The document discusses the classification and properties of matter. It defines pure substances as elements and compounds, which have a fixed composition, while mixtures can have varying compositions. Mixtures are classified as homogeneous if the parts are evenly distributed or heterogeneous if they are noticeably separated. The document also examines physical properties like density, hardness, and melting point. It reviews separation methods like filtration and distillation, and defines chemical properties like reactivity and flammability.

2. Properties of Matter

3. Properties of Matter
Classifying Matter
and
Physical Properties

4. Matter

5. Matter

6. Matter
Pure Substances

7. Matter
Pure Substances

8. Matter
Pure Substances Mixtures

9. Matter
Pure Substances Mixtures

10. Matter
Pure Substances Mixtures
Elements

11. Matter
Pure Substances Mixtures
Elements

12. Matter
Pure Substances Mixtures
Elements Compounds

13. Matter
Pure Substances Mixtures
Elements Compounds

14. Matter
Pure Substances Mixtures
Elements Compounds Heterogenous

15. Matter
Pure Substances Mixtures
Elements Compounds Heterogenous

16. Matter
Pure Substances Mixtures
Elements Compounds Heterogenous Homogenous

17. Pure substances have a fixed uniform
composition

18. Elements have a fixed composition
because it contains one type of atom.

19. Compounds always contain two or more
elements joined in a fixed proportion
water

20. The properties of mixtures can vary
because the composition is not fixed
Mixtures can be classified by how
well the parts of the mixture are
distributed throughout the
mixture.

21. Heterogenous Mixtures
The parts of the mixture are noticeably different from one another.
Homogenous Mixtures
Substances are so evenly distributed that it is difficult to
distinguish one substance in the mixture from another

22. What type of mixture??

23. What type of mixture??
Homogenous

24. What type of mixture??
Homogenous
Heterogenous

25. What type of mixture??
Homogenous
Heterogenous Heterogenous

26. What type of mixture??
Homogenous
Heterogenous Heterogenous
Heterogenous

27. What type of mixture??
Homogenous
Heterogenous Heterogenous
Homogenous
Heterogenous

28. What type of mixture??
Homogenous
Heterogenous Heterogenous
Homogenous
Homogenous
Heterogenous

29. Mixtures can be classifed as a solution, a suspension or a
colloid based upon the size of its largest particle.
Solution Suspension Colloids
• Light passes through • Heterogeneous mixture • Particles intermediate in size
• Particles to small to settle out • Scatters light, cloudy • Do not seperate into layers
• Particles cannot be filtered • Particles can be filtered • Cannot use a filter to seperate
parts

30. Physical
Properties

31. conductivity
Physical
Properties

32. conductivity
area
Physical
Properties

33. conductivity
area
Physical
Properties
temperature

34. conductivity
elasticity
area
Physical
Properties
temperature

35. conductivity
elasticity
area
Physical density
Properties
temperature

36. conductivity
elasticity
area
Physical density
Properties
temperature
hardness

37. conductivity
elasticity
area
Physical density
Properties
temperature
hardness
melting point

38. conductivity volume
elasticity
area
Physical density
Properties
temperature
hardness
melting point

39. conductivity volume
elasticity
area
Physical density
Properties
temperature
hardness
melting point
strength

40. Why do we need to know the physical
properties of materials?

41. Why do we need to know the physical
properties of materials?
What kind of material
are you?

42. Why do we need to know the physical
properties of materials?
What kind of material What can I use you for?
are you?

43. Why do we need to know the physical
properties of materials?
What kind of material What can I use you for? Can you separate?
are you?

44. Difference between
Separation Method What it separates
objects
Solids or group of
Filtration solids and liquid in a Size of particles
mixture
Boiling and melting
Distillitation Liquids in a solution
points

45. Separation Methods
Difference between
Separation Method What it separates
objects
Solids or group of
Filtration solids and liquid in a Size of particles
mixture
Boiling and melting
Distillitation Liquids in a solution
points

47. Separation by Filtration
Can you imagine the
In filtration: insoluable solid (trapped in filter) = residue implications of an industrial
fluids (passes through filter) = filtrate filter that could be used in
a process for more than 70
years without being
replaced?
Filtration with a piece of filter paper
The typical kidney filters approximately 180 liters of plasma per
day and each of the 3 liters of plasma gets filtered about 60 times.
To replace this much water you would have to drink a 12 oz. soft
drink every 3 minutes of the day;fortunately 99% of the filtrate
gets reabsorbed, leaving 1.5-2 liters of urine per day. This is an
incredible amount of filtration that is performed very day.

49. Separation by Distillation
Distillation uses heat to purify or separate
mixtures containing one or more liquids. As a
mixture is heated, the liquid with the lowest
boiling point will boil and turn to vapor leaving
behind any solid material or other liquids.
When fruit and plant materials ferment, a dilute
version of ethyl alcohol is produced. Distilling the
fermented material purifies and concentrates the
ethanol. A variety of other components, such as
water, esters and other types of alcohol, are also
collected during the distillation process, which
One of the earliest uses of distilling was to make perfume, accounts for the unique flavor of each alcoholic
which began around 3500 B.C. The aroma from various plants spirit.
and herbs is contained in what are known as essential oils, which
can be extracted through distillation. However, many aromatic
plants tend to decompose at high temperatures so separation by The vapor is captured and cooled
normal distillation isn't practical. In those instances, steam is until it condenses, resulting in a
passed through the plant material to draw out the essential oils
without burning the mixture. The steam is then captured and purified version of the liquid
condensed just as in normal distillation.

50. Chemical Properties
Any of a material’s properties that
becomes evident during a chemical
reaction.
Evidence that a chemical change has occurred:
• change in color
• production of a gas
• formation of a precipitate

51. How easily something will burn or
ignite, causing fire or combustion
Degrees of Flammability
• Materials that will not burn.
• Materials that must be pre-heated
before they will ignite.
• Materials that must be moderately heated
before they will ignite.
• Liquids and solids that can ignite under all
temperature conditions.
• Materials which will rapidly vaporize at
atmospheric pressure and normal temperature.

52. Flammability How easily something will burn or
ignite, causing fire or combustion
Degrees of Flammability
• Materials that will not burn.
• Materials that must be pre-heated
before they will ignite.
• Materials that must be moderately heated
before they will ignite.
• Liquids and solids that can ignite under all
temperature conditions.
• Materials which will rapidly vaporize at
atmospheric pressure and normal temperature.

53. The property that describes how readily
Reactivity a substance combines chemically with
other substances
When oxygen reacts with
iron and water, rust forms
Oxygen is a highly
reactive element

54. Review Questions
1. Why can the properties of a mixture vary?
2. What processes are used to separate mixtures?
3. What are some examples of physical properties?
4. What is the difference between a physical and
chemical change?
5. What are common types of evidence for a chemical
change?