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ECONOMIC STATUS AND NUTRITION
AMERICA’S ECONOMICS AND THE IMPACT IN OUR NUTRITIONAL STATUS
OF HOMELESS CHILDREN
A Dissertation Presented
By
Anthony Wallace, ND
Naturopathy Doctoral Candidate
To
The Faculty of Clayton College of Natural Health Graduate College
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For the Degree of Doctor of Naturopathy
Specializing in Naturopathy Education
December 28, 2010
All Rights © Reserve
ECONOMIC STATUS AND NUTRITION
ii
Table of Contents
Foreword……………………………………………………………………………iii
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………...v
CHAPTER 1
Introduction………………………………………………………………………….1
Homeless children……………………………………………………………….1
Nutritional impact……………………………………………………………….2
Prepare the community………………………………………………………….3
CHAPTER 2
Homeless Nutrition……………………………………….........................................4
2.1 The background…………………………………………………………….. 4
2.2 The burden of sickness……………………………………………………....4
2.3 Malnutrition………………………………………………………………….5
2.4. Violence and Nutrition……………………………………………………...6
2.5. Bad Ingredients……………………………………………………………...7
CHAPTER 3: Naturopathy Methodologies…………………………………………9
CHAPTER 4: Discussion…………………………………………………………..13
4.1 Local Government Funding………………………………………………...14
ECONOMIC STATUS AND NUTRITION
iii
CHAPTER 5
Summary……………………………………………………………..15
CHAPTER 6
Recommendation…………………………………………………….17
References…...……………………………………………………….18
Appendix 1….………………………………………………………..20
Appendix 2.…………………………………………………………..25
Appendix.………...………………………………………………….27
ECONOMIC STATUS AND NUTRITION
LIST OF TABLES
Tables Page
Table 1.1 Community Disparities Among the Homeless Population 5
Table 2.1 Aggressive Behaviors Chart 7
Table 3.1 Proper Intake of Vitamins and Aggressive Behaviors 8
ECONOMIC STATUS AND NUTRITION
3
FORWARD
I want to dedicate this paper to my many supporters that have stuck by me through
thick and thin. The road is hard working towards a PhD but it is worth the struggles
at the end of the course. I want to thank my mother for her encouragement to keep
trying, never quite, never give in. In all essence, thanks mom. To the many PHD
candidates and faculty, it has been a pleasure Take care and be in good health.
ECONOMIC STATUS AND NUTRITION
4
ABSTRACT
This dissertation’s main focus is on how children that are raised primarily in a
domesticated home that is filled with violence are not able to perform well in school
as other children that are raised in home that are not violent. The study is an
informative dissertation that will inform the reader of past studies of children that
are raised in violent homes. The paper compares the impact of the child’s
environment and their nutritional status. The paper will also support theories of
negative behaviors on nutrition intake and school performance. In conclusion, the
dissertation will display my recommendations for parents, school nurses, and
administrators, to intervene when students makes an outcry for help.
Keywords: nutrition, homeless children, violence, America
ECONOMIC STATUS AND NUTRITION
5
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
In this dissertation, I will explain how our local economy can affect our
children and their eating habits. Most of our children are raised in low-income
environments and do not receive the daily amount of nutrition that is recommended
for proper growth and development (Keeler, 2009). This paper will give insight on
problems that affect our homeless children. I will explain how we can develop
policies and procedures in our government to ensure that low-income families may
receive quality meals. My mission is to educate and promote health and wellness to
prevent common childhood diseases. There are several studies related to nutrition
concerning the homeless population. My dissertation is an informative essay that
will give a simple description of our growing population of homeless children. I
believe with more education and community networking we can lobby for more
programs geared to helping children to receive the gift of proper health and wellness
through nutrition.
1.1 Homeless Children
In the United States of America, the homeless population is approximently
2.2 million people and majority of the population consists of single mothers and
runaway teens (Wiecha, 1991). There are children suffering from starvation and
vitamin deficiency because of the lack of funding from our government regarding
the food stamps program and the lack of soup kitchens in the area of need.
Many soup kitchens offer food, shelter, clothing, and even job assistance, but lack
the funding needed, making it a challenge to feed everyone that is in need of
services. Most of the single mothers that have applied for services such as the food
stamps and AFDC (Aids to Families with Dependent Children) program are rejected
because the mother does not have stable housing and departmental lack of funding.
Most of the parents in the study conducted by Wiecha, were on drugs, lost their jobs
and could not find work, or suffer from some form of mental illness (Wiecha, 1991).
1.2 Nutritional Impact
Children that are not properly fed nutritious foods that they need for health
and development can suffer from anemia, brain and developmental delays, and poor
muscle function (Ansage, 2008). The United States government awards each state
with federal fund free lunch programs. Then the funds are trickled down to our
local government for use in our local school districts. Our local school lunch
programs are designed to prevent several childhood diseases such as rickets, vitamin
A deficiency, and other vitamin deficiencies that will cause developmental delays
and even death (Robert, 2010).
As Naturopathic Doctors, we are trained to look at the family in a holistic
phase when treating them and assisting in lifestyle changes in their diets,
recreational activities, and emotional health. There are valued steps that our
community can combat the hunger problem. For example, volunteering at the local
shelter, donating food in quantities, and getting others involved in helping others.
Most of our communities consist of followers, by leading them in the right
direction, we can fight hungry and prevail.
1.3 Prepare the Community
Our community is need of people that have caring hearts to do a job of many
men and that is willing to care for global population. There is a sense of awareness
that I want to bring to the community about our growing trend of homeless children
in America. We tend to turn our head at the homeless person on the street corner
asking for a dime or just a piece of your sandwich to fill his/her stomach for tonight.
There are so many ways that we can raise awareness of this growing problem. With
the present economy and the loss of millions of jobs, we can start to prepare for the
unthinkable. The unthinkable would be that everybody has lost his/her job and
history has repeated itself with the great depression.
I believe that in my paper along with my recommendations we can go to the
local government and solicit local branches of government to assist in raising funds
from those that can sponsor homeless shelters, provide resources for job training or
hiring information, etc. These are all good avenues to start thinking and placing
action regarding this issue. This growing trend is not only affecting our nation, but
also the family that is affect by hungry and extreme poverty.
CHAPTER 2: Homeless Nutrition
2.1. The Background
In the United States of America there are more than 250,000 to 2.2 million
people that are homeless and over 50% are children. Most of the homeless
population is single mothers that are either pregnant, fatherless, or considered low-
income housing. The elderly population and runaway teens make up 5-10% of the
2.2 million homeless population (Wiecha, 1991). The problems that may result from
malnutrition are poor brain development, hypertension, immune suppression, and
other acute and chronic infections.
2.2 The Burden of Sickness
The burden of the poor according to the 1990 situation study clearly suggests
that the rich are benefiting financially because of the decline of communicable
diseases among the homeless population. The 1990 situation studies suggest that
communicable diseases are considerably more important for the world’s poor than
the global averages. These studies suggest that non-communicable diseases are less
important than communicable (Gwatkim,1999). In the study, The Burden Disease
among the Global Poor states that in the DALY (Disability-Adjusted Life) the
United States population that are considered rich are benefiting from proper
medical care when they are sick versus the poor and homeless population that are
unable to afford the proper medical services that are needed. When we have
patients that cannot afford proper healthcare it becomes a burden to the local
government hospitals.
In the diagram below is a comparison
of how there are more deaths and
disabilities regarding communicable
diseases and non-communicable
disease among the poor.
Table 1.1
The diagram above clearly show that differences in the economic classes
regarding diseases populations and care rendered. The rich are shown in yellow and
are most likely to get sick and seek treatment for a disease that is non-
communicable such as heart disease or hypertension. On the other hand, the
homeless populations that have contracted any communicable diseases are caught in
a survival of the fittest. In my opinion, with the lack of essential vitamins, poor
immune support, and lack of regular meals the homeless population will be most
susceptible to TB, Colds, and Flu (Gwatkim,1999).
2.3. Malnutrition
Malnutrition is a condition that occurs mostly in the developing counturies
and can cause other diseases such as brain damage, developmental delays and poor
muscle coordination. There are more than 800 million persons world wide that are
struggling with hunger (Torpy, 2004). Malnutrition can cause a person to become
confused and disoriented because of the lack of essential nutritients that nurish our
brain cells.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Global
Poor
Global
Rich
injuries
Non
Communicable
Communicable
DALY
In the United States of America, we are fighting hunger as developmental
countries Africa and Asia, and some parts of the Indies that are in the most worse
conditions than the US population. Sickness and disease resulting from malnutrition
is much more than just missing one meal. Malunutrition is when the patient is
exibiting symptoms of dehydration and lacks essential protein that is needed daily.
The body needs essential vitamins and minerals to perform daily task. For example,
watching television, reading the daily paper, and performing the routine task of our
normal ADL’s (Activities of Daily Living). There are several diseases and
childhood learning disabilities that may present as a result of malnutrition. Iron and
iodine deficiency can affect the child’s ability to concentrate and retain information
that has been taught in school. It is essential that new mothers get regular prenatal
checkup with their Obstritian/Gynocologist to prevent vitiamins, protiens, and other
nutrients deficiancies (Thompson, 2010).
2.4 Violence and Nutrition
A study that was conducted in 2005 stated that malnutrition at an early age
could result from aggressive behaviors as the child grows into adulthood. The study
was conducted on middle to adolestant school age children from the ages of 8 to 17
years old. The study found that 41% of participants lacked certain essential proteins
which may have contributed to the display of more aggressive behaviors.
According to the study participants that were at the age of 17 years old, 51%
displayed anti-social and aggressive behaviors (Adams, 2005).
Table 2.1
The essential vitamins that were missing
from our RDA (Recommended Daily
Allowance) according to the ADA
(American Dietetic Association) listed in
the figure section of this dissertation. The study continues to state that the most
important vitamins that were missing from our diets were Zinc, Iron, B vitamins, and
Proteins. (Adams, 2005) This study educates readers on the importance of nutrition such
as zinc, iron, and B vitamins, which is essential as a preventive for childhood illnesses by
building up the immune system. According to the study, zinc is the most common
deficiency vitamin in the American diet (Adams, 2005).
2.5. Bad Ingredients
There are ingredients that are present in our food supply that preserve food for a
longer shelf life. The preservatives and additives are the leading causes of cancer and
behavior problems in our children. Most families that are classified as low-income
households were the most exposed in all of the economic division, because of what is
available and affordable at the time. White flour, white sugar, and fructose corn syrup
are the leading causes of diabetes and heart disease. Corn is the main ingredient in every
food product in our local grocery stores (Adams, 2005). The studies suggest that these
ingredients deplete the body of the essential B vitamins in the body.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
8 17
Agreesive
Behaviors
This deficiency may lead to anti-social and aggressive behaviors in young males.
The daily recommended intake for Zinc, B vitamins, and proteins are in fig 2.2.
(Acu-Cell Nutrition, 2010)
Table 2.2
There are scientific studies that were conducted regarding domestic violence
between parents and children that were not properly given the nourishments during
the stages of pregnancy during the child’s development. As concerned citizens, we
can take it upon ourselves to incorporate citywide programs to aid our children,
giving them the proper nutrition that is recommended. According to this study, we
Age Sex Zinc B-
Vitamins
Proteins
8 Male 5mg B1 -100
mg
B2 –
100mg
B3 –
100mg
B12 - 100
mcg
0.91
g/kg/day
17 female 5 mg Same for
all
Same for
all
can reduce crime rates statistics and aggressive behavior in our children and
adolescents (Sutliff, 2004).
Chapter 3: Naturopathy Methodology
The American economy is affecting our children’s nutrition. I surveyed
several participants on three major social website Facebook, Yahoo Questions, and
Survey Monkey. My target population consisted young mothers between the ages
of 18-32. I did not place a demographic restriction limiting the results of my study.
I placed a disclaimer that all questions were private and were for an education
purpose for a doctoral degree in Naturopathic Science. The study’s demographic
questionaire focused on income status, age, and weather if the participants were
receiving governmental assistance of any kind (AFDC, Food Stamps, and Federal
Housing Assistance).
I wanted to see if the study could be repeated and weather the results be the
same or different from past studies. I have not received any feedback from any of
my study participants. From past studies, researcher havc shown that there has not
been a suficiant amount of funding for local governments to extend benefits to
single parents for food assistance (Wiecha, 1991). There are incidents of sickness
among children that are malnurished due to lack of education in the parents, lack of
interest, and insufficient funding for prenatal visits. According to the past studies,
50% of homeless children are not receiving any assistance from the local
government or food stamps.
Our hunger crisis in Africa is leading the nation with hungry children that
are severally malnurished. The United States does not have as dire a hunger crisis
as most of the developmental nations. The US has responded to the possiblity of a
food shortage by consuming an abundant amount of genetic modified foods (GMO).
According to the statisitics of childhood deaths there are 5.6 million children dying
from hunger-related diseaes and another 146 million are underweight and
malnurished.
There are now programs that are geared to combating world hunger such as
Internation Micronutrient Mulnutrition Prevention and Control Program
(IMMPACT) which provides global support and technical assistance in elimating
vitamin and mineral deficiencies in children and hidden hunger (Gerberding, 2006).
The CDC partnered with United Nations Chidren’s Fund (UNICEF) to manage the
project and survey the quality of the programs in developmental countries.
There are a limited amount of agencies that are providing nutritional care in
developmental countires due to the lack of government funds and lack support from
the general public. We, as Americans, belong to the richest country in the world,
and we are falling short of our status with high cost and lower econmic flow of
governmental funds. We are now on borrowed time before we are in need of
foreign help ourselves. America’s economy is recovering slowly but not fast
enough for the growing 250,000 – 2.2 million hungry and homeless people that are
looking for relief.
It is estimated that, out of 100 percent of food shelters or panteries, there are
only 63% of food service personnel that have any food service training and only
17% have at least a trainied dietician or nutritionst on staff or on a volunteer basis
(Gerberding, 2006). We need more trained professionals that are nutritionst and
dieticains to volunteer at the local shelter to enhance the nutritional value for our
children and help them become healthier adults.
My methodology of nutrition is based on past studies that were published
and can provide some concerte information that can be used to build on for future
research. The nutritionaal studies have the same qualitative result regarding the
number of homeless hungry children and nutients that may influence violent or
antisocial behaviors. All of the studies that are listed in the references are based
upon the action of incorportating a health and wellness program in reference to
nutrition, proper brain development, and proper behavior modifications.
Nuritional suppleements and food sources vitamins at the pernatal level will
increase the chances of a well developed fetus (Mc Craly, 1998). Vitamin therapy
through natural food sources are best for the body’s ability to fight diseases
common among children, such as the common cold or flu. If a child does not
receive the proper nutritents that are present in leafy green vegetables (Vit C),
apples (Vit A) and milk and cheese (Vit D), the child will be suspetible to diseases
that can cause defects in their learning abilites and stature. There are plant source
alternatives that provide more vitamin D than milk and cheese, such as soy, and pine
nuts which as a great source of Vitamin B and Vitamin D (Adams, 2005).
Vitamin therapy, according naturopathy, requires several avenues to
diagnose and treat patients such as hair analysis, patient assessment, and
environmental contributations or dietary habit. It is imporant that as naturopathic
doctors, we embrase our belief and values to instill it into the patient that are
seeking services. Naturopaths are educators of proper nutrition and life sytle
enhancements, and provide treatment the patient holistically (Services, 2010).
Naturopaths prevent diseases and perform health promotion activities.
The art of Naturopathy is to seek out reliable information that can be shared
with the community to promote a healthier community. A naturopathic nurtition
based diet may consist of herbs that promote healing and proper digestion, such as
green tea, peppermint tea, and peppers. Balanced foods, herbals, and other
supplements that the a naturopath may prescribe to a patient diet to increase
vitamins for healthy growth and development such as spirilla, soy, and rice proteins
(Adams, 2005).
A naturopaths approach to health and wellness can range from nurtition
therapy, homeopathy, hydrotherapy (bach flower remedies in water), physical
massage, exercise, and lifestyle coaching. Some of the therapies that we employ as
naturopaths can be correlated with conventional medical techniques. Naturaopathy
is a age old tradition that has its root in Germany and was brought here to America
as a natural form of therapy that does not replace conventional care but
completments it (Services, 2010).
There are several principals of practice that a naturopath has to adhere to in order
to ensure safe practice when providing theraputic support in vitamin therapy and
other therapies associated with the scope of a naturopathy.
1. To do no harm that has already be done.
2. Use the healing power of nature (sun, fresh air, and water)
3. Identify and treat the cause.
4. Heal the whole person. Treat the patient holistically
5. Physicians must as as teachers of the art.
6. Prevention is the best cure (Lee, 2010)
Chapter 4: Discussion
The studies that were presented in this paper are all simular in nutritional
techniques and models of care. The federal government has stepped in to combat
global hunger but has provided limited fund to combat hunger in the United States.
Children that are in developmental stages from the ages of 0 to 4 are in the most
critical stages of deveolopment and need all the essential vitamins in their diet for
proper brain development and growth (Mc Craly, 1998).
Children that are in these early developmental stages and are part of the
homeless population tend to have more absences from school than other children
that are not homeless. Most of the data could not prove the differences between
the housed children and children that were reported homeless related to food
shortages (Wiecha, 1991). The results of all of the studies regarding proper
nutrition and the missing link between vitamin therapy and aggressive behavior
conclued that zinc, b-vitamins, and other essential minerals can be found in food
sources were to blame in criminal behavior (Adams, 2005).
There are several studies that have led me to believe that mothers that are in
abusive relationships cause childen at suckling ages to be at risk for aggressive
behaviors due to a lack of consistancy in lactation schedules, hendering the child
from essential vitamins. This study stated that “when there is abuse in the home the
mother would not seek medical attention or prenatal care, in latin countries such as
South America” (Davolos, 2006).
Our local goveernment has made changes to educate and survey programs
to ensure their effectivness and compliance. The CDC launched its program to start
in Africa where worldwide hunger is at its worst. The CDC and other private
sources raised money to assist UNICEF in implementing and providing the supplies
and the technical resources to help children in Africa. The CDC also provided
education to the local villages to enhance independace and self reliance
(Gerberding, 2006).
The hunger problem on a global scale will never go away, but we can slow
down the process of malnutrition and raise awareness to prevent disease. The
UNICEF organization reports that vitamin A, zinc, iodine deficiencies, and
micronutrient deficiencies still remain a public health problem in third world
countries (Nutrition, 2010).
4.1. Local Governmental Funding
According to the National Center for Children in Poverty there are limited
funds to feed millions of Texans. According to the United States Health and Human
Services budget, at the begining of the fiscal year the state of Texas was awarded
federal funds of $2,718,200.00 million and the state of Texas renders Texans
$239.00 a month as a benefit for food stamps (Texas Food Stamps , 2010). This is
may be enough to feed a family of two or three, but the family of six cannot survive
based the benfit amount of $239.00 a month. The state of Texas has formulated
programs that are tailored for specific populations such as WIC (Women, Infants,
and Children) and other programs that are esstential to proper health, nutrition, and
development.
Chapter 5: Summary
My dissertation regarding the American economy and the effects on the
nutritional status of children will support my theory of incorporating better
nutritional programs for children under the age of 18 years. The paper focuses on
the child’s growth and development, health and wellness through nutrition.
The sub-focus is how we could look at this problem from a global aspect and not
just citywide or statewide. I want to bring more awareness to this problem and find
steps to educate the community in establishing policy and procedures at the
governmental level. I want to secure funding opportunity for agencies that want to
help in the fight against hunger and homelessness.
In the United States, the local government solution to the vitamin deficiency
problem is to add fortified chemicals (Vitamin D, fluoride, etc) to the public
drinking water. This will replace essential nutrients that the child may not receive at
home through conventional food sources. The only objection is that all the
nutritional chemicals that are placed in the water during treatment stages are being
diluted. It is not enough minerals and vitamins getting to our children where it is
needed.
I believe that the art of natural eating may assist in curing the patient or at
least combat the growing cases of childhood diseases. For example, Rickets is a
disease that children get when they do not have enough vitamin D in their bodies.
Naturopaths give the patient soy rice protein, low fat milk (1-2% if age 6 or greater),
or cheese. Rickets can be treated and even prevented. There are many cures that
we yet to know because there is more diseases that are being discovered daily. The
naturopath never cures his/her patient but assist in the prevention and the treatment
of disease.
Chapter 6: Conclusions
My recommendation for new doctors of naturopathy, they must enforce
education at an early age on proper nutrition. I feel that we must give guidance to
the consumers, local officials, and the Directors of Government Health and Human
Services regarding childhood hunger. Healthcare professionals can prevent hunger
by becoming advocates for needy children. Many agencies in the federal
government are willing to give money towards an agency that renders aid to
homeless and low-income people. There is not enough qualified food service
personnel to implement the plans to render services to the surrounding populations.
I feel that even when the state requires a person(s) that want to operate a
soup kitchen must hire a consulting dietician. This will ensure that all the clients are
getting healthy meals that provide the DRI (Daily Recommended Intake) of
vitamins, proteins, and nutrients that a child’s need to stay healthy. The global
hunger problem starts here at the city level because there must be an example that
the plan works. We need governmental funds available for other programs that are
geared toward high-risk nutrition deficiency populations such as pregnancy,
immune compromised population (AIDS), the elderly, and WIC. These are all
examples of persons that without proper nutrients they are more susceptible to
communicable disease than any other population.
Referneces
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Appendix 1
Study Indicates Nutritional
Deficiencies Lead to Aggression &
Violence in Children
From: http://www.newstarget.com/006194.html
Other References:
Full report at American Journal of Psychiatry
Nutrition Key to Aggressive Behavior (University of Southern California)
Malnutrition in early years leads to low IQ and later antisocial behavior (Innovations
Report)
NewsTarget.com printable article April 02, 2005
By Mike Adams
Lack of Basic Nutrition Creates Generation of Criminals; Prison
System Society A new study published in the American Journal of
Psychiatry shows that children who experience malnutrition exhibit
strikingly increased behavioral disorders and aggressive behavior as
they grow older. The study looked at children between the ages of
eight and 17 years, and found some rather shocking statistics about
their behaviors. Children who suffered certain nutritional deficiencies
demonstrated a shocking 41% increase in aggression at age eight. At
age 17, they demonstrated a 51% increase in violent and antisocial
behaviors. And the only difference is their diet. It's all about the foods
they were eating and the nutrients they were missing.
What specific nutrients were missing from their diets? Four primary
nutrients were tried in the study: Zinc, iron, B vitamins and protein.
Malnourished children weren't getting crucial minerals like zinc and
iron, and they weren't getting the B vitamins they needed to develop
healthy nervous systems. And a healthy nervous system is a
prerequisite for mental and emotional health and stability.
Now let's talk about these nutrients in a little more detail and explore
why these nutritional deficiencies are so widespread.
Zinc is perhaps the single most common nutritional deficiency in the
American population. Estimates are that more than 80% of the
population is deficient in zinc. As a result of that deficiency, people's
immune systems are impaired, they're not able to resist infectious
diseases such as influenza, they're not able to heal their wounds as
quickly and they're not able to recover from surgical procedures as
quickly as they could if they had zinc. It also affects fetal development
in pregnant women and impairs neurological function.
And yet zinc is cheap! It only costs a few pennies a day to supplement
our diets with zinc. In fact, it's one of the least expensive supplements
you can get. But in our country we still have widespread chronic
deficiencies. And as we're seeing in studies like this, our zinc
deficiency is leading to let's say it bluntly criminals.
Why do we have so many criminals in this country? Because so many
of them are raised with nutritional imbalances which then distort their
mental function, their mood, their response to stress and their ability to
be successful in modern society. At least those are major contributing
factors. At the same time we have B-vitamin deficiencies, which is
interesting because so many of the popular food products sold in
grocery stores all over the country and around the world actually
deplete the body of B vitamins.
The two most common ingredients in our foods seem to be white flour
and sugar. It's hard to find any product in the grocery store, it seems,
that isn't made with flour or some form of added sugars, whether it's
sucrose, high fructose corn syrup, dextrose or just plain sugar. These
two ingredients are both highly refined ingredients, and they tend to
strip away nutrients from the bodies of people who consume them. For
example, when a person eats a donut, that donut contains both white
flour and added sugars, which deplete the body of B vitamins, causing
deficiencies. And it is these deficiencies that lead to antisocial
behavior, aggressive behavior and ultimately criminal behavior -
especially among males.
Another dietary factor in these behavioral disorders, it turns out, is a
lack of quality protein. People aren't getting high quality protein
because they think the only place to get protein is from beef and red
meat, when in fact super foods like spirulina offer much higher quality
protein. Soy and rice proteins are also much higher quality proteins. In
fact, there are many plant proteins that are actually healthier proteins
for human beings, but are not being adequately consumed by the
American population. People tend to turn to meat and milk, and those
are in my opinion the worst sources of protein if you wish to maintain
long-term health.
So we have a population that suffers from widespread nutritional
deficiencies that much we know. But what may surprise you is how
we actually deal with these deficiencies. Instead of spending a few
dollars a month on nutritional supplements that would prevent these
chronic diseases and aggressive behaviors, we end up spending
hundreds of billions of dollars a year on building new prisons and
treating these people with expensive prescriptions and mind-altering
drugs. When it comes to children, for example, instead of giving them
the food they need to be healthy, which would prevent these diseases
and disorders, we dose them on Ritalin, antidepressants and other
mind-altering drugs. This is expensive. It also impairs the child's
learning capability while at the same time increasing the child's risk of
violent behavior and suicide.
Here we have a nutrient deficiency, most notably the B vitamins, that
is causing children to act aggressively and be diagnosed with ADHD.
The solution offered by conventional medicine is to dose them with
antidepressant drugs that actually promote more aggressive behavior
as we've seen in recent school killings. What kind of solution is that? It
sounds crazy, but it's exactly the solution being implemented every
day, right now, all across the country. Perhaps even with your child.
But these kids don't need drugs; they need vitamins, nutrition and
healthy foods.
Another point worth mentioning here is that the national food supply
doesn't offer consumers sufficient quantities of these vitamins and
minerals. There's a great myth out there one frequently promoted by
conventionally trained medical doctors that says you get all the
nutrition you need from eating three balanced meals a day. But this is
nothing more than a myth. "Three balanced meals a day" is
meaningless because a lot of people think that one breakfast at
Denny's, lunch at McDonald's and dinner at home with macaroni and
cheese is "balanced". And that's absurd. It is neither balanced nor a
meal. It's simply junk food that promotes chronic disease and obesity.
But even if you went to the grocery store for fruits and vegetables and
ate them three times a day, you still wouldn't be getting adequate
nutrition (see related eBook on nutrition). To figure this out for
yourself, just do the math.
Add up the U.S. RDA numbers on the labels of all the foods you
consume, and you'll find out that if you're going to meet the minimum
requirements set by the U.S. government for preventing chronic
disease, you're going to have to eat, on average, 10,000 calories a
day of grocery store foods. That's 500% more food than an individual
needs if they're a healthy adult of average weight. It's impossible to
eat that much, even if you try hard. Morgan Spurlock, the creator of
the "Supersize Me" documentary, ate nothing but McDonald's food for
30 days. He stuffed himself with McDonald's food three times a day
and still only managed to eat about 5,000 calories. You would have to
double Spurlock's incredible feat to eat 10,000 calories a day. And
only then would you be meeting the minimum requirements for
nutrition.
And yet, those minimum requirements aren't enough to experience
optimum health; all they do is prevent the most obvious nutritional
deficiency diseases such as beriberi, scurvy or even rickets. If you
want to get optimum health, you've got to supplement your diet
through nutritional supplements, or by consuming super foods like
chlorella or spirulina, sprouts, berries and products like The Ultimate
Meal or Berry Green. This is the only way you can get adequate
nutrition.
As we're now realizing with this study, a huge segment of our
childhood population clearly is not getting this nutrition. As a result, we
are raising yet another generation of children with behavioral
disorders, aggression and problems with the law. Essentially, we are
raising tomorrow's
criminals. These are the people that will be put in federal prisons that
you and I will have to pay for with our taxpayer dollars. We're going to
have to support them, and it costs a lot of money to support prisoners.
Not only do they not produce anything, they don't pay taxes or
contribute to the revenue needed to support society. They actually
suck away revenues from society by costing something like $60,000
per year per prisoner on average. They simply waste away without
learning new skills that could help them assimilate back into society
someday.
Now think about it. We could spend a few dollars a month on our
children, and give them nutritional supplements that prevent all of this.
The choice is this: spend a few dollars a month on supplementing our
kids' nutrition, or let this become a full-blown problem where we have
to build more prisons and spend tens of thousands of dollars every
year to support them in our federal prison system.
Which choice makes more sense? If you were running the country and
had to decide where to spend the money, where would it make more
sense? Should you spend a couple of dollars a month on nutritional
supplements for children and pregnant women, or should you spend
$60,000 a year on each and every criminal that is created by
nutritional deficiencies? Think about it.
Right now in our country, we have a system that literally gives rise to a
population of emotionally imbalanced, mentally deranged criminals.
And they are that way because, in part, they don't have good nutrition.
They simply don't get the vitamins and minerals that their nervous
systems need to fully develop and function in a healthy way.
So what's the solution here? It's easy. Nutritional supplements should
be made available free of charge to the entire population. The
government (the taxpayers, actually) should provide free vitamins,
minerals and phytonutrients to the population, especially pregnant
women and children, so that we can prevent birth defects and
behavioral disorders early on. We would save countless dollars down
the road. This is something I've supported for a long time and I will
continue to promote.
But of course, nothing is free. American taxpayers would be footing
the bill, but it is a wise investment. By spending a few dollars on
disease prevention today, we are avoiding the long-term expenditure
of a lot more money taking care of a society full of criminals.
Nutrition is a great investment, and preventing disease has a big
payoff for society. I say we pay close attention to these studies and
find ways to provide better nutrition to our children, our expectant
mothers and our general population so that we can prevent these
diseases before they become problems for society.
Source: http://www.newstarget.com/006194.html
Other References:
Full report at American Journal of Psychiatry
Nutrition Key to Aggressive Behavior (University of Southern California)
Malnutrition in early years leads to low IQ and later antisocial behavior (Innovations
Report)
Appendix 2
The burden of disease among the global
poor
Davidson R Gwatkin MPA a , Michel Guillot MA b, Patrick Heuveline PhD c
Summary
Background
Global and regional estimates show that noncommunicable diseases in old
age are rising in importance relative to other causes of ill health as
populations age, and as progress continues against communicable diseases
among infants and children. However, these estimates, which cover
population groups at all income levels, do not accurately reflect conditions
that prevail among the poor. We estimated the burden of disease among
the 20% of the global population living in countries with the lowest per
capita incomes, compared with the 20% of the world's people living in the
richest countries.
Methods
Estimates for the global poorest and richest 20% were prepared for 1990
for deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), by a procedure used
in a prominent recent study of the global disease burden. Projected
mortality rates in the year 2020 were established for the world's poorest
and richest 20% under various assumptions about the future rate of decline
in communicable and noncommunicable diseases.
Findings
In 1990, communicable diseases caused 59% of death and disability among
the world's poorest 20%. Among the world's richest 20%, on the other hand,
noncommunicable diseases caused 85% of death and disability. A raised
baseline rate of communicable disease decline between 1990 and 2020
would increase life-expectancy among the world's poorest 20% around ten
times as much as it would the richest 20% (4·1 vs. 0·4 years). However, the
poorest 20% would gain only around a quarter to a third as much as the
richest 20% from a similar increase in non-communicable diseases
(1·4 vs. 5·3 years). As a result, a faster decline in communicable diseases
would decrease the poor-rich gap in 2020, but under an accelerated rate
of overall decline in non-communicable diseases, the poor-rich gap would
widen.
Interpretation
Our estimates are crude, but despite their limitations, they give a more
accurate picture of changes in attributable mortality among the world's
poor than do the global averages in current use.
Nutritional Survey Tool
1. What is your age
1. 18-21
2. 22-30
3. 31-40
4. 50+
2. How do you view your present health status?
1. Never Sick
2. Often sick (colds. asthma, etc.)
3. Always sick (chronic illness, AIDS, COPD, Heart Disease)
3. How is your present Diet?
1. Vegetarian
2. Meat eater (red) beef with vegetables
3. Meat eater without red meat (beef) with vegetables
4. Meat eater no vegetable or very little
4. What is present income status? Remember this is a survey that
determines what income status is the most affected by the
economy.
1. unemployed
2. 5,000 - 15,000 yearly
3. 16,000 - 25,000 yearly
4. 30,000 - 40,000 Yearly
5. 41,000 +
5. Do you feel that government assistance (food stamps, AFDC, etc.)
are helping those that are affected by the economy?
1. Yes
2. No
6. How do you feel about organic foods?
1. The food is safer
2. It is much more expensive
3. It doesn’t matter food is food.
7. How do you judge your food supply?
1. Are you a research consumer
2. Do you check for the daily specials and search for better deals
3. Just get what you need regardless of the price.
8. How do you view hunger in the world?
1. It is not a big problem
2. Its only homeless people affected by hunger.
3. Everybody is affected including the rich
4. It doesn’t bother me I can’t do anything about it

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Economic Status Impacts Child Nutrition

  • 1. ECONOMIC STATUS AND NUTRITION AMERICA’S ECONOMICS AND THE IMPACT IN OUR NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF HOMELESS CHILDREN A Dissertation Presented By Anthony Wallace, ND Naturopathy Doctoral Candidate To The Faculty of Clayton College of Natural Health Graduate College In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Naturopathy Specializing in Naturopathy Education December 28, 2010 All Rights © Reserve
  • 2. ECONOMIC STATUS AND NUTRITION ii Table of Contents Foreword……………………………………………………………………………iii Abstract……………………………………………………………………………...v CHAPTER 1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………….1 Homeless children……………………………………………………………….1 Nutritional impact……………………………………………………………….2 Prepare the community………………………………………………………….3 CHAPTER 2 Homeless Nutrition……………………………………….........................................4 2.1 The background…………………………………………………………….. 4 2.2 The burden of sickness……………………………………………………....4 2.3 Malnutrition………………………………………………………………….5 2.4. Violence and Nutrition……………………………………………………...6 2.5. Bad Ingredients……………………………………………………………...7 CHAPTER 3: Naturopathy Methodologies…………………………………………9 CHAPTER 4: Discussion…………………………………………………………..13 4.1 Local Government Funding………………………………………………...14
  • 3. ECONOMIC STATUS AND NUTRITION iii CHAPTER 5 Summary……………………………………………………………..15 CHAPTER 6 Recommendation…………………………………………………….17 References…...……………………………………………………….18 Appendix 1….………………………………………………………..20 Appendix 2.…………………………………………………………..25 Appendix.………...………………………………………………….27
  • 4. ECONOMIC STATUS AND NUTRITION LIST OF TABLES Tables Page Table 1.1 Community Disparities Among the Homeless Population 5 Table 2.1 Aggressive Behaviors Chart 7 Table 3.1 Proper Intake of Vitamins and Aggressive Behaviors 8
  • 5. ECONOMIC STATUS AND NUTRITION 3 FORWARD I want to dedicate this paper to my many supporters that have stuck by me through thick and thin. The road is hard working towards a PhD but it is worth the struggles at the end of the course. I want to thank my mother for her encouragement to keep trying, never quite, never give in. In all essence, thanks mom. To the many PHD candidates and faculty, it has been a pleasure Take care and be in good health.
  • 6. ECONOMIC STATUS AND NUTRITION 4 ABSTRACT This dissertation’s main focus is on how children that are raised primarily in a domesticated home that is filled with violence are not able to perform well in school as other children that are raised in home that are not violent. The study is an informative dissertation that will inform the reader of past studies of children that are raised in violent homes. The paper compares the impact of the child’s environment and their nutritional status. The paper will also support theories of negative behaviors on nutrition intake and school performance. In conclusion, the dissertation will display my recommendations for parents, school nurses, and administrators, to intervene when students makes an outcry for help. Keywords: nutrition, homeless children, violence, America
  • 7. ECONOMIC STATUS AND NUTRITION 5
  • 8. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION In this dissertation, I will explain how our local economy can affect our children and their eating habits. Most of our children are raised in low-income environments and do not receive the daily amount of nutrition that is recommended for proper growth and development (Keeler, 2009). This paper will give insight on problems that affect our homeless children. I will explain how we can develop policies and procedures in our government to ensure that low-income families may receive quality meals. My mission is to educate and promote health and wellness to prevent common childhood diseases. There are several studies related to nutrition concerning the homeless population. My dissertation is an informative essay that will give a simple description of our growing population of homeless children. I believe with more education and community networking we can lobby for more programs geared to helping children to receive the gift of proper health and wellness through nutrition. 1.1 Homeless Children In the United States of America, the homeless population is approximently 2.2 million people and majority of the population consists of single mothers and runaway teens (Wiecha, 1991). There are children suffering from starvation and vitamin deficiency because of the lack of funding from our government regarding the food stamps program and the lack of soup kitchens in the area of need.
  • 9. Many soup kitchens offer food, shelter, clothing, and even job assistance, but lack the funding needed, making it a challenge to feed everyone that is in need of services. Most of the single mothers that have applied for services such as the food stamps and AFDC (Aids to Families with Dependent Children) program are rejected because the mother does not have stable housing and departmental lack of funding. Most of the parents in the study conducted by Wiecha, were on drugs, lost their jobs and could not find work, or suffer from some form of mental illness (Wiecha, 1991). 1.2 Nutritional Impact Children that are not properly fed nutritious foods that they need for health and development can suffer from anemia, brain and developmental delays, and poor muscle function (Ansage, 2008). The United States government awards each state with federal fund free lunch programs. Then the funds are trickled down to our local government for use in our local school districts. Our local school lunch programs are designed to prevent several childhood diseases such as rickets, vitamin A deficiency, and other vitamin deficiencies that will cause developmental delays and even death (Robert, 2010). As Naturopathic Doctors, we are trained to look at the family in a holistic phase when treating them and assisting in lifestyle changes in their diets, recreational activities, and emotional health. There are valued steps that our community can combat the hunger problem. For example, volunteering at the local shelter, donating food in quantities, and getting others involved in helping others.
  • 10. Most of our communities consist of followers, by leading them in the right direction, we can fight hungry and prevail. 1.3 Prepare the Community Our community is need of people that have caring hearts to do a job of many men and that is willing to care for global population. There is a sense of awareness that I want to bring to the community about our growing trend of homeless children in America. We tend to turn our head at the homeless person on the street corner asking for a dime or just a piece of your sandwich to fill his/her stomach for tonight. There are so many ways that we can raise awareness of this growing problem. With the present economy and the loss of millions of jobs, we can start to prepare for the unthinkable. The unthinkable would be that everybody has lost his/her job and history has repeated itself with the great depression. I believe that in my paper along with my recommendations we can go to the local government and solicit local branches of government to assist in raising funds from those that can sponsor homeless shelters, provide resources for job training or hiring information, etc. These are all good avenues to start thinking and placing action regarding this issue. This growing trend is not only affecting our nation, but also the family that is affect by hungry and extreme poverty.
  • 11. CHAPTER 2: Homeless Nutrition 2.1. The Background In the United States of America there are more than 250,000 to 2.2 million people that are homeless and over 50% are children. Most of the homeless population is single mothers that are either pregnant, fatherless, or considered low- income housing. The elderly population and runaway teens make up 5-10% of the 2.2 million homeless population (Wiecha, 1991). The problems that may result from malnutrition are poor brain development, hypertension, immune suppression, and other acute and chronic infections. 2.2 The Burden of Sickness The burden of the poor according to the 1990 situation study clearly suggests that the rich are benefiting financially because of the decline of communicable diseases among the homeless population. The 1990 situation studies suggest that communicable diseases are considerably more important for the world’s poor than the global averages. These studies suggest that non-communicable diseases are less important than communicable (Gwatkim,1999). In the study, The Burden Disease among the Global Poor states that in the DALY (Disability-Adjusted Life) the United States population that are considered rich are benefiting from proper medical care when they are sick versus the poor and homeless population that are unable to afford the proper medical services that are needed. When we have patients that cannot afford proper healthcare it becomes a burden to the local government hospitals.
  • 12. In the diagram below is a comparison of how there are more deaths and disabilities regarding communicable diseases and non-communicable disease among the poor. Table 1.1 The diagram above clearly show that differences in the economic classes regarding diseases populations and care rendered. The rich are shown in yellow and are most likely to get sick and seek treatment for a disease that is non- communicable such as heart disease or hypertension. On the other hand, the homeless populations that have contracted any communicable diseases are caught in a survival of the fittest. In my opinion, with the lack of essential vitamins, poor immune support, and lack of regular meals the homeless population will be most susceptible to TB, Colds, and Flu (Gwatkim,1999). 2.3. Malnutrition Malnutrition is a condition that occurs mostly in the developing counturies and can cause other diseases such as brain damage, developmental delays and poor muscle coordination. There are more than 800 million persons world wide that are struggling with hunger (Torpy, 2004). Malnutrition can cause a person to become confused and disoriented because of the lack of essential nutritients that nurish our brain cells. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Global Poor Global Rich injuries Non Communicable Communicable DALY
  • 13. In the United States of America, we are fighting hunger as developmental countries Africa and Asia, and some parts of the Indies that are in the most worse conditions than the US population. Sickness and disease resulting from malnutrition is much more than just missing one meal. Malunutrition is when the patient is exibiting symptoms of dehydration and lacks essential protein that is needed daily. The body needs essential vitamins and minerals to perform daily task. For example, watching television, reading the daily paper, and performing the routine task of our normal ADL’s (Activities of Daily Living). There are several diseases and childhood learning disabilities that may present as a result of malnutrition. Iron and iodine deficiency can affect the child’s ability to concentrate and retain information that has been taught in school. It is essential that new mothers get regular prenatal checkup with their Obstritian/Gynocologist to prevent vitiamins, protiens, and other nutrients deficiancies (Thompson, 2010). 2.4 Violence and Nutrition A study that was conducted in 2005 stated that malnutrition at an early age could result from aggressive behaviors as the child grows into adulthood. The study was conducted on middle to adolestant school age children from the ages of 8 to 17 years old. The study found that 41% of participants lacked certain essential proteins which may have contributed to the display of more aggressive behaviors. According to the study participants that were at the age of 17 years old, 51% displayed anti-social and aggressive behaviors (Adams, 2005).
  • 14. Table 2.1 The essential vitamins that were missing from our RDA (Recommended Daily Allowance) according to the ADA (American Dietetic Association) listed in the figure section of this dissertation. The study continues to state that the most important vitamins that were missing from our diets were Zinc, Iron, B vitamins, and Proteins. (Adams, 2005) This study educates readers on the importance of nutrition such as zinc, iron, and B vitamins, which is essential as a preventive for childhood illnesses by building up the immune system. According to the study, zinc is the most common deficiency vitamin in the American diet (Adams, 2005). 2.5. Bad Ingredients There are ingredients that are present in our food supply that preserve food for a longer shelf life. The preservatives and additives are the leading causes of cancer and behavior problems in our children. Most families that are classified as low-income households were the most exposed in all of the economic division, because of what is available and affordable at the time. White flour, white sugar, and fructose corn syrup are the leading causes of diabetes and heart disease. Corn is the main ingredient in every food product in our local grocery stores (Adams, 2005). The studies suggest that these ingredients deplete the body of the essential B vitamins in the body. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 8 17 Agreesive Behaviors
  • 15. This deficiency may lead to anti-social and aggressive behaviors in young males. The daily recommended intake for Zinc, B vitamins, and proteins are in fig 2.2. (Acu-Cell Nutrition, 2010) Table 2.2 There are scientific studies that were conducted regarding domestic violence between parents and children that were not properly given the nourishments during the stages of pregnancy during the child’s development. As concerned citizens, we can take it upon ourselves to incorporate citywide programs to aid our children, giving them the proper nutrition that is recommended. According to this study, we Age Sex Zinc B- Vitamins Proteins 8 Male 5mg B1 -100 mg B2 – 100mg B3 – 100mg B12 - 100 mcg 0.91 g/kg/day 17 female 5 mg Same for all Same for all
  • 16. can reduce crime rates statistics and aggressive behavior in our children and adolescents (Sutliff, 2004). Chapter 3: Naturopathy Methodology The American economy is affecting our children’s nutrition. I surveyed several participants on three major social website Facebook, Yahoo Questions, and Survey Monkey. My target population consisted young mothers between the ages of 18-32. I did not place a demographic restriction limiting the results of my study. I placed a disclaimer that all questions were private and were for an education purpose for a doctoral degree in Naturopathic Science. The study’s demographic questionaire focused on income status, age, and weather if the participants were receiving governmental assistance of any kind (AFDC, Food Stamps, and Federal Housing Assistance). I wanted to see if the study could be repeated and weather the results be the same or different from past studies. I have not received any feedback from any of my study participants. From past studies, researcher havc shown that there has not been a suficiant amount of funding for local governments to extend benefits to single parents for food assistance (Wiecha, 1991). There are incidents of sickness among children that are malnurished due to lack of education in the parents, lack of interest, and insufficient funding for prenatal visits. According to the past studies,
  • 17. 50% of homeless children are not receiving any assistance from the local government or food stamps. Our hunger crisis in Africa is leading the nation with hungry children that are severally malnurished. The United States does not have as dire a hunger crisis as most of the developmental nations. The US has responded to the possiblity of a food shortage by consuming an abundant amount of genetic modified foods (GMO). According to the statisitics of childhood deaths there are 5.6 million children dying from hunger-related diseaes and another 146 million are underweight and malnurished. There are now programs that are geared to combating world hunger such as Internation Micronutrient Mulnutrition Prevention and Control Program (IMMPACT) which provides global support and technical assistance in elimating vitamin and mineral deficiencies in children and hidden hunger (Gerberding, 2006). The CDC partnered with United Nations Chidren’s Fund (UNICEF) to manage the project and survey the quality of the programs in developmental countries. There are a limited amount of agencies that are providing nutritional care in developmental countires due to the lack of government funds and lack support from the general public. We, as Americans, belong to the richest country in the world, and we are falling short of our status with high cost and lower econmic flow of governmental funds. We are now on borrowed time before we are in need of
  • 18. foreign help ourselves. America’s economy is recovering slowly but not fast enough for the growing 250,000 – 2.2 million hungry and homeless people that are looking for relief. It is estimated that, out of 100 percent of food shelters or panteries, there are only 63% of food service personnel that have any food service training and only 17% have at least a trainied dietician or nutritionst on staff or on a volunteer basis (Gerberding, 2006). We need more trained professionals that are nutritionst and dieticains to volunteer at the local shelter to enhance the nutritional value for our children and help them become healthier adults. My methodology of nutrition is based on past studies that were published and can provide some concerte information that can be used to build on for future research. The nutritionaal studies have the same qualitative result regarding the number of homeless hungry children and nutients that may influence violent or antisocial behaviors. All of the studies that are listed in the references are based upon the action of incorportating a health and wellness program in reference to nutrition, proper brain development, and proper behavior modifications. Nuritional suppleements and food sources vitamins at the pernatal level will increase the chances of a well developed fetus (Mc Craly, 1998). Vitamin therapy through natural food sources are best for the body’s ability to fight diseases common among children, such as the common cold or flu. If a child does not receive the proper nutritents that are present in leafy green vegetables (Vit C), apples (Vit A) and milk and cheese (Vit D), the child will be suspetible to diseases
  • 19. that can cause defects in their learning abilites and stature. There are plant source alternatives that provide more vitamin D than milk and cheese, such as soy, and pine nuts which as a great source of Vitamin B and Vitamin D (Adams, 2005). Vitamin therapy, according naturopathy, requires several avenues to diagnose and treat patients such as hair analysis, patient assessment, and environmental contributations or dietary habit. It is imporant that as naturopathic doctors, we embrase our belief and values to instill it into the patient that are seeking services. Naturopaths are educators of proper nutrition and life sytle enhancements, and provide treatment the patient holistically (Services, 2010). Naturopaths prevent diseases and perform health promotion activities. The art of Naturopathy is to seek out reliable information that can be shared with the community to promote a healthier community. A naturopathic nurtition based diet may consist of herbs that promote healing and proper digestion, such as green tea, peppermint tea, and peppers. Balanced foods, herbals, and other supplements that the a naturopath may prescribe to a patient diet to increase vitamins for healthy growth and development such as spirilla, soy, and rice proteins (Adams, 2005). A naturopaths approach to health and wellness can range from nurtition therapy, homeopathy, hydrotherapy (bach flower remedies in water), physical massage, exercise, and lifestyle coaching. Some of the therapies that we employ as naturopaths can be correlated with conventional medical techniques. Naturaopathy is a age old tradition that has its root in Germany and was brought here to America
  • 20. as a natural form of therapy that does not replace conventional care but completments it (Services, 2010). There are several principals of practice that a naturopath has to adhere to in order to ensure safe practice when providing theraputic support in vitamin therapy and other therapies associated with the scope of a naturopathy. 1. To do no harm that has already be done. 2. Use the healing power of nature (sun, fresh air, and water) 3. Identify and treat the cause. 4. Heal the whole person. Treat the patient holistically 5. Physicians must as as teachers of the art. 6. Prevention is the best cure (Lee, 2010) Chapter 4: Discussion The studies that were presented in this paper are all simular in nutritional techniques and models of care. The federal government has stepped in to combat global hunger but has provided limited fund to combat hunger in the United States. Children that are in developmental stages from the ages of 0 to 4 are in the most critical stages of deveolopment and need all the essential vitamins in their diet for proper brain development and growth (Mc Craly, 1998).
  • 21. Children that are in these early developmental stages and are part of the homeless population tend to have more absences from school than other children that are not homeless. Most of the data could not prove the differences between the housed children and children that were reported homeless related to food shortages (Wiecha, 1991). The results of all of the studies regarding proper nutrition and the missing link between vitamin therapy and aggressive behavior conclued that zinc, b-vitamins, and other essential minerals can be found in food sources were to blame in criminal behavior (Adams, 2005). There are several studies that have led me to believe that mothers that are in abusive relationships cause childen at suckling ages to be at risk for aggressive behaviors due to a lack of consistancy in lactation schedules, hendering the child from essential vitamins. This study stated that “when there is abuse in the home the mother would not seek medical attention or prenatal care, in latin countries such as South America” (Davolos, 2006). Our local goveernment has made changes to educate and survey programs to ensure their effectivness and compliance. The CDC launched its program to start in Africa where worldwide hunger is at its worst. The CDC and other private sources raised money to assist UNICEF in implementing and providing the supplies and the technical resources to help children in Africa. The CDC also provided education to the local villages to enhance independace and self reliance (Gerberding, 2006).
  • 22. The hunger problem on a global scale will never go away, but we can slow down the process of malnutrition and raise awareness to prevent disease. The UNICEF organization reports that vitamin A, zinc, iodine deficiencies, and micronutrient deficiencies still remain a public health problem in third world countries (Nutrition, 2010). 4.1. Local Governmental Funding According to the National Center for Children in Poverty there are limited funds to feed millions of Texans. According to the United States Health and Human Services budget, at the begining of the fiscal year the state of Texas was awarded federal funds of $2,718,200.00 million and the state of Texas renders Texans $239.00 a month as a benefit for food stamps (Texas Food Stamps , 2010). This is may be enough to feed a family of two or three, but the family of six cannot survive based the benfit amount of $239.00 a month. The state of Texas has formulated programs that are tailored for specific populations such as WIC (Women, Infants, and Children) and other programs that are esstential to proper health, nutrition, and development. Chapter 5: Summary My dissertation regarding the American economy and the effects on the nutritional status of children will support my theory of incorporating better
  • 23. nutritional programs for children under the age of 18 years. The paper focuses on the child’s growth and development, health and wellness through nutrition. The sub-focus is how we could look at this problem from a global aspect and not just citywide or statewide. I want to bring more awareness to this problem and find steps to educate the community in establishing policy and procedures at the governmental level. I want to secure funding opportunity for agencies that want to help in the fight against hunger and homelessness. In the United States, the local government solution to the vitamin deficiency problem is to add fortified chemicals (Vitamin D, fluoride, etc) to the public drinking water. This will replace essential nutrients that the child may not receive at home through conventional food sources. The only objection is that all the nutritional chemicals that are placed in the water during treatment stages are being diluted. It is not enough minerals and vitamins getting to our children where it is needed. I believe that the art of natural eating may assist in curing the patient or at least combat the growing cases of childhood diseases. For example, Rickets is a disease that children get when they do not have enough vitamin D in their bodies. Naturopaths give the patient soy rice protein, low fat milk (1-2% if age 6 or greater), or cheese. Rickets can be treated and even prevented. There are many cures that we yet to know because there is more diseases that are being discovered daily. The naturopath never cures his/her patient but assist in the prevention and the treatment of disease.
  • 24. Chapter 6: Conclusions My recommendation for new doctors of naturopathy, they must enforce education at an early age on proper nutrition. I feel that we must give guidance to the consumers, local officials, and the Directors of Government Health and Human Services regarding childhood hunger. Healthcare professionals can prevent hunger by becoming advocates for needy children. Many agencies in the federal government are willing to give money towards an agency that renders aid to homeless and low-income people. There is not enough qualified food service personnel to implement the plans to render services to the surrounding populations. I feel that even when the state requires a person(s) that want to operate a soup kitchen must hire a consulting dietician. This will ensure that all the clients are getting healthy meals that provide the DRI (Daily Recommended Intake) of vitamins, proteins, and nutrients that a child’s need to stay healthy. The global hunger problem starts here at the city level because there must be an example that the plan works. We need governmental funds available for other programs that are geared toward high-risk nutrition deficiency populations such as pregnancy, immune compromised population (AIDS), the elderly, and WIC. These are all examples of persons that without proper nutrients they are more susceptible to communicable disease than any other population.
  • 25. Referneces Adams, M. (2005). Study Indicates Nutritional Deficiencies Lead to Aggression & Violence in Children. Organic Consumers Association , 1. Ahmed, F. (2010). Public Health Manpower: An Alternative Model . Indian Journal of Public Health, E137. Anonymous. (2010). Public Health; Unhealthy Behaviors Combine to Increase Death Risk. Cancer Weekly Plus, 770. Babalola, O. G.-K. (2012). Ethical Dilemmas in Journal Publication. Pub Med Cinical Dermatology, 231-236. Center for Disease Control. (2001, 02). HIV and AIDS---United States 1981-2000. CDC pub 50(21);430-4, pp. 430-4. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid . (2010, July 1). Medicare Enrollment . Retrieved from CMS: http://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends- and-Reports/MedicareEnrpts/Downloads/10All.pdf Chen, C. Y. (2012). Overlapping Prescription of Stimulants for Children and Adolesants with Attention-Defict Hyperactivity Disorder. Tulsa, Ok: Psychiatric Services . Delong, R. (2010). Effect of Nutrition on Brain Development in Humans. American Society for Clinical Nutrition, 1-5. Department of Health and Hospitals . (2012, 09). Hospice Networks . Retrieved from Department of Health and Hospitals : http://new.dhh.louisiana.gov/index.cfm/directory/category/168 Fleming SA, G. N. (2010). Naturopathy and the Primary Care Practice. Wisconsin: pubmed . Gal.G, L. I. (2012). Child/AdolesantAbuse and Suicidal Behavior. Pubmed, 1943. Gwatkins DR, G. M. (1999). The Burden of Disease Among the Global Poor. Lancet, 354. Hamilton, S. (2010). Healthcare: Global Savings. Employee Benefits Magazine , 1. JL Wiecha, J. D.-S. (1991). Nutrition and Health Services Needs Among the Homeless. Bethesda: Tuff University . Julie L. Gerberding, M. M. (2006). CDC Efforts to Combat Child Hunger and Malnutrition in Developing Countries. United States department of Health and Human Services , 1. Kozier, B. E. (2004). Fundamentals of Nursing 7th Edition. Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson-Prentice Hall.
  • 26. Laimbacher, J. (2012). What You Need to Know About Eating and Drinking Behaviors in School-age Children. PubMed, 491-498. Lemon, G. L. (1967). Survey of Welfare Clients to Determine Need for Home Health Aides. Public Health Reports Vol 82. Maria Davolos, I. S. (2006). Domestic Violence and Child Nutrition in latin America: A Barganing Power Approach. Social Services Network . Murphy, C. M. (2013). Homeless and Pregnant: A Public Health Unit Innovative Responce . Journal of Public Health , E271. National Cancer Institute. (2011, 01 12). The Cost of Cancer . Retrieved from National Cancer Institute: http://www.cancer.gov/aboutnci/servingpeople/cancer- statistics/costofcancer National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization. (2012, 01). Hospice Care in America. Retrieved from National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization : http://www.nhpco.org/files/public/Statistics_Research/2011_Facts_Figures.pdf NCCP: Texas Food Stamps . (2010). Retrieved from NCCP: Texas Food Stamps: http://www.nccp.org/profiles/TX_profile_29.html Senior Health . (2013). Senior Health Insurance . Retrieved from Senior Health Insurance Medicare : http://www.seniors-health-insurance.com/medicare.php Services, U. D. (2010). Naturopathy: An Introduction . National Center for Contempory and Alternative Medicine , 1-5. Texas Department of Human Serivce Medicaid . (2012, May-June 1). Texas Department of Humans Services Commision - Texas Medicaid . Retrieved from Texas Medicaid Statisics : http://www.hhsc.state.tx.us/research/MedicaidEnrollment/me-results.asp Thompson, H. L. (2010). Malnutrition As A Possible Contributing Factor to Learning Disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities , 1. Torpy, J. M. (2004). Malnutrition in Children . Journal of American Medical Association , 1. United State Census Bureau. (2011). State and County Quick Facts . Washington D.C.: United State Census. Wallace, A . (2010, October 18). Nutritona Survey Among Children . America's Economics and The Impact In our Nutritonal Status. Dallas, Texas, USA: P.C.D.I Healthcare and Consultants of Texas . World Health Organization . (1992). International Conference on Nutrition World Declaration and Plan of Action for Nurtrition . World Health Organization (p. 9). Rome : World Health Orgaization . Xiung, H. S. (2012). Medical Expenditures Associated wiht Non-Fatal Occupational Injuries AMong Immagrant and US Born Workers. BMH Public Health , 678.
  • 27. Appendix 1 Study Indicates Nutritional Deficiencies Lead to Aggression & Violence in Children From: http://www.newstarget.com/006194.html Other References: Full report at American Journal of Psychiatry Nutrition Key to Aggressive Behavior (University of Southern California) Malnutrition in early years leads to low IQ and later antisocial behavior (Innovations Report) NewsTarget.com printable article April 02, 2005 By Mike Adams Lack of Basic Nutrition Creates Generation of Criminals; Prison System Society A new study published in the American Journal of Psychiatry shows that children who experience malnutrition exhibit strikingly increased behavioral disorders and aggressive behavior as they grow older. The study looked at children between the ages of eight and 17 years, and found some rather shocking statistics about their behaviors. Children who suffered certain nutritional deficiencies demonstrated a shocking 41% increase in aggression at age eight. At age 17, they demonstrated a 51% increase in violent and antisocial behaviors. And the only difference is their diet. It's all about the foods they were eating and the nutrients they were missing.
  • 28. What specific nutrients were missing from their diets? Four primary nutrients were tried in the study: Zinc, iron, B vitamins and protein. Malnourished children weren't getting crucial minerals like zinc and iron, and they weren't getting the B vitamins they needed to develop healthy nervous systems. And a healthy nervous system is a prerequisite for mental and emotional health and stability. Now let's talk about these nutrients in a little more detail and explore why these nutritional deficiencies are so widespread. Zinc is perhaps the single most common nutritional deficiency in the American population. Estimates are that more than 80% of the population is deficient in zinc. As a result of that deficiency, people's immune systems are impaired, they're not able to resist infectious diseases such as influenza, they're not able to heal their wounds as quickly and they're not able to recover from surgical procedures as quickly as they could if they had zinc. It also affects fetal development in pregnant women and impairs neurological function. And yet zinc is cheap! It only costs a few pennies a day to supplement our diets with zinc. In fact, it's one of the least expensive supplements you can get. But in our country we still have widespread chronic deficiencies. And as we're seeing in studies like this, our zinc deficiency is leading to let's say it bluntly criminals. Why do we have so many criminals in this country? Because so many of them are raised with nutritional imbalances which then distort their mental function, their mood, their response to stress and their ability to be successful in modern society. At least those are major contributing factors. At the same time we have B-vitamin deficiencies, which is interesting because so many of the popular food products sold in grocery stores all over the country and around the world actually deplete the body of B vitamins. The two most common ingredients in our foods seem to be white flour and sugar. It's hard to find any product in the grocery store, it seems, that isn't made with flour or some form of added sugars, whether it's sucrose, high fructose corn syrup, dextrose or just plain sugar. These two ingredients are both highly refined ingredients, and they tend to strip away nutrients from the bodies of people who consume them. For example, when a person eats a donut, that donut contains both white flour and added sugars, which deplete the body of B vitamins, causing deficiencies. And it is these deficiencies that lead to antisocial
  • 29. behavior, aggressive behavior and ultimately criminal behavior - especially among males. Another dietary factor in these behavioral disorders, it turns out, is a lack of quality protein. People aren't getting high quality protein because they think the only place to get protein is from beef and red meat, when in fact super foods like spirulina offer much higher quality protein. Soy and rice proteins are also much higher quality proteins. In fact, there are many plant proteins that are actually healthier proteins for human beings, but are not being adequately consumed by the American population. People tend to turn to meat and milk, and those are in my opinion the worst sources of protein if you wish to maintain long-term health. So we have a population that suffers from widespread nutritional deficiencies that much we know. But what may surprise you is how we actually deal with these deficiencies. Instead of spending a few dollars a month on nutritional supplements that would prevent these chronic diseases and aggressive behaviors, we end up spending hundreds of billions of dollars a year on building new prisons and treating these people with expensive prescriptions and mind-altering drugs. When it comes to children, for example, instead of giving them the food they need to be healthy, which would prevent these diseases and disorders, we dose them on Ritalin, antidepressants and other mind-altering drugs. This is expensive. It also impairs the child's learning capability while at the same time increasing the child's risk of violent behavior and suicide. Here we have a nutrient deficiency, most notably the B vitamins, that is causing children to act aggressively and be diagnosed with ADHD. The solution offered by conventional medicine is to dose them with antidepressant drugs that actually promote more aggressive behavior as we've seen in recent school killings. What kind of solution is that? It sounds crazy, but it's exactly the solution being implemented every day, right now, all across the country. Perhaps even with your child. But these kids don't need drugs; they need vitamins, nutrition and healthy foods. Another point worth mentioning here is that the national food supply doesn't offer consumers sufficient quantities of these vitamins and minerals. There's a great myth out there one frequently promoted by conventionally trained medical doctors that says you get all the nutrition you need from eating three balanced meals a day. But this is
  • 30. nothing more than a myth. "Three balanced meals a day" is meaningless because a lot of people think that one breakfast at Denny's, lunch at McDonald's and dinner at home with macaroni and cheese is "balanced". And that's absurd. It is neither balanced nor a meal. It's simply junk food that promotes chronic disease and obesity. But even if you went to the grocery store for fruits and vegetables and ate them three times a day, you still wouldn't be getting adequate nutrition (see related eBook on nutrition). To figure this out for yourself, just do the math. Add up the U.S. RDA numbers on the labels of all the foods you consume, and you'll find out that if you're going to meet the minimum requirements set by the U.S. government for preventing chronic disease, you're going to have to eat, on average, 10,000 calories a day of grocery store foods. That's 500% more food than an individual needs if they're a healthy adult of average weight. It's impossible to eat that much, even if you try hard. Morgan Spurlock, the creator of the "Supersize Me" documentary, ate nothing but McDonald's food for 30 days. He stuffed himself with McDonald's food three times a day and still only managed to eat about 5,000 calories. You would have to double Spurlock's incredible feat to eat 10,000 calories a day. And only then would you be meeting the minimum requirements for nutrition. And yet, those minimum requirements aren't enough to experience optimum health; all they do is prevent the most obvious nutritional deficiency diseases such as beriberi, scurvy or even rickets. If you want to get optimum health, you've got to supplement your diet through nutritional supplements, or by consuming super foods like chlorella or spirulina, sprouts, berries and products like The Ultimate Meal or Berry Green. This is the only way you can get adequate nutrition. As we're now realizing with this study, a huge segment of our childhood population clearly is not getting this nutrition. As a result, we are raising yet another generation of children with behavioral disorders, aggression and problems with the law. Essentially, we are raising tomorrow's criminals. These are the people that will be put in federal prisons that you and I will have to pay for with our taxpayer dollars. We're going to have to support them, and it costs a lot of money to support prisoners. Not only do they not produce anything, they don't pay taxes or
  • 31. contribute to the revenue needed to support society. They actually suck away revenues from society by costing something like $60,000 per year per prisoner on average. They simply waste away without learning new skills that could help them assimilate back into society someday. Now think about it. We could spend a few dollars a month on our children, and give them nutritional supplements that prevent all of this. The choice is this: spend a few dollars a month on supplementing our kids' nutrition, or let this become a full-blown problem where we have to build more prisons and spend tens of thousands of dollars every year to support them in our federal prison system. Which choice makes more sense? If you were running the country and had to decide where to spend the money, where would it make more sense? Should you spend a couple of dollars a month on nutritional supplements for children and pregnant women, or should you spend $60,000 a year on each and every criminal that is created by nutritional deficiencies? Think about it. Right now in our country, we have a system that literally gives rise to a population of emotionally imbalanced, mentally deranged criminals. And they are that way because, in part, they don't have good nutrition. They simply don't get the vitamins and minerals that their nervous systems need to fully develop and function in a healthy way. So what's the solution here? It's easy. Nutritional supplements should be made available free of charge to the entire population. The government (the taxpayers, actually) should provide free vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients to the population, especially pregnant women and children, so that we can prevent birth defects and behavioral disorders early on. We would save countless dollars down the road. This is something I've supported for a long time and I will continue to promote. But of course, nothing is free. American taxpayers would be footing the bill, but it is a wise investment. By spending a few dollars on disease prevention today, we are avoiding the long-term expenditure of a lot more money taking care of a society full of criminals. Nutrition is a great investment, and preventing disease has a big payoff for society. I say we pay close attention to these studies and find ways to provide better nutrition to our children, our expectant
  • 32. mothers and our general population so that we can prevent these diseases before they become problems for society. Source: http://www.newstarget.com/006194.html Other References: Full report at American Journal of Psychiatry Nutrition Key to Aggressive Behavior (University of Southern California) Malnutrition in early years leads to low IQ and later antisocial behavior (Innovations Report) Appendix 2 The burden of disease among the global poor Davidson R Gwatkin MPA a , Michel Guillot MA b, Patrick Heuveline PhD c Summary Background Global and regional estimates show that noncommunicable diseases in old age are rising in importance relative to other causes of ill health as populations age, and as progress continues against communicable diseases among infants and children. However, these estimates, which cover population groups at all income levels, do not accurately reflect conditions that prevail among the poor. We estimated the burden of disease among the 20% of the global population living in countries with the lowest per capita incomes, compared with the 20% of the world's people living in the richest countries. Methods Estimates for the global poorest and richest 20% were prepared for 1990 for deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), by a procedure used in a prominent recent study of the global disease burden. Projected mortality rates in the year 2020 were established for the world's poorest and richest 20% under various assumptions about the future rate of decline in communicable and noncommunicable diseases.
  • 33. Findings In 1990, communicable diseases caused 59% of death and disability among the world's poorest 20%. Among the world's richest 20%, on the other hand, noncommunicable diseases caused 85% of death and disability. A raised baseline rate of communicable disease decline between 1990 and 2020 would increase life-expectancy among the world's poorest 20% around ten times as much as it would the richest 20% (4·1 vs. 0·4 years). However, the poorest 20% would gain only around a quarter to a third as much as the richest 20% from a similar increase in non-communicable diseases (1·4 vs. 5·3 years). As a result, a faster decline in communicable diseases would decrease the poor-rich gap in 2020, but under an accelerated rate of overall decline in non-communicable diseases, the poor-rich gap would widen. Interpretation Our estimates are crude, but despite their limitations, they give a more accurate picture of changes in attributable mortality among the world's poor than do the global averages in current use.
  • 34. Nutritional Survey Tool 1. What is your age 1. 18-21 2. 22-30 3. 31-40 4. 50+ 2. How do you view your present health status? 1. Never Sick 2. Often sick (colds. asthma, etc.) 3. Always sick (chronic illness, AIDS, COPD, Heart Disease) 3. How is your present Diet?
  • 35. 1. Vegetarian 2. Meat eater (red) beef with vegetables 3. Meat eater without red meat (beef) with vegetables 4. Meat eater no vegetable or very little 4. What is present income status? Remember this is a survey that determines what income status is the most affected by the economy. 1. unemployed 2. 5,000 - 15,000 yearly 3. 16,000 - 25,000 yearly 4. 30,000 - 40,000 Yearly 5. 41,000 + 5. Do you feel that government assistance (food stamps, AFDC, etc.) are helping those that are affected by the economy? 1. Yes 2. No 6. How do you feel about organic foods? 1. The food is safer 2. It is much more expensive 3. It doesn’t matter food is food.
  • 36. 7. How do you judge your food supply? 1. Are you a research consumer 2. Do you check for the daily specials and search for better deals 3. Just get what you need regardless of the price. 8. How do you view hunger in the world? 1. It is not a big problem 2. Its only homeless people affected by hunger. 3. Everybody is affected including the rich 4. It doesn’t bother me I can’t do anything about it