Ip, the internet & its impact on the maritime industry paul jolley-v1-2012
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Ip, the internet & its impact on the maritime industry paul jolley-v1-2012
- 1. An overview of: IP, the Internet and its impact on the Maritime industry Paul Jolley pajolley@gmail.com +44 (0) 7879 624040
- 2. Agenda Development of IP & the Internet TCP/IP - The most common Internet Protocol suite Maritime Satellite Communications – Dealing with TCP/IP Onboard ship – Applications being enabled by IP Summary Glossary of terms used A drop in the Ocean – To find our more....
- 3. Development of IP & the Internet • All due to a single satellite – Sputnik • IP suite followed quickly to allow computers to communicate • The internet is simply a Network “A global network of networks” • Internet and www. are not the same thing • There are many Applications on the Internet: – e-mail, chat, FTP, VoIP, www..... • IP binds them all
- 4. Why is IP Needed • Protocols govern how data is sent, transmitted and received, e.g. – Understand didn’t have other us difficult if it would be quite rules each these for to we – It would be quite difficult for us to understand each other if we didn’t have rules • The postal service for a Network and therefore the Internet • A unique address for every Computer on the Internet: 192.32.67.136 • Not one Government or Corporate body owns, maintains or governs the Internet • The Internet is therefore comprised of many diverse components from a multitude of suppliers configured and connected in diverse ways
- 5. TCP/IP A perfect partnership? • Packet switched Vs Circuit switched transport mechanisms • TCP is an Transport Protocol that governs the flow of data across an unregulated and assumed congested network • TCP includes Sequencing, a Receipt system and Error checks • Unfortunately those very advantages over pure IP impact upon efficient use of Maritime Communications
- 6. Maritime Satellite Communications Dealing with TCP/IP TCP Feature Consequence over Satellite Slow start ~ 1KB before first Severely hampers the inbuilt Acknowledgement (“ACK”) exponential ramp mechanism in TCP Receiver Host ACK for each TCP Absorbs scarce and valuable Packet bandwidth with data rather than information Send all since last ACK Wastes scarce & valuable bandwidth with data the majority of which may have already been received Window Size 64kB (524,288 Limits throughput to 374 kbps bits) is Maximum data between over a 1.4 second RTT latent ACK circuit Linear throughput increase after Takes a long time if ever to reach ACK failure maximum throughput
- 7. Maritime Satellite Communications (2) Dealing with TCP/IP Methods to deal with TCP over Satellite: •Acceleration •Modified error checking •Replication •Virtualisation •Caching •Alternate Protocols
- 8. Onboard Ship Applications reach out to sea BPM Social Media Onboard LAN Video Telemedicine Conferencing e-Learning e-Navigation SCADA GSM
- 9. Summary The Tide has turned • Vessel can become a true extension of the Office • IP Satellite not Bandwidth / Throughput has been the real ”game changer” for the industry • IPv6 will be the next major influencer as we move from the age of data to the age of things – e.g. Onboard M2M – a ”Smartship” Thank you.........Q&C?
- 10. Glossary IP Internet Protocol TCP Transmission Control Protocol HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol WWW World Wide Web FTP File Transfer Protocol VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency ARPANET The first four computers connected by ARPA
- 11. A drop in the Ocean To find our more................ • http://www.warriorsofthe.net/ • http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/tech • http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet/basics/internet-start1.htm • http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet/basics/internet.htm • http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet/basics/internet-infrastructure.htm • http://computer.howstuffworks.com/router8.htm • http://computer.howstuffworks.com/question5251.htm • http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet/basics/internet-infrastructure10.htm • http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet/basics/question5493.htm • http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet/basics/question5493.htm • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_Internet_access#Geostationary_unsuitable_for_low-latency_applications • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol • http://www.vsat-systems.com/Education/Satellite-Internet-Explained/Performance/Protocols-and-applications/ • http://www.wtec.org/loyola/satcom2/04_05.htm • http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios-xml/ios/interface/configuration/15-2mt/ir-rt-bsd-sat.html#GUID-E5C0854C- 1BC8-4798-97A3-020F1FD1782F • http://irfansalam.wordpress.com/2012/05/09/tcpip-factors-over-a-satellite-vsat-connection/
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Thank you for reviewing this presentation.I realise that you are all busy people so I’ll endeavour to make this 15 minute presentation on IP, the internet and its impact on the Maritime Industry a useful investment of your time.For those of you who have not met me my brief background is 13 years at sea (8 deep sea / 5 offshore) followed by Maritime Sales & Business Development roles dealing with equipment, software and services.As a consequence of my extensive experience and commercial skills I am engaged by Maritime, Marine and Offshore companies on an interim basis to develop sales, investigate business opportunities, launch new products, deliver training or provide strategic advice for the wet sector.If you have any commercial requirements please don’t hesitate to get in touch.
- OK so the topics I’ll be covering are: [DISCUSS]Summary and my ideas of what perhaps will be coming next to our industry.There are technical abbreviations used in this presentation so I’ve included a glossary to explain those.Also as this is summary presentation, for those of you inspired to find out more, I’ve included web references for further information.
- The Birth of the internet can be directly attributable to the birth of the Satellite industry, via Sputnik 1. This event took place in the midst of the cold war, and in response the Americans formed ARPA with a special focus on Computer Sciences and within a Decade they had designed the first Network.The development of IP is closely linked to the development of the internet. Indeed it was the whole reason for its creation in 1974 as a means to enable Networked computers using different Operating systems exchange data without crashing.Therefore the internet is simply a Network – “A Global Network of Networks”IP is the common transport mechanism recognised by all systems and components within that Network.Since most of our interactions with the Internet are via the WWW “web” the two terms have become interchangeable.However to properly understand the Internet and IP it is important to break this idea in your mind as the Web is just one Application just like e-mail, FTP, VoIP and many others that utilise IP to transport data across the Internet.[ANALOGY] The analogy I like to use is that the internet is like the worlds oceans. On those oceans ships are navigating from Port to Port delivering cargoes. IP Packets are like those ships navigating the worlds internet delivering data cargoes to computer ports with unique IP addresses as their Lat & Long’
- [DISCUSS]
- Protocols are not the preserve of technology. They have been used since the dawn of societies.For example Grammar is a Protocol that determines the order of words and the way sentences are constructed. As the example in red type demonstrates:It would be quite difficult for us to understand each other if we didn’t have rulesIP is both the Postal service and the Postman. It first defines the unique address for every host of information on the internet and then ensures that the information is transported in an efficient manner.Since the internet is not owned, governed or operated by any entity the ability for information to travel freely relies on all the systems in the Network recognising and understanding a common Protocol.IP like Grammar serves that purpose. Without it the Internet simply would not function.
- The explosion of Web traffic from the start of this century has fostered the adoption of IP for both LAN and WAN communicationUp to the same time frame Satellite Wide Area Communications were based on Circuit Switched architecture requiring an End to End circuit to be established to exchange voice or data which was expensive.IP is a transport mechanism with a unique addressing system.TCP is a Transport Protocol associated with IP that regulates the flow of IP Packets between Computers by the addition of Sequencing , Receipts and Error Checks[ADD TCP TO MY ANOLOGY] Returning to my earlier analogy I like to consider TCP as equivalent to a Fleet Operations Director. The Fleet Director monitors the status of the fleet, the safe arrival of ships into port and timely delivery of cargoes on behalf of charterers. TCP equally monitors the status of IP Packets, the safe arrival at a receiving computer port and timely delivery of data cargoes on behalf of Applications.So TCP/IP allows Packet Switched Communication architecture, safe in the knowledge that data will reach its destination even if by varying routes and repeated attempts.Therefore as the Internet forms part of the link the cost to provide the communication link is significantly reduced. THIS HAS BEEN A MAJOR BREAKTHROUGH FOR MARITIME SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONSHowever some features of TCP do have to be modified for use over Satellite.
- IP is a BEST EFFORT Protocol. It provides the mechanism but it does not Guarantee delivery.TCP however does guarantee delivery and guarantees that the receiving computer will be able to put the data packets back into their original sequence.To do this it employs features the logic behind them all being that the Network is dynamic and inherently congested. As we know Maritime Satellite enabled networks are inherently Latent typically 1-1.4 seconds. Unfortunately TCP interprets this latency as network congestion which unchecked , would have serious implications for using TCP/IP over satellite.Considering the TCP features listed:SLOW START: An average 1 second between acknowledgements significantly hampers throughput growth, especially on Maritime communication sessions which are generally short.Receiver Acknowledgements: Absorbs valuable bandwidth with administration rather than information bearing data.Send all since last Acknowledgement: Again uses valuable bandwidth re-transmitting data the majority if not all of which has been received but the acknowledgment is late due to latencyWindow size: A feature of the IP packet construct this equally limits effective throughput. If unchecked this would be a sever limiting factor for the new high throughput KA band services.Linear throughput increase post failure: On typically short Maritime sessions the link would never recover to its full potential
- One relatively simple method to deal with the features of TCP discussed is to fool (“Spoof”) it into believing that data packets have been received successfully, this is called Acceleration.The acknowledgements for the outbound packets are given locally onboard and for inbound at the Earth station. This effectively removes the satellite induced latency and reduces the overall latency to that found in a typical Wide area network.The other methods listed, except the last, assume TCP remains but aim to reduce the overall amount of data exchanged ship/shore/ship.Replacing TCP as the transport protocol is not an option for many Applications but VoIP for example works fine over satellite using the UDP Protocol.
- IP is a Network layer Protocol that can be used across all forms of Network architecture and componentsWhen Maritime Communications were circuit switched, onboard systems were Analogue, Hard wired, not inter-connected and bore no resemblance to onshore networks or Applications.The dawn of IP based satellite communications has caused IP systems and networks to be installed on new ships and be considered for the retrofit market.Consequently standard shoreside Applications can be deployed offshore AND IP data can be transferred seamlessly ship/shore/ship.Applications shown on the slide are just a snapshot of the numerous and diverse Applications that could or are being deployed.The benchmark being that if the Application can be found ashore then it can be deployed offshore and at sea provided there is a market or viable need for it.
- In summary the impact of IP on the Maritime industry is becoming enormous.Vessels become floating remote offices connected on a Corporate WAN which has always been the utopia for owners and operators.IP satellite rather than Bandwidth or Throughput improvements has been the major reason for the changes being witnessed as standard IP Applications can be deployed offshore rather than bespoke “workarounds” that bear no relationship to onshore systems.Now IPv6 has been launched I foresee the ability for onboard components to have their own IP address and be communicating status messages to shore side monitoring systems Machine2Machine without any interaction from onboard staff. Surely that would be the true age of the “smart ship”?Thank you again for viewing and listening to this presentation. I welcome any comments, questions or suggestions for other ITC topics that relate to the Maritime, Marine or Offshore sectors.