Learn to love networking on iOS

Paolo Tagliani § Learn to love networking on iOS
Learn to love
networking on iOS

Learn to love networking on iOS
#pragma me
• Paolo Tagliani (@PablosProject)

• iOS Developer @Superpartes Innovation Campus

• Founder of #pragma mark

• various stuff…

!
• @PablosProject

• http://www.pablosproject.com

• https://www.facebook.com/paolo.tagliani

• https://github.com/pablosproject

• More…

What you need to know
HTTP Basics

HTTP Basics
HTTPVerbs

• GET

• POST

• PUT

• DELETE

• HEAD

• …
HTTP Response code

• 2xx (success)

• 4xx (client error)

• 5xx (server error)

• 1xx (informational)

• 3xx (redirection)

HTTP Basics
http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol

• Client-server

• Cachable

• Stateless

• Layered

• Client-server

• Cachable

• Stateless

• Layered
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_state_transfer

Learn to love networking

Objective-C

iOS Bootcamp

Networking in cocoa
Foundation (NSURL* classes)
CFNetwork
BSD Socket

Networking in cocoa
CFNetwork
BSD Socket
https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/developers-handbook/
sockets.html

iOS Bootcamp
Networking in Cocoa: CFNetwork
CFNetwork
BSD Socket
CFNetwork is a low-level, high-performance framework that gives you
the ability to have detailed control over the protocol stack. It is an
extension to BSD sockets, the standard socket abstraction API that
provides objects to simplify tasks such as communicating with FTP and
HTTP servers or resolving DNS hosts. CFNetwork is based, both
physically and theoretically, on BSD sockets. (https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/
documentation/Networking/Conceptual/CFNetwork/Introduction/Introduction.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP30001132)
Deﬁnition

iOS Bootcamp
CFNetwork
BSD Socket
Deﬁnition

iOS Bootcamp
CFNetwork
BSD Socket • Only C code
Deﬁnition

iOS Bootcamp
CFNetwork
• Focused on network protocol (HTTP and
FTP)
Deﬁnition

iOS Bootcamp
CFNetwork
• Focused on network protocol (HTTP and
FTP)
• Abstractions : streams and socket
Deﬁnition

iOS Bootcamp
CFNetwork
BSD Socket
CFStringRef
url
=
CFSTR("http://www.apple.com");

!
CFURLRef
myURL
=
CFURLCreateWithString(kCFAllocatorDefault,
url,
NULL);

!
CFStringRef
requestMethod
=
CFSTR("GET");

!

!
CFHTTPMessageRef
myRequest
=
CFHTTPMessageCreateRequest(kCFAllocatorDefault,

!

requestMethod,
myUrl,
kCFHTTPVersion1_1);

!
CFHTTPMessageSetBody(myRequest,
bodyData);

!
CFHTTPMessageSetHeaderFieldValue(myRequest,
headerField,
value);

!

!
CFReadStreamRef
myReadStream
=

CFReadStreamCreateForHTTPRequest(kCFAllocatorDefault,
myRequest);

!

!
CFReadStreamOpen(myReadStream);

Example: communicate with HTTP server

iOS Bootcamp
CFNetwork
BSD Socket
Example: communicate with HTTP server
//Setting
the
client
for
the
stream

Boolean
CFReadStreamSetClient
(

CFReadStreamRef
stream,

CFOptionFlags
streamEvents,

CFReadStreamClientCallBack
clientCB,

CFStreamClientContext
*clientContext

);

!
//Callback
to
handle
stream
Events

!
void
myCallBack
(CFReadStreamRef
stream,
CFStreamEventType
event,
void
*myPtr)
{

switch(event)
{

case
kCFStreamEventHasBytesAvailable:

{…}

break;

case
kCFStreamEventErrorOccurred:

{…}

break;

case
kCFStreamEventEndEncountered:

{…}

break;

}

}

iOS Bootcamp
CFNetwork
BSD Socket
Summary

iOS Bootcamp
CFNetwork
BSD Socket
• CFNetwork is a low-level C API that
provides abstractions over BSD sockets
Summary

iOS Bootcamp
CFNetwork
BSD Socket
• Provide high ﬂexibility
Summary

iOS Bootcamp
CFNetwork
BSD Socket
• Provide high ﬂexibility
• As you write your code, it is
recommended that you prefer the use of
higher-level frameworks over lower-level
frameworks whenever possible.
Summary

Networking in cocoa : Foundation
CFNetwork
BSD Socket
URL loading system

CFNetwork
BSD Socket • Set of API written in Objective-C
URL loading system

CFNetwork
• High level abstraction for interaction with
URL resources
URL loading system

CFNetwork
URL resources
• At the heart of this technology is the
NSURL class, which lets your app
manipulate URLs and the resources they
refer to.
URL loading system

CFNetwork

URL resources

• At the heart of this technology is the
NSURL class, which lets your app
manipulate URLs and the resources they
refer to.

• Together these classes (NSURL*) are
referred to as the URL loading system.
URL loading system

NSURLConnection or NSURLSession?
CFNetwork
BSD Socket

NSURLConnectionFoundation (NSURL* classes)
CFNetwork
BSD Socket

CFNetwork
BSD Socket • Use 2 different support classes:
NSURLRequest and NSURLResponse.

CFNetwork
• Most of the setup is made on
NSURLRequest. It manages:

CFNetwork
• The request URL

CFNetwork
• The request URL
• Cache policy

CFNetwork
• The request URL
• Cache policy
• HTTP Parameters and header ﬁels

CFNetwork
• The request URL
• Cache policy
• Timeout

CFNetwork
• The request URL
• Cache policy
• Timeout
• NSURLResponse manage the response
information (ex. HTTP status code)

CFNetwork
BSD Socket
• Most ﬂexible method for retrieving
content of URL.

CFNetwork
BSD Socket
content of URL.
• Use three different ways for retrieving the
content:

CFNetwork
BSD Socket
content of URL.
content:
• Synchronous call

CFNetwork
BSD Socket
content of URL.
content:
• Asynchronous with delegate

CFNetwork
BSD Socket
content of URL.
content:
• Asynchronous with delegate
• Asynchronous with block

CFNetwork
BSD Socket
Synchronous connection
//
Create
the
request.

NSURLRequest
*theRequest=[NSURLRequest
requestWithURL:[NSURL

URLWithString:@"http://www.apple.com/"]

cachePolicy:NSURLRequestUseProtocolCachePolicy

timeoutInterval:60.0];

!
//Create
a
response
for
the
request

NSURLResponse
*response;

!
NSError
*error;

!
//Send
the
request

[NSURLConnection
sendSynchronousRequest:request

returningResponse:&response
error:&error];

CFNetwork
BSD Socket
Asynchronous connection with delegate: create the request
// Create the request.
NSURLRequest *theRequest=[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL
URLWithString:@"http://www.apple.com/"]
// Create the NSMutableData to hold the received data.
// receivedData is an instance variable declared elsewhere.
receivedData = [NSMutableData dataWithCapacity: 0];
// create the connection with the request
// and start loading the data
NSURLConnection *theConnection=[[NSURLConnection alloc]
initWithRequest:theRequest delegate:self];

CFNetwork
BSD Socket
Asynchronous connection with delegate: handle request event
!
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response
{
// This method is called when the server has determined that it
// has enough information to create the NSURLResponse object.
[receivedData setLength:0];
}
...
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data
{
// Append the new data to receivedData.
[receivedData appendData:data];
}
...
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection
didFailWithError:(NSError *)error
{
//Clean all variables
theConnection = nil;
receivedData = nil;
// inform the user
NSLog(@"Connection failed! Error - %@ %@",
[error localizedDescription],
[[error userInfo] objectForKey:NSURLErrorFailingURLStringErrorKey]);
}

CFNetwork
BSD Socket

CFNetwork
BSD Socket
NSURLConnectionDelegate

(https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/Foundation/Reference/NSURLConnectionDelegate_Protocol/Reference/
Reference.html)

!
!
NSURLConnectionDataDelegate

(https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/DOCUMENTATION/Foundation/Reference/NSURLConnectionDataDelegate_protocol/
Reference/Reference.html#//apple_ref/occ/intf/NSURLConnectionDataDelegate)

!
NSURLConnectionDownloadDelegate

(https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/DOCUMENTATION/Foundation/Reference/NSURLConnectionDownloadDelegate_Protocol/
NSURLConnectionDownloadDelegate/NSURLConnectionDownloadDelegate.html#//apple_ref/occ/intf/
NSURLConnectionDownloadDelegate)

CFNetwork
BSD Socket
Asynchronous connection with completion block
NSURLRequest *theRequest=[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.apple.com/"]
//Init an operation queue on which run the completion handler
NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];
[NSURLConnection sendAsynchronousRequest:request
queue:queue
completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, NSData *data, NSError *connectionError) {
//Handle error or return data
}]

CFNetwork
BSD Socket
Asynchronous connection with completion block
NSURLRequest *theRequest=[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.apple.com/"]
//Init an operation queue on which run the completion handler
NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];
[NSURLConnection sendAsynchronousRequest:request
queue:queue
completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, NSData *data, NSError *connectionError) {
//Handle error or return data
}]
Only for iOS 5.0+

Difﬁcult to handle authentication

Less ﬂexibility

NSURLSessionFoundation (NSURL* classes)
CFNetwork
BSD Socket

CFNetwork
BSD Socket
• The NSURLSession class and related classes
provide an API for downloading content via HTTP.

CFNetwork
BSD Socket
• Work transparently with delegate and with
completion callbacks (blocks).

CFNetwork
BSD Socket
• The NSURLSession API provides status and
progress properties.

CFNetwork
BSD Socket
• The NSURLSession API provides status and
progress properties.
• It supports canceling, restarting (resuming), and
suspending tasks, and it provides the ability to
resume suspended, canceled, or failed downloads.

NSURLSession: types of sessionsFoundation (NSURL* classes)
CFNetwork
BSD Socket

CFNetwork
BSD Socket
• Default sessions use a persistent disk-based
cache and store credentials in the user’s
keychain.

CFNetwork
BSD Socket
keychain.
• Ephemeral sessions do not store any data to
disk; all caches, credential stores, and so on are
kept in RAM and tied to the session.

CFNetwork
BSD Socket
keychain.
• Ephemeral sessions do not store any data to
disk; all caches, credential stores, and so on are
kept in RAM and tied to the session.
• Background sessions are similar to default
sessions, except that a separate process handles
all data transfers.

NSURLSession: taskFoundation (NSURL* classes)
CFNetwork
BSD Socket

CFNetwork
BSD Socket • Each session is composed by a number of task.
A task is a simple HTTP network operation.

CFNetwork
• Different types of task:

CFNetwork
• Data tasks send and receive data using NSData objects.
Data tasks are intended for short, often interactive
requests from your app to a server.

CFNetwork
• Download tasks retrieve data in the form of a ﬁle, and
support background downloads while the app is not
running.

CFNetwork



• Download tasks retrieve data in the form of a ﬁle, and
support background downloads while the app is not
running.

• Upload tasks send data (usually in the form of a ﬁle),
and support background uploads while the app is not
running.

CFNetwork
BSD Socket
http://www.raywenderlich.com/51127/nsurlsession-tutorial

Why use NSURLSessionFoundation (NSURL* classes)
CFNetwork
BSD Socket

CFNetwork
BSD Socket • Background task: using this API the app creates
automatically for you a daemon (on OSX) and wake up
your app several time (on iOS) to complete
background transfers.

CFNetwork
• Encapsulate network logic: each session manage its
task.You can suspend, resume, and control progress of
every task of the session.

CFNetwork
• Easy configuration: with NSURLSessionConfiguration:
configure once and share configuration for all task.

CFNetwork
• Easy configuration: with NSURLSessionConfiguration:
configure once and share configuration for all task.
• Uploads and downloads through the file system:
This encourages the separation of the data (file
contents) from the metadata (the URL and settings).

SummaryFoundation (NSURL* classes)
CFNetwork
BSD Socket

CFNetwork
BSD Socket
You can do anything

CFNetwork
BSD Socket
You can do anything
BUT

CFNetwork
BSD Socket
You can do anything
BUT
•Build a network stack for your
application can be difﬁcult.

CFNetwork
BSD Socket
You can do anything
BUT
•Build a network stack for your
application can be difﬁcult.
•There’s no a drop-in solution (i.e.
reinvent the wheel every time)

AFNetworking

AFNetworking
•11.00+ stars

•3.000+ forks

•1.500+ commits

•1300+ closed issues

•130 contributors

AFNetworking
@mattt
(Alamo Fire = AF*)

AFNetworking
AFNetworking 2.0
•iOS 6+ & Mac OS X 10.8+

•Xcode 5

•NSURLSession & NSURLConnection

•Serialization Modules

•UIKit Extensions

• Real-time

AFNetworking
Structure
AFURLSessionTask
Download Upload Data
AFURLSessionManager
AFHTTPSessionManager
NSURLConnection
AFURLConnectionOperation
AFHTTPRequestOperation
AFHTTPRequestOperationManager

AFNetworking
GET a resource
AFHTTPRequestOperationManager
- (AFHTTPRequestOperation *)GET:(NSString *)URLString
parameters:(NSDictionary *)parameters
success:(void ( ^ ) ( AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation , id responseObject ))success
failure:(void ( ^ ) ( AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation , NSError *error ))failure;

AFNetworking
GET a resource
- (NSURLSessionDataTask *)GET:(NSString *)URLString
parameters:(NSDictionary *)parameters
success:(void ( ^ ) ( NSURLSessionDataTask *task , id responseObject ))success
failure:(void ( ^ ) ( NSURLSessionDataTask *task , NSError *error ))failure
AFHTTPSessionManager

AFNetworking
Serialization
Request serializer Response serializer
•HTTP

•JSON

•Property List
•HTTP

•JSON

•XML parser

•XML document (OSX)

•Property List

•Image

AFNetworking
Serializer extension
•MsgPack

•CSV / TSV

•vCard

•vCal

•WebP

AFNetworking
Reachability
•Monitor reachability on:

•IP addresses

•URL

•Domain

•Support different type of connection

•3G

•Wiﬁ

AFNetworking
UIKit extension
UIActivityIndicatorView
UIProgressView

AFNetworking
UIKit extension
UIRefreshControl
UIWebView

AFNetworking
UIKit extension
UIButton
UIImageView
Auto download

Caching

Operation management

AFNetworking
UIKit extension

AFNetworking
UIKit extension
[imageview setImgeWithURL:HearthImageURL]

AFNetworking
Summary

AFNetworking
Summary
•AFNetworking is powerful

AFNetworking
Summary
•Lots of the common task already covered

AFNetworking
Summary
•Drag’n drop solution

AFNetworking
Summary
•Drag’n drop solution
DEMO TIME

Tools
Charles web debugging proxy

Tools
Postman REST client

Tools
JSON Accelerator

Tools
Cocoapods

References
• Apple documentation
• CFNetwork Programming guide

• URL Loading System Programming guide

!
• Ray Wanderlich
• AFNetworking 2.0 Tutorial

• NSURLSession Tutorial

References
• WWDC Video
• WWDC 2013 Session 705 “What’s New in Foundation Networking”

!
• NSScreencast
• Episode #91: AFNetworking2.0

• Episode #81: Networking in iOS 7

!
• NSHipster (@mattt)
• AFNetworking 2.0

• AFNetworking: the Deﬁnitive Guide (TBA)

iOS Bootcamp
@PablosProject http://pragmamark.org/

Learn to love networking on iOS

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