This document summarizes the history of copyright law through several chapters. It discusses how the invention of the printing press led stationers to gain a monopoly over publishing works. In 1689, Parliament removed this monopoly and stationers created a new system where authors would sell their works to the stationers. The US Constitution then gave Congress the power to promote science and arts by granting limited exclusive rights to authors. Major revisions to US copyright law occurred in 1790 and afterwards. Fair use factors were established to determine appropriate use of copyrighted works. Later, laws like the TEACH Act and Creative Commons addressed issues like distance learning and allowing certain uses of works.

1. A Story of Copyright By Charlene Lieberher

2. Chapter 1 Invention of the printing press causes authors’ works to be widely distributed, many times altered from their original works Stationers get monopoly to print all written works that Parliament approves

3. Chapter 2 Around 1689, Parliament removes monopoly Stationers create new plan grounded in property law - authors would sell their works to stationers who retain sole rights to publish works

4. Chapter 3 The Constitutional Provision Respecting Copyright The Congress shall have the Power … To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Ties to Authors and Inventor the exclusive Right to their respectiveWritings and Discoveries. United States Constitution, Article 1, Section 8

5. “In 1790, the first copyright law was enacted. Since then, the American copyright law has had four major revisions. Generally speaking, the copyright laws exist for three basic reasons: to reward authors for their creative works; to encourage availability of the works to the general public; and to facilitate access and use of the works by the public in appropriate situations (Bruwelheide). The rules of copyright are laid out in law books and ever unfolding case law, but what are the ethical and moral principles supporting copyright law?” Duane Goehner (1997)

6. Chapter 4 4 Factors of Fair Use The purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes The nature of the copyrighted work The amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole The effect of the use upon the potential market for, or value of, the copyrighted work http://copyright.gov/fls/fl102.html

7. Chapter 5 TEACH Act Technology, Education, and Copyright Harmonization Act Signed November 2, 2002 by President Bush Addresses distance learning

8. Chapter 6 Creative Commons http://creativecommons.org/videos/wanna-work-together Legal contracts for authors to share their property for specified interests

10. The End Or is it just The Beginning?

11. References Circular 92U. (2009). Copyright law of the United States and related laws contained in title 17 of the United States code. Retrieved from http://copyright.gov/title17/circ92.pdf Copyright Clearance Center. (2005). The TEACH act: new roles, rules and responsibilities for academic institutions. Retrieved from http://moodle1.wilkes.edu/file.php/1199/CR-TEACH-Act-3.pdf Copyright, Fair Use. (2009, November). Retrieved from http://copyright.gov/fls/fl102.html Creative Commons. (2006). The commons: celebrating accomplishments, discerning futures. Retrieved from http://creativecommons.org.videos/wanna-work-together Goehner, Duane. (1997, October 4). An ethical edge in education: cognizance of copyrights and copy wrongs. Presented at the International Conference: The Social and Moral Fabric of School Life. Seattle, WA. Retrieved from http://www.goehner.com/copyright.htm Jacobs, J.R. (Producer). (2006). Karl Fogel: History of copyright and its implications for the ownership of information today. [Video file]. Retrieved from http://archive.or/details/KarlFogel_chalktalk