1. Mod 1
Your License to Drive
Organ & Tissue Donation
Right of Way Concepts
Railroad Safety
Signs, Signals & Pavement Marks

2. Identification/SS#/Proof of Residence/Legal
Presence
License Applicants Less than
19 Years Old must provide:
•proof of identification
•need one document from primary list
•proof of social security number
Social security card
W2 form
Income tax form
Military ID
•proof of residence
**(parents may verify residence)
•proof of legal presence

3. Types of Virginia LicensesTypes of Virginia Licenses
• Be at least 15 years and six months old.
• Complete a DL1M learner’s permit and
driver’s license application form.
• Furnish proof of
•identification;
•social security number;
•residency; and
•legal presence.
• Pass
•a signs test (100%);
•a general knowledge test (80%); and
•a vision test.
• Have a digitized photo taken at DMV.
Requirements for aRequirements for a Learner’s PermitLearner’s Permit
*Note - If you are under 18
& FAIL any part of the test
you must wait 15 days to
retake

4. Learner’s Permit Driving
Learner permit driver’s may
practice with a Licensed
driver at least 21 years
old
OR
With an immediate family
member who is at least
18 & has a valid driver’s
license
AND, you may only have 1
Non-family passenger

5. Requirements for aRequirements for a Driver’s LicenseDriver’s License
Virginia LicensesVirginia Licenses
T – 1.4c
• must be at least 16 years and three months old;
• hold a learner’s permit for at least nine months; and
• successfully complete a driver education program
Note: the 180-day provisional license (PDL-180)
issued by your in-car driver education teacher is a
valid driver’s license when accompanied by a valid
Virginia learner’s permit.
(Applicants less than 19 years old)
Additional Requirements for Applicants less than 18
•must have parent/guardian permission, and
•have your parents certify that you have driven a motor
vehicle for 45 hours, at least 15 of which were after sunset
**Curfew for under 18 is midnight to 4 AM

6. • Learner’s PermitLearner’s Permit
• Driver’s LicenseDriver’s License
• Motorcycle LicenseMotorcycle License
• Commercial Driver’sCommercial Driver’s
License (CDL)License (CDL)
Virginia LicensesVirginia Licenses
Virginia Driver's License
for persons 21 years of
age and older
Virginia Driver's
License for persons
under 21 years of age
T – 1.4
Horizonal
Vertical
Organ donation is denoted
on the driver’s license as a
red heart followed by “Organ
Donor” in black

7. License RenewalLicense Renewal
Renewing your licenseRenewing your license
T – 1.8
Your license expires on yourYour license expires on your
birthdaybirthday in ages divisible by 5.in ages divisible by 5.
11stst
license is valid for 3-7 years.license is valid for 3-7 years.
The cost per year for a licenseThe cost per year for a license
is...is...
You can renew on-line onceYou can renew on-line once
every 10 years.every 10 years.

8. Licensing RestrictionsLicensing Restrictions
Restrictions
Removing Restrictions
Endorsements
Classes
T – 1.7
Eye Glasses or
Contact Lenses
Daylight Driving Only
Hearing Aids
Automatic Transmission
Automatic Light and High/
Low Beam Switch
Hand Controls
Left Accelerator Pedal
School Bus
Motorcycle
Dangerous Cargo

9. Suspensions/RevocationsSuspensions/Revocations
•SuspensionSuspension
•Your privilege to drive has been withdrawn temporarily.Your privilege to drive has been withdrawn temporarily.
•Judge may grant restricted driving privileges toJudge may grant restricted driving privileges to
and from work, school, or VASAP class.and from work, school, or VASAP class.
•RevocationRevocation
•Your privilege to drive has been terminated.Your privilege to drive has been terminated.
•Must reapply for a driver’s license after revocationMust reapply for a driver’s license after revocation
period has passed.period has passed.
•Administrative License Suspension (ALS)Administrative License Suspension (ALS)
If your are under age 21 and you register a BAC of 0.02 toIf your are under age 21 and you register a BAC of 0.02 to
0.08, (over age 21, if you register a BAC 0.08 or higher) or0.08, (over age 21, if you register a BAC 0.08 or higher) or
refuse to take the breath test, your driver’s license will berefuse to take the breath test, your driver’s license will be
suspended for seven days immediately after arrest.suspended for seven days immediately after arrest.

10. Implied Consent vs. Zero Tolerance
• Implied Consent Law – Yes, you will take
a breath test if asked by law enforcement.
Or if you blow over the legal limit – your
license will be suspended for 7 days.
• Zero Tolerance Law – Driver’s under
21legal limit is .02 BAC. If at or over that
limit, they will be charged with a DUI.

11. 5 Reasons You Can Lose
License
1) DUI
2) Teens BAC .02
3) Pump & Run gas
4) Drag racing
5) Demerit points
6) Make a false statement

12. Types of Virginia LicensesTypes of Virginia Licenses
To Obtain a Motorcycle-Only Driver’s License
You must pass the:
•driver’s license two-part knowledge test;
•motorcycle knowledge exam; and
•motorcycle road skills test.
•You must also have a motorcycle learner’s permit for a minimum of 30 days.
Motorcycle License – Driver’s license w/ class M
If less than 19 years old, you must also complete a driver education
program and have a motorcycle learner’s permit for a minimum of 9
months.
T – 1.4e

13. Commercial Driver’s License (CDL)Commercial Driver’s License (CDL)
A commercial driver’s license allows you to operate tractor-A commercial driver’s license allows you to operate tractor-
trailers, passenger buses, tank vehicles, school buses fortrailers, passenger buses, tank vehicles, school buses for
16 or more occupants, or vehicles carrying hazardous16 or more occupants, or vehicles carrying hazardous
materials.materials.
Types of Virginia LicensesTypes of Virginia Licenses
T – 1.4d

14. Proof of Financial ResponsibilityProof of Financial Responsibility
Liability Insurance – minimum amount isLiability Insurance – minimum amount is
$25,000/50,000/20,000$25,000/50,000/20,000
$500 Uninsured motorist fee – provides$500 Uninsured motorist fee – provides
NONO insurance coverageinsurance coverage
Financial ResponsibilityFinancial Responsibility

15. Specialty InformationSpecialty Information
Organ Tissue Donation
Transplantation – Taking cells from one person and putting
them in another
One tissue donor can affect more than 200 people

16. Obstacles to open discussion about donations:Obstacles to open discussion about donations:
 There are still a lot of misconceptions about organ donation.There are still a lot of misconceptions about organ donation.
 People prefer not to talk about their mortality.People prefer not to talk about their mortality.
Special note:Special note:
A signed donor card is not enough.A signed donor card is not enough.
Family consent is also required.Family consent is also required.
Specialty InformationSpecialty Information

17. Specialty InformationSpecialty Information
Organ Tissue DonationOrgan Tissue Donation
(( THE GIFT OF LIFETHE GIFT OF LIFE ))
Scientific, surgical and medical advancements
have made it possible to transplant many human
organs and tissues with great success!
Medical technology allows transplantation of:
STATISTICSSTATISTICS
• More than 10,000 kidneys are
transplanted each year, yet over 23,000
people need transplants
• More than 2,000 hearts are transplanted
each year, yet over 2,800 people
continue to wait
• More than 3,000 livers are transplanted
annually, yet over 2,600 people are on
the waiting list
• More than 500 lungs are transplanted
each year, yet over 1,000 people are on
the waiting list for a transplant
• More than 500 pancreas transplants are
performed annually, yet over 100 people
are waiting for a transplant
 skin,
 cornea,
 bone,
 bone marrow,
 blood,
 kidney,
 heart,
 lung,
 pancreas,
 liver,
 small bowel, and
 heart valve.
*60,000 currently waiting

18. What is brain dead?
• The complete and
irreversible cessation
of all the fx’s of the
brain & brain stem
• People referred to as
a “vegetable”
• Life support, feeding
tubes and NO brain
activity

19. Right–of–Way ConceptsRight–of–Way Concepts
• Right-of-WayRight-of-Way isis not a right or privilege –not a right or privilege – it must beit must be
given!given!
• Determined by a set of rules.Determined by a set of rules.
• Drivers must understand right-of-way rules governing:Drivers must understand right-of-way rules governing:
•Intersections;Intersections;
•Merges; andMerges; and
•Special conditions.Special conditions.

20. Right–of–Way Concepts:Right–of–Way Concepts: IntersectionsIntersections
Left Turns Private road, alley or driveway
Vehicles turning left
must yield to oncoming
traffic – unless there is
a lead green arrow.
Vehicles entering a roadway
from a private road, alley or
driveway shall stop and yield
right-of-way to traffic on the
roadway.

21. Expressways/Multi-Lane RoadwaysExpressways/Multi-Lane Roadways
YIELD
Right
of
Way
Entering a controlled-access highwayEntering a controlled-access highway
Yield the right-of-way to vehicles already on the
expressway.
Leaving a controlled-access highwayLeaving a controlled-access highway
• Vehicles entering the expressway shall yield to
vehicles exiting the expressway.
• If you miss the exit, do not stop and/or back up on
the expressway. Continue driving to the next exit.
Driving on multiple-lane roadwaysDriving on multiple-lane roadways
The vehicle entering the lane of traffic from a lane to
the right shall yield right-of-way to the vehicle entering
the same lane of traffic from a lane to the left.
*See Module 6 for detailed information on limited access
roadways.

22. Right–of–Way Concepts:Right–of–Way Concepts: ControlledControlled IntersectionsIntersections
Controlled Intersections:Controlled Intersections:
• Signs and/or signalsSigns and/or signals
determine who should yielddetermine who should yield
regulate the flow of traffic and pedestriansregulate the flow of traffic and pedestrians

23. Right–of–Way Concepts:Right–of–Way Concepts: Emergency VehiclesEmergency Vehicles
YieldYield the Right-of-Waythe Right-of-Way toto
Emergency VehiclesEmergency Vehicles
Vehicles must yield the right-of-way to
police, fire, and rescue vehicles using a
siren and/or flashing lights.
 Pull over to the right edge of the road and stop until the emergency
vehicle has passed.
 If traffic is congested and prevents moving to the right edge of the
road, adjust lane position and leave a clear path for the emergency
vehicle to pass.
 On an undivided highway, all traffic must pull over to the edge of the
road and allow the emergency vehicle to pass.
 Move over law – if you officer has someone pulled, get over!

24. Highway/rail crashes
Whose fault?
• Driver error
• Trains can’t easily
stop
• Although in the U.S.
we have about 500
crashes a year

25. When do you have to stop at
tracks?
 Train there or coming
 Gate is down
 Lights flashing
 Vehicle in front of you stops (school bus)
 Can’t pass within 100 ft of a RR crossing

26. What if you stall on the tracks?
No train – push car
over the tracks, in the
flow of traffic
If you can see a train-
run diagonally away
but towards the train
If you can see a train
it cannot stop in time

27. Signs – Railroads
 Railroad crossing ahead – Look & listen for a
train. Lower radio, crack the window
 Crossbuck = Yield sign
 If there is more than track, it will be listed on the
crossbuck

28. Trains move fast
• Difficult to judge a trains speed
• Train moving 50 MPH will take 1 ½
miles to stop
• 1 Mile = 5,280 FT

29. Safety Tips at the Railroad Tracks
1. Never stop
2. Never change gears
3. Never cross unless you can get all the
way across
4. If gate lowers while you are crossing –
keep going
5. Be extra careful at night

30. Signs —Signs — ShapesShapes Have MeaningHave Meaning
OctagonOctagon —Stop signs
RectangleRectangle — Regulatory or Guide
•Vertical signs indicate the law
TriangleTriangle —Yield signs
DiamondDiamond — Warning
PentagonPentagon — School and School Crossings
PennantPennant — Advance warning of No Passing Zones
T – 1.25
Topic 4 Lesson 1
•Horizontal signs give directions or information.
Round - advance warning of
railroad crossing
Crossbuck – railroad crossing
(same as a yield sign)

31. Signs —Signs — CCoolloorrss Have MeaningHave Meaning
RedRed — prohibitive or stop
GreenGreen — guide information, such as direction or guidance signs
BlueBlue — motorist services signs
YellowYellow —general warning
WhiteWhite — regulatory signs
OrangeOrange — construction and maintenance work
BrownBrown —recreational and cultural interest
Fluorescent Optic YellowFluorescent Optic Yellow —school zones, school crossings and
pedestrian crossings

32. SignalsSignals
o Steady lights
o Flashing lights
o Signal/Sign combinations
•Signals by traffic lights indicate the following:
•Steady red – moving traffic shall stop and remain stopped as long as the signal is red, except
for traffic moving in the direction indicated by a green arrow.
•Green – the traffic shall move in the direction of the signal but should yield to other vehicles
and pedestrians in the intersection.
•Steady Yellow –Steady Yellow – a change is about to occur in the direction of the moving traffic.
•Flashing red – traffic shall stop before entering the intersection.
Virginia Law: § 46.2-833 — Traffic lights

33. Guide SignsGuide Signs
Information SignsInformation Signs Regulatory SignsRegulatory Signs
SignsSigns
Warning SignsWarning Signs
Give advance warning of hazards to allow
drivers time to safely minimize risks.
GUIDE drivers to their destination by identifying
routes well in advance.
INFORM drivers of motorist services and
recreational facilities.
REGULATE the speed and movement of traffic.

34. Multi-Lane
Two-Lane Rural
Pavement MarkingsPavement Markings
Shared Left
Turn Lane
stop lines
cross walks
ONE Way TWO Way

35. Pavement Markings —Pavement Markings — WhiteWhite LinesLines
White lines separate lanes of traffic going in the same direction.
Broken White LinesBroken White Lines
Solid White LinesSolid White Lines
• Solid white lines designate turn lanes and prevent lane
changes near intersections.
• Arrows indicate which turns may be made from the lane.
- A curved arrow and the word ONLY indicate you must
turn in the direction of the arrow; and
- both a curved and straight arrow indicate you may
either turn or go straight.
• Stop lines, crosswalks and parking spaces also are marked by
white lines.
• Solid white lines mark the right edge of pavement.
Traffic Flow
Traffic Flow
• Drivers may cross with caution.

36. Pavement Markings —Pavement Markings — YellowYellow LinesLines
Solid YellowSolid Yellow center lines indicate two-way traffic
with no passing allowed. ALWAYS KEEP TO THE
RIGHT of the line.
Traffic Flow
Traffic Flow
Broken YellowYellow Center Line
Broken YellowYellow Line alongside a Solid YellowYellow Line
White arrows show direction of traffic flow.
• Passing is permitted on the side
with the broken line.
• Passing is NOT permitted on the
side with the solid line.
• Passing on the left is permitted in either direction.
• Pass only when the way ahead is clear because you will be entering a lane with oncoming
traffic.

37. TurningTurning
Left TurnLeft Turn
Vehicle Signal —— move the signal lever all the way down.
Hand Signal —— extend your left hand and arm straight out
of the driver’s side window.
Right TurnRight Turn
Vehicle Signal —— move the signal lever all the way up.
Hand Signal —— extend your left arm out the driver’s side
window and bend it at the elbow so that your left hand
points upward at a 90 degree angle.
When you make a turn you must signal your intentions, whetherWhen you make a turn you must signal your intentions, whether
using hand or vehicle signals, 100 feet or 4 seconds before turning.using hand or vehicle signals, 100 feet or 4 seconds before turning.
For more information on turning, see Module 4 Topic 3

38. 5 Places Passing is NOT permitted
1. Solid lines
2. Yellow lines
3. Hills
4. Curves
5. Railroad tracks
6. Intersections

39. Type of Highway or zone Limit
Interstate highways in designated rural areas 65 MPH
Interstate highways in areas not designated as rural 55 MPH
Limited access and non-limited access highways 55 MPH
Secondary routes which include all public roads and streets
not designated as part of the interstate or primary system
55 MPH
School, business and residential zones 25 MPH
You are required to travel 25 MPH in a school zone only when indicated by a sign or signal.
Otherwise, maintain the posted speed.
Maximum speed limit for passenger vehicles and motorcycles
(unless otherwise posted)
Speed LimitsSpeed Limits
• Urban AreasUrban Areas
• Rural InterstateRural Interstate
• Urban InterstateUrban Interstate
• School ZonesSchool Zones

40. You are EnteringYou are Entering aa Work ZoneWork Zone
REMEMBER TO USEREMEMBER TO USE
• Common SenseCommon Sense
• CautionCaution
• ConcentrationConcentration

41. Areas of Work ZonesAreas of Work Zones
Work AreaWork Area
TerminationTermination
AreaArea
Signs are placed to
indicate changing
conditions ahead.
Road markings show
traffic detours and
provide directions for
required maneuvers.
Allows you
to become
accustomed
to the new
traffic
pattern
before
entering the
actual work
area.
BufferBuffer
AreaArea
Maintenance
or
construction
work is
underway.
Signs
indicate you
are leaving
the work zone
and
can resume
normal
driving.
Advance Warning AreaAdvance Warning Area Transition AreaTransition Area

42. Worker’s PerspectiveWorker’s Perspective
Motorists speeding in a work zone represent a dangerousMotorists speeding in a work zone represent a dangerous
threat to the road workers’ safety.threat to the road workers’ safety.