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Colonialism,
Imperialism, and 19th century
           Africa
What does it all mean?


Colonialism - the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political
control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting
it economically.

Imperialism - A policy of extending a country's power and influence
through diplomacy or military force.

Colonialism can be thought to be a practice and imperialism as the idea
driving the practice.

Metropolis - In the past, metropolis was the designation for a city or
state of origin of a colony
Africa, 1813
Africa, 1900
Colonialism11
Scramble for Africa


Why was Europe interested in Africa in the first place?

  gather scientific knowledge about the unknown.

  Europeans felt that there was a definite need to promote and convert
  Africans to Christianity.

  imperialism. a strong desire by European patriots to contribute to
  their country’s grandeur by laying claim to other countries in distant
  lands.

economic, social, and political reasons
Economical issues


Europeans believed that Africa was rich in natural resources, and one
of reasons for colonialism was the desire to gain control of Africa's rich
natural resources.

Need for markets

European colonial powers did not want to spend their own money to
establish and maintain their colonies in Africa. Rather, they insisted
that each colony (if at all possible) supply the revenues necessary to
govern the colony.

Commerce, Christianity, Civilization
Political - Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy,
Portugal, and Spain were competing for power within
European power politics. One way to demonstrate national
preeminence was through the acquisition of territories
around the world, including Africa.
Demographics



Demographic impact of colonialism encourages us to examine migration
patterns

  Metropolis to the colonies

  colonies to the metropolis

  migration between different colonies within the empire
Hygiene - Formal education and modern medicine were brought to
people who had limited understanding or control of their physical
environment.

Infrastructure - Apart from their shortage of skills and infrastructure,
Africans lacked an appreciation of the total and complex nature of the
transformation from simple agrarian society to modern technological
civilization

  to meet their economic and administrative needs colonial powers built
  some infrastructure, like railway to carry export commodities, and
  they educated a few Africans to help them run the colonies.
Education - In most of colonial Africa, schools were staffed and run by
missionaries but subsidized in varying degrees by colonial governments,
whose interest in missionary education was simply to ensure that
enough Africans were educated to meet the limited need for semiskilled
workers in colonial bureaucracies.

  Their primary concern was the conversion of people to Christianity

  Consequently, with limited government support, most African
  children did not go to school during the colonial era.
Religion - The missionaries had total control over the religious
curriculum. Mission schools taught that the European presence in
Africa was to benefit the African people and to uplift them from a state
of barbarism.

  the little education that they got opened their minds and provided
  them with practical and intellectual skills they never had before

  Despite this, colonial education very often alienated young people
  from their own culture and undermined traditional authority.
  Gradually, African people began to acquiesce to colonial rule and to
  surrender the elements of their culture and traditions




Economic
Colonialism11
Colonialism11

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Colonialism11

  • 2. What does it all mean? Colonialism - the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically. Imperialism - A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. Colonialism can be thought to be a practice and imperialism as the idea driving the practice. Metropolis - In the past, metropolis was the designation for a city or state of origin of a colony
  • 6. Scramble for Africa Why was Europe interested in Africa in the first place? gather scientific knowledge about the unknown. Europeans felt that there was a definite need to promote and convert Africans to Christianity. imperialism. a strong desire by European patriots to contribute to their country’s grandeur by laying claim to other countries in distant lands. economic, social, and political reasons
  • 7. Economical issues Europeans believed that Africa was rich in natural resources, and one of reasons for colonialism was the desire to gain control of Africa's rich natural resources. Need for markets European colonial powers did not want to spend their own money to establish and maintain their colonies in Africa. Rather, they insisted that each colony (if at all possible) supply the revenues necessary to govern the colony. Commerce, Christianity, Civilization
  • 8. Political - Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Portugal, and Spain were competing for power within European power politics. One way to demonstrate national preeminence was through the acquisition of territories around the world, including Africa.
  • 9. Demographics Demographic impact of colonialism encourages us to examine migration patterns Metropolis to the colonies colonies to the metropolis migration between different colonies within the empire
  • 10. Hygiene - Formal education and modern medicine were brought to people who had limited understanding or control of their physical environment. Infrastructure - Apart from their shortage of skills and infrastructure, Africans lacked an appreciation of the total and complex nature of the transformation from simple agrarian society to modern technological civilization to meet their economic and administrative needs colonial powers built some infrastructure, like railway to carry export commodities, and they educated a few Africans to help them run the colonies.
  • 11. Education - In most of colonial Africa, schools were staffed and run by missionaries but subsidized in varying degrees by colonial governments, whose interest in missionary education was simply to ensure that enough Africans were educated to meet the limited need for semiskilled workers in colonial bureaucracies. Their primary concern was the conversion of people to Christianity Consequently, with limited government support, most African children did not go to school during the colonial era.
  • 12. Religion - The missionaries had total control over the religious curriculum. Mission schools taught that the European presence in Africa was to benefit the African people and to uplift them from a state of barbarism. the little education that they got opened their minds and provided them with practical and intellectual skills they never had before Despite this, colonial education very often alienated young people from their own culture and undermined traditional authority. Gradually, African people began to acquiesce to colonial rule and to surrender the elements of their culture and traditions Economic