1. ATP -> ADP + P + energy ATpase CP -> C + P 1.) 2.) Glucose G + 6 + P glycogen Hexokinase phosphorylase ATP ATP PA LA Cytoplasm Mitochondria 3.) Acetyl CoA Citric Acid ATP ATP CO CO 2 2 H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ Electron Transport Chain 32 ATP O + H+ H O 2 2 Energy Metabolism Mia McKie ATP-CP (0- ~10sec) Non-Oxidative (~10- ~90sec) Oxidative (90 sec &up) NADH + H NAD+ Ca+ PFK synthatase Epinephrine Inhibit Stimulate

2. ADP stimulates PFK If ADP is being used or is building up, it means that the body is in need of energy (ATP –> ADP+P). ADP will stimulate or “tell” PFK to act on G-^P, thus beginning non-oxidative metabolism (glycolysis) G-6-P inhibits Hexokinase and Phosphorylase A If there is an excess of G-6-P in your body it will inhibit hexokinase which normally signals glucose to be broken down into G-6-P and also will inhibit Phosphorylase A which signals glycogen to be broken down into G-6-P Ca + stimulates Phosphorylase A If there is an excess of Ca phosphorylase b will stimulate phosphorylase a which signals glycogen to be converted into G-6-P ATP-CP inhibits PFK If there is an excess of ATP-CP lactic acid builds up in your body leading to PFK being inhibited. Citric Acid inhibits PFK If there is an excess of Citric Acid there is no need for Acetyl CoA or pyruvic acid so the PFK would be inhibited. O 2 inhibits PFK If there is an excess of oxygen there would be no need for oxidative metabolism which is initiated by pyruvic acid so PFK would be inhibited since pyruvic acid isn’t needed. Epinephrine inhibits Synthase and stimulates Phosphorylase A If there is an excess of epinephrine the enzyme, synthase would be inhibited so G-6-P wouldn’t turn into glycogen. Phosphorylase A If there is an excess of epinephrine the enzyme, phosphorylase a would be stimulated to produce G-6-P from glycogen Insulin stimulates Hexokinase and pyruvic acid And PFK If there is an excess of insulin, hexokinase(HK) and PFK would be stimulated so that glucose could be broken down into G-6-P and then into pyruvic acid. Glucagon stimulates Phosphorylase A If there is an excess of glucagons, phosphorylase a would be stimulated to help glycogen turn into G-6-P.