance	
  with	
  tracking	
  data	
  for	
  financial	
  and	
  opera0onal	
                               throughout	
  the	
  
goals	
  and	
  communica0ng	
  messages	
  for	
  performance	
  programs.	
  Whether	
  the	
  metric	
  is	
  TSR	
  or	
  a	
                               performance	
  cycle	
  
financial	
  or	
  opera0onal	
  measure,	
  high-­‐performing	
  companies	
  use	
  frequent	
  and	
  consistent	
                                            allows	
  them	
  to	
  help	
  
communica0on	
  of	
  performance	
  to	
  reinforce	
  goals	
  and	
  drive	
  toward	
  successful	
  outcomes.                                              understand	
  the	
  
                                                                                                                                                                company’s	
  
                                                                                                                                                                performance	
  and	
  
                                                      The Conclusion                                                                                            manage	
  their	
  own	
  
     A	
  Runner’s	
  Tale	
  Con/nued...                                                                                                                       success.

     Bob’s	
   running	
  of	
   the	
   marathon	
  went	
  well.	
  At	
   the	
   first	
  mile	
   marker	
   he	
   was	
   right	
   on	
  
     pace.	
  Every	
   mile	
   marker	
  aQer	
  that	
  he	
  knew	
  if	
  he	
   needed	
  to	
  speed	
  up	
  or	
   slow	
  down,	
  
     and	
  he	
   knew	
  where	
  his	
   compe1tors	
   were	
   and	
  he	
  received	
  water	
   and	
  advice	
   for	
  the	
  
     upcoming	
   mile.	
   The	
   crowd	
   kept	
   cheering	
   and	
   the	
   adrenaline	
   kept	
   rushing.	
   As	
   he	
  
     began	
  the	
   final	
  mile	
   of	
   the	
   race	
   he	
   looked	
   ahead	
  and	
   saw	
  his	
   coach	
  had	
   given	
  the	
  
     crowd	
  a	
   series	
   of	
   signs	
   telling	
  him	
   exactly	
   what	
  he	
   needed	
   do	
   in	
   the	
   final	
  mile.	
   He	
  
     read	
  as	
  he	
  ran	
  and	
  focused	
  on	
  tac1cs	
  and	
  the	
  finish	
   line.	
  Bob	
  didn’t	
  even	
  no1ce	
  as	
  he	
  
     passed	
  the	
  runners	
  in	
  front	
  of	
  him.	
  All	
   he	
  felt	
  was	
  the	
  joy	
  as	
  he	
  finished.	
  SECOND!	
  As	
  
     it	
  turns	
  out,	
  Bob	
  was	
  fast,	
  but	
  he	
  s1ll	
  had	
  room	
  to	
  be	
  even	
  faster	
  next	
  1me


With	
  real-­‐0me	
  informa0on,	
  Bob	
  was	
  able	
  to	
  adjust	
  his	
  tac0cs	
  and	
  change	
  his	
  behavior	
  to	
  boost	
  his	
  
level	
  of	
  performance.	
  The	
  informa0on	
  filtered	
  to	
  him	
  through	
  his	
  different	
  communica0on	
  channels	
  
gave	
  him	
  a	
  compe00ve	
  advantage	
  and	
  the	
  constant	
  reminders	
  of	
  his	
  performance	
  mo0vated	
  him	
  
through	
  to	
  the	
  finish.
Companies	
  can	
  give	
  their	
  employees	
  the	
  same	
  opportuni0es	
  Bob	
  had	
  by	
  simply	
  establishing	
  
effec0ve	
  communica0on	
  processes.	
  It	
  needs	
  to	
  start	
  at	
  the	
  very	
  beginning,	
  even	
  before	
  you	
  design	
  
your	
  plan,	
  and	
  follow	
  through	
  to	
  the	
  conclusion	
  of	
  the	
  performance	
  period	
  and	
  the	
  final	
  
determina0on	
  of	
  final	
  payouts.	
  Mul0ple	
  studies	
  show	
  there	
  is	
  a	
  connec0on	
  between	
  effec0ve	
  
communica0on	
  and	
  company	
  performance.	
  The	
  company	
  may	
  not	
  finish	
  at	
  the	
  very	
  top	
  every	
  0me,	
  
but	
  they	
  are	
  likely	
  to	
  have	
  a	
  more	
  engaged	
  workforce,	
  mo0vated	
  to	
  do	
  their	
  best.	
  This	
  can	
  result	
  in	
  
a	
  compe00ve	
  advantage.
Performensation
About	
  the	
  Authors                                                                                                                                       Contacts:
To	
  contact	
  the	
  authors	
  of	
  this	
  ar0cle,	
  please	
  write	
  to	
  Dan	
  Walter	
  at	
                                                    Dan Walter, President and CEO
                                                                                                                                                              +1 (415) 625-3406
dwalter@performensa0on.com,	
  Terry	
  Adamson	
  at	
  tadamson@radford.com	
  or	
  Daniel	
                                                               dwalter@performensation.com
Kapinos	
  at	
  dkapinos@radford.com.	
  Dan	
  is	
  the	
  President	
  and	
  CEO	
  of	
  Performensa0on	
  and	
  is	
  
located	
  in	
  San	
  Francisco,	
  CA.	
  Terry	
  is	
  a	
  Partner	
  in	
  Radford’s	
  valua0on	
  prac0ce	
  and	
  is	
  based	
  in	
              Mel Jameson, SVP
                                                                                                                                                              +1 (415) 625-3406
Philadelphia,	
  PA.	
  Daniel	
  is	
  a	
  Senior	
  Consultant	
  in	
  Radford’s	
  valua0on	
  prac0ce	
  and	
  is	
  based	
  in	
                     mjameson@performensation.com
Radnor,	
  PA.
About	
  Performensa)on                                                                                                                                       Radford Contacts:
Since	
  2006	
  Performensa0on	
  has	
  focused	
  on	
  providing	
  high	
  performance	
  compensa0on	
  plans	
                                         Boston Office
for	
  publicly-­‐traded	
  and	
  privately-­‐held	
  companies.	
  As	
  a	
  recognized	
  industry	
  thought	
  leader,	
                                Ed Speidel, Partner
we	
  learn	
  as	
  much	
  as	
  possible	
  about	
  your	
  company	
  to	
  diagnose	
  the	
  founda0ons	
  of	
  success.	
                            +1 (508) 628-1552
We	
  then	
  apply	
  this	
  knowledge	
  to	
  custom-­‐fit	
  solu0ons.	
  We	
  offer	
  assistance	
  in	
  tracking	
  and	
                             espeidel@radford.com
monitoring	
  complex	
  performance	
  metrics	
  and	
  collaborate	
  with	
  leading	
  firms	
  such	
  as	
  Radford	
                                   Ted Buyniski, Partner
to	
  ensure	
  access	
  to	
  best	
  of	
  class	
  equity	
  valua0on	
  and	
  TSR	
  metric	
  tracking.	
  Our	
  plan	
  design	
                     +1 (508) 628-1553
and	
  communica0on	
  services	
  deliver	
  structure	
  and	
  messaging	
  that	
  align	
  your	
  goals,	
  culture	
                                   tbuyniski@radford.com
and	
  vision	
  with	
  holis0c	
  compensa0on	
  programs.                                                                                                  Rob Surdel, Associate Partner
                                                                                                                                                              +1 (508) 628-1551
About	
  Radford                                                                                                                                              rsurdel@radford.com
Radford	
  is	
  the	
  industry	
  leader,	
  providing	
  advice	
  and	
  benchmarking	
  to	
  technology	
  and	
  life	
  sciences	
  
                                                                                                                                                              Philadelphia Office
companies	
  to	
  address	
  their	
  toughest	
  HR	
  and	
  rewards	
  challenges:	
  aOrac0ng,	
  engaging	
  and	
  retaining	
  
                                                                                                                                                              Terry Adamson, Partner
talent.	
  Our	
  advisors	
  provide	
  industry-­‐specific	
  exper0se,	
  applying	
  an	
  analy0cal	
  approach	
  that	
  integrates	
  
                                                                                                                                                              +1 (215) 255-1802
market	
  data,	
  trends	
  and	
  our	
  experience	
  in	
  working	
  with	
  more	
  than	
  2,000	
  companies	
  –	
  from	
  Global	
  
                                                                                                                                                              tadamson@radford.com
1000	
  firms	
  to	
  start-­‐ups	
  –	
  to	
  balance	
  the	
  needs	
  of	
  execu0ves,	
  employees	
  and	
  shareholders.	
  Our	
  advice	
  is	
  
customized	
  to	
  a	
  client’s	
  unique	
  situa0on	
  to	
  ensure	
  your	
  rewards	
  programs	
  are	
  not	
  just	
  compe00ve	
  -­‐	
            New York Office
but	
  can	
  be	
  a	
  compe00ve	
  advantage.                                                                                                              Ram Kumar, Director
Radford’s	
  uniquely	
  data-­‐driven	
  perspec0ve	
  is	
  why	
  more	
  technology	
  and	
  life	
  sciences	
  companies,	
  and	
                     +1 (212) 441-2007
their	
  Board	
  of	
  Directors	
  and	
  Compensa0on	
  CommiOee,	
  trust	
  Radford	
  for	
  compensa0on	
  data	
  and	
  advice	
                     rkumar@radford.com
than	
  any	
  other	
  firm.	
  Radford	
  clients	
  rely	
  upon	
  our	
  global	
  survey	
  databases	
  of	
  nearly	
  five	
  million	
  
incumbents	
  for	
  real-­‐0me	
  insight	
  on	
  total	
  compensa0on	
  levels,	
  prac0ces	
  and	
  emerging	
  trends	
  to	
  inform	
                San Diego Office
their	
  HR	
  and	
  reward	
  strategies.                                                                                                                   Ken Wechsler, Director
                                                                                                                                                              +1 (858) 755-8675
Headquartered	
  in	
  San	
  Jose,	
  CA,	
  we	
  have	
  professionals	
  in	
  Bangalore,	
  Beijing,	
  Boston,	
  Brussels,	
  Chicago,	
               ken.wechsler@radford.com
Frankfurt,	
  Hong	
  Kong,	
  London,	
  New	
  York,	
  Philadelphia,	
  San	
  Francisco,	
  Shanghai	
  and	
  Singapore.	
  Radford	
  
is	
  an	
  Aon	
  HewiO	
  company.	
  Visit	
  www.radford.com,	
  or	
  for	
  more	
  informa0on,	
  contact	
                                            San Francisco Office
info.rad@radford.com.                                                                                                                                         Linda E. Amuso, President
                                                                                                                                                              +1 (415) 486-7255
About	
  Aon	
  HewiY
                                                                                                                                                              lamuso@radford.com
Aon	
  HewiO	
  is	
  the	
  global	
  leader	
  in	
  human	
  resource	
  solu0ons.	
  The	
  company	
  partners	
  with	
  organiza0ons	
                 David Knopping, Partner
to	
  solve	
  their	
  most	
  complex	
  benefits,	
  talent	
  and	
  related	
  financial	
  challenges,	
  and	
  improve	
  business	
                    +1 (415) 486-7122
performance.	
  Aon	
  HewiO	
  designs,	
  implements,	
  communicates	
  and	
  administers	
  a	
  wide	
  range	
  of	
  human	
                          dknopping@radford.com
capital,	
  re0rement,	
  investment	
  management,	
  health	
  care,	
  compensa0on	
  and	
  talent	
  management	
  
                                                                                                                                                              Jon Burg, Associate Partner
strategies.	
  With	
  more	
  than	
  29,000	
  professionals	
  in	
  90	
  countries,	
  Aon	
  HewiO	
  makes	
  the	
  world	
  a	
  beOer	
  
                                                                                                                                                              +1 (415) 486-7137
place	
  to	
  work	
  for	
  clients	
  and	
  their	
  employees.	
  For	
  more	
  informa0on	
  on	
  Aon	
  HewiO,	
  please	
  visit	
  
                                                                                                                                                              jburg@radford.com
www.aonhewiO.com.
About	
  Aon                                                                                                                                                  San Jose Office
                                                                                                                                                              Brett Harsen, Associate Partner
Aon	
  plc	
  (NYSE:	
  AON)	
  is	
  the	
  leading	
  global	
  provider	
  of	
  risk	
  management,	
  insurance	
  and	
  reinsurance	
  
brokerage,	
  and	
  human	
  resources	
  solu0ons	
  and	
  outsourcing	
  services.	
  Through	
  its	
  more	
  than	
  61,000	
                          +1 (408) 321-2547
colleagues	
  worldwide,	
  Aon	
  unites	
  to	
  empower	
  results	
  for	
  clients	
  in	
  over	
  120	
  countries	
  via	
  innova0ve	
               bharsen@radford.com
and	
  effec0ve	
  risk	
  and	
  people	
  solu0ons	
  and	
  through	
  industry-­‐leading	
  global	
  resources	
  and	
  technical	
  
exper0se.	
  Aon	
  has	
  been	
  named	
  repeatedly	
  as	
  the	
  world's	
  best	
  broker,	
  best	
  insurance	
  intermediary,	
                     Locations
reinsurance	
  intermediary,	
  cap0ves	
  manager	
  and	
  best	
  employee	
  benefits	
  consul0ng	
  firm	
  by	
  mul0ple	
                               Bangalore, Beijing, Boston,
industry	
  sources.	
  Visit	
  www.aon.com	
  for	
  more	
  informa0on	
  on	
  Aon	
  and	
  www.aon.com/                                                 Brussels, Chicago, Frankfurt, Hong
manchesterunited	
  to	
  learn	
  about	
  Aon's	
  global	
  partnership	
  and	
  shirt	
  sponsorship	
  with	
  Manchester	
                             Kong, London,
United                                                                                                                                                        New York, Philadelphia,
                                                                                                                                                              San Francisco, Shanghai and
                                                                                                                                                              Singapore

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Communicating Performance Metrics Key to Equity Plan Success

  • 1. Compensation Thought Leadership 2012Q3 - Communication Communica)on:  The  Key  to  Winning  the  Rela)ve  TSR  Race As  is  the  case  with  all  compensa0on  programs,  clear  and  transparent  communica0on  is  cri0cal  to  success.   This  is  especially  true  for  performance-­‐based  equity  awards,  which  are  o=en  among  the  most  complex  forms   of  employee  compensa0on.  And  although  performance-­‐based  equity  awards  present  significant  opportuni0es   to  improve  communica0on,  they  also  require  careful  approaches  to  employee  engagement.  The  following   ar0cle  explores  common  communica0on  challenges  associated  with  Rela0ve  TSR  and  other  performance   metrics  and  presents  solu0ons  to  ensure  the  successful  implementa0on  and  management  of  performance   equity  plans.  To  start,  we  begin  with  the  short  story  to  set  the  scene  and  to  illustrate  the  consequences  of   poor  communica0on: Bob’s First Race A  Runner’s  Tale Meet  Bob.  He’s  been  fast  his  en1re  life.  When  he   was  five  years  old,  he  ran  across   his  backyard  with  the   wind  blowing  through  his   hair.  He  thought  he  might  be  as  fast  as   a  car,  but   he  wasn’t  allowed  to  run  on   the  street  to  find  out. When  he  got  older,  he  wanted  to  run  on  the   high  school   track  team,  but   he   was   home  schooled.  To  get   around   this,  Bob  would   1me   his   own   runs   by   holding  a   stopwatch  in  his   hand.  Then,   to  see  where   he   stood,   he   checked   the   local   teams’   race   results   posted   in   the   newspaper.   His   1mes   always   beat   the   reported  1mes,  so  Bob  knew  he  was  fast. In  college,  Bob  started  racing   world-­‐class  runners.  He   first  no1ced  the  other  compe1tors  were   far  more   muscular   than  him.  They  had  very  specific  warm-­‐up  and  prepara1on  rou1nes.  It  was  obvious  that  many   made   running   their   first  priority.   Unlike   Bob,   school  and  work   seemed   to  not  be   a   distrac1on   for  the   other  compe1tors.  Bob  was  impressed,  but  not  too  concerned. During  his   first  college  track  meet,   Bob  signed  up  to  run   three   events:   the   100-­‐meter  dash,  the  5K  race,   and  the  marathon. When   he  looked   at  the   line-­‐ups,   he   no1ced  that  he  was   running   against  different  compe1tors   in   every   race.   In  fact,  every  other  runner  seemed  to  specialize  in   short,  mid-­‐   or  long-­‐range  events.  Of   course,  Bob   was  not  really  worried. As   he   lined   up  for  the   100-­‐meter   dash,  Bob  no1ced  the   size   of   the  runners   on  either   side   of  him.   They   were   huge.  The  gun  went  off  and  Bob  realized  he  had  a  very  good  view  of  the   back  of  their   shirts  as  they   ran  away.  Bob  finished  in  last  place   and  was  very  disappointed.  How   did   this  happen,   didn’t  they   know   that  Bob  was  fast?
  • 2. Thinking  over  Bob’s  story,  several  important  ques0ons  emerge.  Why  did  Bob  finish  in  last  place?   Perhaps  Bob  was  compe0ng  against  the  wrong  peers?  Perhaps  Bob  was  in  the  wrong  race  based  on   his  skills  and  experience?  Or  perhaps,  due  to  a  lack  of  informa0on  from  leaders,  team  members  and   other  external  forces,  Bob  was  not  fully  informed  to  complete  successfully  in  the  100-­‐yard  dash?   Regardless,  if  Bob  had  more  informa0on  prior  to  the  race,  it  may  have  influenced  his  prepara0on   and  in-­‐race  decisions,  thereby  improving  his  chances  of  finishing  first.  Clearly,  more  context  and   beOer  communica0on  would  have  helped  Bob,  and  the  same  goes  for  the  ever-­‐changing  and   increasingly  complex  world  of  execu0ve  compensa0on,  par0cularly  equity  compensa0on. Globally  and  in  the  United  Sates,  as  companies  hear  the  call  to  ac0on  from  shareholders  for  greater   alignment  between  corporate  performance  and  execu0ve  compensa0on,  more  companies  are   making  the  shi=  toward  performance-­‐based  equity  incen0ves.  However,  for  performance  awards  to   effec0vely  influence  behaviors  and  impact  decision-­‐making  processes,  there  must  be  an  effec0ve   and  frequent  communica0on  channel.  For  example,  as  performance  awards  become  increasingly   complex,  it  is  difficult  for  employees  to  understand  the  performance  criteria  being  measured,  the   manner  in  which  is  it  measured,  and  the  specific  performance  levels  against  the  goals  that  are  being   achieved  during  the  period. Employees  will  always  be  challenged  in  comprehending  the  ac0ons  required  to  sustain  a  certain   level  of  performance  unless  they  have  access  to  ongoing  informa0on  and  know  where  they  stand   to-­‐date.  Finally,  if  the  design  of  the  award  does  not  align  with  the  company’s  overall  strategy  and   Effec)vely   ac0ons,  the  importance  of  the  performance  award  will  diminish  in  the  eyes  of  employees.  Without   communica)ng  the   a  certain  level  of  communica0on  throughout  the  design  and  measurement  process,  the  en0re   possible  outcomes   meaning  of  performance  awards  can  easily  be  lost  on  par0cipants. of  the  plan  design   or  communica)ng   with  shareholders   Communica)ons  Gone  Awry during  the  design   process  can  allow   In  order  to  understand  the  importance  of  communica0on  in  the  performance  award  process,  one   the  company  to   must  first  understand  common  situa0ons  where  communica0on  was  not  delivered  effec0vely: avoid  design   ‣ Failed  Communica)on  of  Plan  Design nuances  that  will   not  be  well-­‐ Imagine  a  technology  company  where  employees  receive  grants  of  performance  shares   received  by  the   with  ves0ng  0ed  to  the  company’s  total  shareholder  returns  (TSR)  rela0ve  to  the  TSRs  of   marketplace.   selected  peer  companies.  And  at  this  par0cular  firm,  TSR  performance  ranked  at  the  95th   percen0le  of  the  peer  group  a=er  the  last  three-­‐year  performance  period.  At  first  glance,   award  recipients  expected  a  payout  of  200%  given  their  strong  outperformance  against   the  peer  group.  The  only  problem  was  that  the  company’s  actual  TSR  was  flat  over  the   same  0meframe.   While  the  company  did  outperform  most  of  its  peers,  shareholders  did  not  receive  any  real   apprecia0on.  The  design  of  the  Rela0ve  TSR  plan  an0cipated  this  outcome  and  included  a   modifying  func0on  buried  in  the  fine  print  to  limit  employee  gains  whenever  absolute  TSR   is  nega0ve  or  flat.  As  a  result,  final  payouts  under  the  Rela0ve  TSR  plan  were  reduced  to   100%  of  target.  This  approach  made  shareholders  happy,  but  award  recipients  were  taken   aback.  This  was  all  new  news  to  them,  and  they  had  worked  hard  to  outperform  the  peer   group  in  a  tough  economic  environment.   If  the  company  had  previously  disclosed  to  award  recipients  that  final  payouts  might  be   modified  based  on  absolute  performance  when  TSR  is  flat  or  nega0ve,  the  reac0on  from   employees  could  have  been  different.  The  ul0mate  lesson  here  is  to  both  an0cipate   unusual  award  outcomes  in  the  plan  design  process,  and  to  then  communicate  the   poten0al  ramifica0ons  of  plan  design  decisions  to  affected  employees.  
  • 3. Failed  Communica)on  of  Award  Values  and  Goals Now  consider  a  financial  services  company  that  first  adopted  the  prac0ce  of  gran0ng   awards  0ed  to  Rela0ve  TSR  in  2012.  Prior  to  this  year,  the  company’s  annual  equity  grants   consisted  of  tradi0onal  stock  op0ons  and  performance  shares  0ed  to  a  complex  series  of   The  goal  of  all   internal  metrics.  Therefore,  consolida0ng  the  equity  program  around  awards  0ed  to   performance  equity   Rela0ve  TSR  was  viewed  by  the  Compensa0on  CommiOee  as  a  simpler,  more  transparent   is  to  retain  and   approach  to  equity  compensa0on.  Furthermore,  the  move  to  Rela0ve  TSR  served  to   reward  par)cipants   reinforce  the  Compensa0on  CommiOee’s  commitment  to  shareholder  value  crea0on  and   while  s)ll  delivering   to  crea0ng  strong  alignment  between  pay  and  performance.  However,  for  employees  not   value  to  the   aOuned  to  the  corporate  governance  environment,  the  en0re  Rela0ve  TSR  concept   company  and   seemed  to  be  a  distant  abstrac0on  from  the  solid  opera0onal  metrics  they  had  previously   shareholders.     aimed  for.  While  complex,  the  past  system  was  well-­‐ingrained  in  the  company’s  culture.   Without  effec)ve   Without  solid  context  around  the  new  compensa0on  paradigm,  employees  felt   communica)on  that   unmo0vated. value  is  lost. Clearly,  when  the  company  adopted  performance  equity  awards  0ed  to  Rela0ve  TSR   metrics  as  their  new  method  of  long-­‐term  compensa0on,  they  did  not  do  enough  to   explain  to  recipients  how  the  awards  worked  and  why  the  company  was  compelled  to   switch  to  this  design.  Specifically,  the  company  did  not  explain  what  day-­‐to-­‐day  and  long-­‐ term  ac0vi0es  would  drive  performance  under  the  new  incen0ve  system,  nor  did  they   share  how  this  approach  would  ul0mately  allow  everyone  in  the  company  to  focus  on   clear  and  transparent  goals.  In  sum,  the  Compensa0on  CommiOee  relied  on  the  promise  of   Rela0ve  TSR  plans  to  ease  communica0on,  while  neglec0ng  the  fact  that  any  change   requires  steady  employee  engagement. The 5K Race A  Runner’s  Tale  Con/nued... Let’s  get  back  to  Bob  for   a  moment.  AQer  Bob  finished  last  in  the   100-­‐meter  dash,  he   was  very  disappointed,  but  he   ate   an  energy  bar,  drank  some   water,  and  got  ready   for  the  next  event:  the  5K   race.   Joe,  one  of  Bob’s   teammates,  said  he  heard  a  couple   of  the  runners   in  the  next  race   had  decided  to  run  the  first  half   quickly  to  wear  out   the   compe11on  and  let  the  finish  be  just  amongst  themselves.  When   the   gun  went   off  Bob  ran  at  his  own  pace,  far  in   the  rear.  When   the  race   got  to   the  halfway  point,   he   started   passing  1red  compe1tors.  As  he  started  the  last  lap   he   no1ced  that  there   were  only   three  people  in  front  of  him.  He  ran  hard  and  passed  one  of  them  just  as  he   “Companies  rated   crossed  the   finish  line.   He   didn’t   win,  but  that   small  bit   of   informa1on  gave   him  a   by  their  employees   chance.  It  also  gave  him  confidence  for  the   marathon.   Remember,  Bob  knew  he  was   in  the  top  quar)le   fast. in  terms  of   openness  of   communica)on   Returning  from  our  story,  we  see  that  once  Bob  was  exposed  to  open  communica0on  from  his   have  delivered  TSR   teammates,  he  fared  much  beOer  against  the  compe00on.  The  same  can  be  applied  to  the  world  of   of  7.9%  compared   equity  compensa0on.  In  fact,  the  Execu0ve  Board  found  that  “companies  rated  by  their  employees   with  2.1%  at  other   in  the  top  quar0le  in  terms  of  openness  of  communica0on  have  delivered  TSR  [results]  (10-­‐year  TSR   companies”,   1998–2008)  of  7.9%  compared  with  2.1%  at  other  companies.”  So,  not  only  do  employees  benefit   according  to  the   from  more  open  communica0on,  but  so  too  do  companies  and  its  shareholders. Execu)ve  Board. What  steps  can  companies  take  to  open  up  lines  of  communica0on  with  employees,  par0cularly   with  respect  to  equity  compensa0on? This  process  needs  to  start  before  an  award  is  granted.  Once  a  company  decides  to  issue  a   performance  award  based  upon  a  certain  metric,  the  company  should  start  to  communicate  to   employees,  shareholders,  and  the  general  popula0on.  They  must  help  everyone  understand  why  
  • 4. his  is  the  appropriate  metric  and  how  it  0es  in  with  the  company’s  overall  business  plan.  The   company  should  con0nue  this  stance  on  the  importance  of  the  metric  from  the  very  beginning  of   the  plan  design  all  the  way  through  its  comple0on.  One  must  “walk  the  walk”  if  he  or  she  is  going  to   Kickoff   “talk  the  talk.” presenta)ons  and   Addi0onally,  if  the  company  is  going  to  change  its  focus  on  certain  performance  metrics  or  adopt  a   detailed  award   completely  new  plan  design,  we  find  it  helpful  for  companies  to  perform  a  detailed  “kickoff   agreements  can   presenta0on.”  In  this  presenta0on,  the  company  should  go  through  the  design  and  inner  workings   really  help  the   of  the  plan’s  specific  details.  Examples  of  hypothe0cal  payouts  should  be  included,  both  on  the   par)cipants  not   posi0ve  and  nega0ve  ends  of  the  plan.  Addi0onally,  it  may  help  to  explain  the  external  factors   only  understand  the   contribu0ng  to  the  plan’s  design,  such  as  shareholder  pressure,  changing  business  goals,  or  a  desire   terms  of  the  award,   to  become  a  leader  in  corporate  governance.  Companies  can  perform  these  presenta0ons   but  also  the  goals  of   internally,  with  the  help  of  an  external  consultant  or  with  the  support  of  cross-­‐func0onal  teams   the  company. from  across  the  business,  and  in  our  experience,  both  forms  of  assistance  produce  posi0ve   employee  reac0ons. Some  companies  have  also  started  to  provide  more  concise  award  agreements  and  plan   summaries.  They  create  simple  documents  that  present  informa0on  in  a  clear  manner,  rather  than   using  generic,  wordy  legal  language.  This  helps  employees  understand  the  design  of  the  plan,  its   metrics,  and  the  award  opportunity,  plus  it  creates  a  more  direct  link  between  performance   expecta0ons,  goals  and  behaviors  that  can  drive  desired  outcomes.  It  should  be  noted  that  one  can   also  be  too  detailed  and  lose  the  aOen0on  of  employees.  As  such,  documents  should  try  to  be  as   clear  as  possible  without  providing  excessive  informa0on.  Part  of  the  solu0on  in  this  case  is  to   understand  your  various  audiences.  Communica0on  should  be  tailored  to  different  groups  based  on   their  experience  and  knowledge  of  company  opera0ons. The Marathon A  Runner’s  Tale  Con/nued... The  marathon  was   the  first  race  of  the  next   day.  Bob  used  some  of   this   1me  to  study   his   compe1tors.   More   importantly   he   worked   on   a   race   strategy.  He   spoke   to  his   coach   and  other  coaches   about  the   best  approach  to  the  race   course.  He   recruited   friends   to   stand   at   every   mile   marker   and   give   him   his   1me   and   those   of   his   compe1tors.  His  friends  recruited  their  friends   and  random  crowd  members   to  fill  the   gaps   and  cheer   whenever  Bob   passed   by.   When  the   gun  went   off   Bob  focused   on   both   strategy   and  execu1on.  The  crowd  cheered   and  his   adrenaline  rushed.  Bob  felt   Frequent  consistent   faster  than  ever. communica)ons   ensure  con)nued   par)cipant   Between  finishing  the  100  yard  dash  in  last  place  and  star0ng  the  marathon  with  extreme   alignment  and   confidence,  Bob  learned  that  beOer  informa0on  leads  to  valuable  insights  that  could  help  him   evolu)on.  Long-­‐ perform  at  a  high  level.  However,  now  Bob  is  taking  his  communica0on  to  an  en0rely  new  level.  He   term  incen)ves   does  not  just  want  to  understand  the  complexi0es  of  the  race  and  his  opposi0on  at  the  start;  he   require  long-­‐term   also  wants  to  understand  how  he  is  performing  during  the  race.  This  type  of  informa0on  will  allow   execu)on. him  to  understand  exactly  what  he  needs  to  do  in  order  to  be  successful  as  the  race  progresses. We  also  observe  employees  responding  well  to  this  sort  of  in-­‐game  informa0on,  allowing  them  to   understand  exactly  where  they  stand  on  performance  goals  during  performance  periods.  In  fact,   Aon  HewiO  recently  released  a  new  study  linking  employee  engagement  levels  with  financial   performance.  The  study  found  that  “organiza0ons  with  high  levels  of  engagement  con0nue  to   outperform  the  overall  stock  market  index  and  posted  total  shareholder  returns  22%  higher  than   average  in  2010.”  Furthermore,  companies  with  lower  levels  of  engagement  yielded  TSRs  that  were   28%  lower  than  the  average.  This  even  held  true  during  more  vola0le  financial  0mes.  To  sum  this  
  • 5. up,  when  employees  are  ac0vely  engaged  in  companies,  the  companies  perform  beOer,  and  the   best  way  to  keep  employees  engaged  is  to  communicate  performance  and  goals  o=en  and  progress   towards  the  desired  outcomes. So  what  are  companies  doing  to  maintain  constant  and  open  streams  of  communica)on  with   employees? Many  companies  have  started  to  improve  their  internal  compensa0on  communica0on.  One  major   technology  company  created  a  series  of  short,  animated  videos  to  explain  the  basics  of  equity   compensa0on.  You’ll  have  to  see  the  videos  to  believe  it,  but  they  make  learning  about  equity   quick,  easy  and  entertaining.  Another  well-­‐  known  technology  company  holds  a  presenta0on  on   annual  performance  awards  at  the  0me  of  grant  for  all  employees  every  year,  going  through  the   plan  specifics  in  detail.  Addi0onally,  this  company  then  calculates  performance  levels  quarterly,   releasing  a  statement  to  employees  to  show  where  they  stand  and  how  much  0me  is  le=  in  the   performance  period.  This  informa0on  is  also  provided  to  the  Compensa0on  CommiOee  to  ensure   appropriate  plan  governance.  The  plan  is  also  reported  in  the  company’s  annual  proxy  filing  to   inform  shareholders  on  the  design  of  execu0ve  awards. Some  companies  have  also  hired  outside  consultants  to  oversee  the  ongoing  communica0on  of   their  performance  plans.  This  includes  company  statements  reminding  employees  of  the   importance  of  achieving  their  performance  goals  and  where  they  stand.  To  this  end,  Radford  has   designed  a  web-­‐based  communica0on  tool  called  PeerTracker.  This  tool,  designed  on  a  company-­‐ Providing   specific  basis,  allows  plan  par0cipants  and  Compensa0on  CommiOee  members  to  view  real-­‐0me   par)cipants  with   informa0on  on  the  company’s  performance  rela0ve  to  their  comparator  group  on  a  daily  basis.   milestones   Similarly,  Performensa0on  also  offers  assistance  with  tracking  data  for  financial  and  opera0onal   throughout  the   goals  and  communica0ng  messages  for  performance  programs.  Whether  the  metric  is  TSR  or  a   performance  cycle   financial  or  opera0onal  measure,  high-­‐performing  companies  use  frequent  and  consistent   allows  them  to  help   communica0on  of  performance  to  reinforce  goals  and  drive  toward  successful  outcomes. understand  the   company’s   performance  and   The Conclusion manage  their  own   A  Runner’s  Tale  Con/nued... success. Bob’s   running  of   the   marathon  went  well.  At   the   first  mile   marker   he   was   right   on   pace.  Every   mile   marker  aQer  that  he  knew  if  he   needed  to  speed  up  or   slow  down,   and  he   knew  where  his   compe1tors   were   and  he  received  water   and  advice   for  the   upcoming   mile.   The   crowd   kept   cheering   and   the   adrenaline   kept   rushing.   As   he   began  the   final  mile   of   the   race   he   looked   ahead  and   saw  his   coach  had   given  the   crowd  a   series   of   signs   telling  him   exactly   what  he   needed   do   in   the   final  mile.   He   read  as  he  ran  and  focused  on  tac1cs  and  the  finish   line.  Bob  didn’t  even  no1ce  as  he   passed  the  runners  in  front  of  him.  All   he  felt  was  the  joy  as  he  finished.  SECOND!  As   it  turns  out,  Bob  was  fast,  but  he  s1ll  had  room  to  be  even  faster  next  1me With  real-­‐0me  informa0on,  Bob  was  able  to  adjust  his  tac0cs  and  change  his  behavior  to  boost  his   level  of  performance.  The  informa0on  filtered  to  him  through  his  different  communica0on  channels   gave  him  a  compe00ve  advantage  and  the  constant  reminders  of  his  performance  mo0vated  him   through  to  the  finish. Companies  can  give  their  employees  the  same  opportuni0es  Bob  had  by  simply  establishing   effec0ve  communica0on  processes.  It  needs  to  start  at  the  very  beginning,  even  before  you  design   your  plan,  and  follow  through  to  the  conclusion  of  the  performance  period  and  the  final   determina0on  of  final  payouts.  Mul0ple  studies  show  there  is  a  connec0on  between  effec0ve   communica0on  and  company  performance.  The  company  may  not  finish  at  the  very  top  every  0me,   but  they  are  likely  to  have  a  more  engaged  workforce,  mo0vated  to  do  their  best.  This  can  result  in   a  compe00ve  advantage.
  • 6. Performensation About  the  Authors Contacts: To  contact  the  authors  of  this  ar0cle,  please  write  to  Dan  Walter  at   Dan Walter, President and CEO +1 (415) 625-3406 dwalter@performensa0on.com,  Terry  Adamson  at  tadamson@radford.com  or  Daniel   dwalter@performensation.com Kapinos  at  dkapinos@radford.com.  Dan  is  the  President  and  CEO  of  Performensa0on  and  is   located  in  San  Francisco,  CA.  Terry  is  a  Partner  in  Radford’s  valua0on  prac0ce  and  is  based  in   Mel Jameson, SVP +1 (415) 625-3406 Philadelphia,  PA.  Daniel  is  a  Senior  Consultant  in  Radford’s  valua0on  prac0ce  and  is  based  in   mjameson@performensation.com Radnor,  PA. About  Performensa)on Radford Contacts: Since  2006  Performensa0on  has  focused  on  providing  high  performance  compensa0on  plans   Boston Office for  publicly-­‐traded  and  privately-­‐held  companies.  As  a  recognized  industry  thought  leader,   Ed Speidel, Partner we  learn  as  much  as  possible  about  your  company  to  diagnose  the  founda0ons  of  success.   +1 (508) 628-1552 We  then  apply  this  knowledge  to  custom-­‐fit  solu0ons.  We  offer  assistance  in  tracking  and   espeidel@radford.com monitoring  complex  performance  metrics  and  collaborate  with  leading  firms  such  as  Radford   Ted Buyniski, Partner to  ensure  access  to  best  of  class  equity  valua0on  and  TSR  metric  tracking.  Our  plan  design   +1 (508) 628-1553 and  communica0on  services  deliver  structure  and  messaging  that  align  your  goals,  culture   tbuyniski@radford.com and  vision  with  holis0c  compensa0on  programs. Rob Surdel, Associate Partner +1 (508) 628-1551 About  Radford rsurdel@radford.com Radford  is  the  industry  leader,  providing  advice  and  benchmarking  to  technology  and  life  sciences   Philadelphia Office companies  to  address  their  toughest  HR  and  rewards  challenges:  aOrac0ng,  engaging  and  retaining   Terry Adamson, Partner talent.  Our  advisors  provide  industry-­‐specific  exper0se,  applying  an  analy0cal  approach  that  integrates   +1 (215) 255-1802 market  data,  trends  and  our  experience  in  working  with  more  than  2,000  companies  –  from  Global   tadamson@radford.com 1000  firms  to  start-­‐ups  –  to  balance  the  needs  of  execu0ves,  employees  and  shareholders.  Our  advice  is   customized  to  a  client’s  unique  situa0on  to  ensure  your  rewards  programs  are  not  just  compe00ve  -­‐   New York Office but  can  be  a  compe00ve  advantage. Ram Kumar, Director Radford’s  uniquely  data-­‐driven  perspec0ve  is  why  more  technology  and  life  sciences  companies,  and   +1 (212) 441-2007 their  Board  of  Directors  and  Compensa0on  CommiOee,  trust  Radford  for  compensa0on  data  and  advice   rkumar@radford.com than  any  other  firm.  Radford  clients  rely  upon  our  global  survey  databases  of  nearly  five  million   incumbents  for  real-­‐0me  insight  on  total  compensa0on  levels,  prac0ces  and  emerging  trends  to  inform   San Diego Office their  HR  and  reward  strategies. Ken Wechsler, Director +1 (858) 755-8675 Headquartered  in  San  Jose,  CA,  we  have  professionals  in  Bangalore,  Beijing,  Boston,  Brussels,  Chicago,   ken.wechsler@radford.com Frankfurt,  Hong  Kong,  London,  New  York,  Philadelphia,  San  Francisco,  Shanghai  and  Singapore.  Radford   is  an  Aon  HewiO  company.  Visit  www.radford.com,  or  for  more  informa0on,  contact   San Francisco Office info.rad@radford.com. Linda E. Amuso, President +1 (415) 486-7255 About  Aon  HewiY lamuso@radford.com Aon  HewiO  is  the  global  leader  in  human  resource  solu0ons.  The  company  partners  with  organiza0ons   David Knopping, Partner to  solve  their  most  complex  benefits,  talent  and  related  financial  challenges,  and  improve  business   +1 (415) 486-7122 performance.  Aon  HewiO  designs,  implements,  communicates  and  administers  a  wide  range  of  human   dknopping@radford.com capital,  re0rement,  investment  management,  health  care,  compensa0on  and  talent  management   Jon Burg, Associate Partner strategies.  With  more  than  29,000  professionals  in  90  countries,  Aon  HewiO  makes  the  world  a  beOer   +1 (415) 486-7137 place  to  work  for  clients  and  their  employees.  For  more  informa0on  on  Aon  HewiO,  please  visit   jburg@radford.com www.aonhewiO.com. About  Aon San Jose Office Brett Harsen, Associate Partner Aon  plc  (NYSE:  AON)  is  the  leading  global  provider  of  risk  management,  insurance  and  reinsurance   brokerage,  and  human  resources  solu0ons  and  outsourcing  services.  Through  its  more  than  61,000   +1 (408) 321-2547 colleagues  worldwide,  Aon  unites  to  empower  results  for  clients  in  over  120  countries  via  innova0ve   bharsen@radford.com and  effec0ve  risk  and  people  solu0ons  and  through  industry-­‐leading  global  resources  and  technical   exper0se.  Aon  has  been  named  repeatedly  as  the  world's  best  broker,  best  insurance  intermediary,   Locations reinsurance  intermediary,  cap0ves  manager  and  best  employee  benefits  consul0ng  firm  by  mul0ple   Bangalore, Beijing, Boston, industry  sources.  Visit  www.aon.com  for  more  informa0on  on  Aon  and  www.aon.com/ Brussels, Chicago, Frankfurt, Hong manchesterunited  to  learn  about  Aon's  global  partnership  and  shirt  sponsorship  with  Manchester   Kong, London, United New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, Shanghai and Singapore