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Peraltas and Native Americans, 1807–1821




Dance of the Californians,
Mission Dolores,
Louis Choris, 1816
Courtesy of the BanCroft LiBrary
scene at san francisco Presidio, 1816, Louis Choris
                                  Courtesy of the BanCroft LiBrary




   I am weary of so many sick and dying Indians,
   who are more fragile than glass.
   Na rc i s o Du r á N, h e a D of M i s sioN s a N Jo s é , 1812




   Mission workers despaired of a new way of life over which they
   had little control, and the loss of family members to disease. in
   such conditions, many wished to return to their former lands.




Why did mission workers run away?
José María estudillo mapped the Central Valley on his
                             expeditions to the interior in search of laborers.
                                         Courtesy of the BanCroft LiBrary




       spanish military expeditions went further inland to get workers, into the san Joaquín
       and central Valleys, and the sacramento river delta. These were the lands of the
       Yokuts people.

       epidemics began to sweep through these areas in the wake of the military expeditions.
       The neophytes who fled the missions, and the soldiers who chased them, also spread
       disease inland.




Where did the missions get more workers after most
              of the Ohlone had died?
“Cattle growers near the town of san José, and their brands.”
                                         Luis Peralta, 1819
                       Courtesy of the honnoLD-MuDD LiBrary sPeCiaL CoLLeCtions, CLareMont, CaLifornia




 in 1807, Luís Peralta’s active military career on horseback ended. his commander
 at the san francisco presidio stationed him in the town of san José to work an
 administrator (comisionado in spanish).

 from then on, much of Luís Peralta’s work was to settle disputes between the spanish
 settlers over cattle grazing and land rights.

 By this time, Luís Peralta’s son antonio was 18 years old, living with his family in the
 pueblo of san José with his four brothers and five sisters. his father, Luís, began to
 petition for land, for the sake of his growing family.




What did Luís Peralta do after his active
      military career was over?
original diseño (drawing) of rancho san antonio, the
                    east Bay hills at the top and the shoreline at the bottom.
                                     Courtesy of the BanCroft LiBrary




in august of 1820 Luís Peralta asked for land in the east Bay. The spanish Governor
Vicente solá replied, granting him 44,800 acres. it took him several years of red tape
to confirm the claim.

Peralta named his land grant rancho san antonio after a hill on the northern edge
called el cerrito de san antonio, where the priests at Mission Dolores grazed their
sheep. it is albany hill today.




 How did the Peraltas get their land?
this photo is probably the 1821 adobe, the first non-native dwelling in the oakland area.
                                      outside, in the historic Core of the park, you can see the outline of the spot where
                                                           this small house of clay bricks once stood.




                                     antonio Peralta visited the rancho only occasionally for the first eight years to see
                                     how the family’s longhorn herds were growing. Therefore, the first to live in the
                                     1821 adobe were most likely Native american herders.

                                     They might have been from any of the Native american groups associated with
                                     the missions. We have chosen a huchiun face drawn by Louis choris in 1816
                                     to symbolize the adobe’s first residents. The huchiun ohlone were from the
                                     oakland area.
Courtesy of the BanCroft LiBrary


                                     The Native americans most likely built the adobe house, too.




                            Who first lived in the 1821 adobe?
face of saclan Miwok man, Louis Choris, 1816
                                         Courtesy of the BanCroft LiBrary




        Mission laborers worked—and died—on the Peralta land in the 1820s. a military
        report of 1826 records the death of a neophyte on antonio’s section of rancho san
        antonio, where redwood Park is today. he might have died of one of the diseases
        common in the missions:

            On July 29, the mission worker Agustín died suddenly in the redwoods on
            Sergeant Luís Peralta’s ranch. He was with companions cutting boards.
            En 29 julio murió repetinamente en los palos colorados del rancho del
            Sargento Luís Peralta el neófito Agustín. Estaba con compañeros cortando
            tablados.
        Land grants in the spanish period (until 1821) were little more than permits from
        the missions to graze cattle and sheep. The missions retained lumber rights on
        the private ranchos.




Why did mission workers come to Rancho San Antonio?

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Anza Expedition to the Gold Rush: Late Mission

  • 1. Peraltas and Native Americans, 1807–1821 Dance of the Californians, Mission Dolores, Louis Choris, 1816 Courtesy of the BanCroft LiBrary
  • 2. scene at san francisco Presidio, 1816, Louis Choris Courtesy of the BanCroft LiBrary I am weary of so many sick and dying Indians, who are more fragile than glass. Na rc i s o Du r á N, h e a D of M i s sioN s a N Jo s é , 1812 Mission workers despaired of a new way of life over which they had little control, and the loss of family members to disease. in such conditions, many wished to return to their former lands. Why did mission workers run away?
  • 3. José María estudillo mapped the Central Valley on his expeditions to the interior in search of laborers. Courtesy of the BanCroft LiBrary spanish military expeditions went further inland to get workers, into the san Joaquín and central Valleys, and the sacramento river delta. These were the lands of the Yokuts people. epidemics began to sweep through these areas in the wake of the military expeditions. The neophytes who fled the missions, and the soldiers who chased them, also spread disease inland. Where did the missions get more workers after most of the Ohlone had died?
  • 4. “Cattle growers near the town of san José, and their brands.” Luis Peralta, 1819 Courtesy of the honnoLD-MuDD LiBrary sPeCiaL CoLLeCtions, CLareMont, CaLifornia in 1807, Luís Peralta’s active military career on horseback ended. his commander at the san francisco presidio stationed him in the town of san José to work an administrator (comisionado in spanish). from then on, much of Luís Peralta’s work was to settle disputes between the spanish settlers over cattle grazing and land rights. By this time, Luís Peralta’s son antonio was 18 years old, living with his family in the pueblo of san José with his four brothers and five sisters. his father, Luís, began to petition for land, for the sake of his growing family. What did Luís Peralta do after his active military career was over?
  • 5. original diseño (drawing) of rancho san antonio, the east Bay hills at the top and the shoreline at the bottom. Courtesy of the BanCroft LiBrary in august of 1820 Luís Peralta asked for land in the east Bay. The spanish Governor Vicente solá replied, granting him 44,800 acres. it took him several years of red tape to confirm the claim. Peralta named his land grant rancho san antonio after a hill on the northern edge called el cerrito de san antonio, where the priests at Mission Dolores grazed their sheep. it is albany hill today. How did the Peraltas get their land?
  • 6. this photo is probably the 1821 adobe, the first non-native dwelling in the oakland area. outside, in the historic Core of the park, you can see the outline of the spot where this small house of clay bricks once stood. antonio Peralta visited the rancho only occasionally for the first eight years to see how the family’s longhorn herds were growing. Therefore, the first to live in the 1821 adobe were most likely Native american herders. They might have been from any of the Native american groups associated with the missions. We have chosen a huchiun face drawn by Louis choris in 1816 to symbolize the adobe’s first residents. The huchiun ohlone were from the oakland area. Courtesy of the BanCroft LiBrary The Native americans most likely built the adobe house, too. Who first lived in the 1821 adobe?
  • 7. face of saclan Miwok man, Louis Choris, 1816 Courtesy of the BanCroft LiBrary Mission laborers worked—and died—on the Peralta land in the 1820s. a military report of 1826 records the death of a neophyte on antonio’s section of rancho san antonio, where redwood Park is today. he might have died of one of the diseases common in the missions: On July 29, the mission worker Agustín died suddenly in the redwoods on Sergeant Luís Peralta’s ranch. He was with companions cutting boards. En 29 julio murió repetinamente en los palos colorados del rancho del Sargento Luís Peralta el neófito Agustín. Estaba con compañeros cortando tablados. Land grants in the spanish period (until 1821) were little more than permits from the missions to graze cattle and sheep. The missions retained lumber rights on the private ranchos. Why did mission workers come to Rancho San Antonio?