By: Dr, Pamela Fabie

1. By: Dr. Pamela Josefina T. Fabie

2.  Soft tissue covering the cranial vault
 It is hair bearing area of the skull
 Extends from supra orbital margin
anteriorly to external occipital
protuberance & superior nuchal line
posteriorly
 On each side to superior temporal line

3. S- Skin
C- connective tissue (superficial fascia)
A- Aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica)
L- Loose areolar tissue
P- Pericranium

5. Skin
A layer of thin skin containing numerous hair
follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands covers
the scalp.
Connective tissue
A thick, dense, subcutaneous connective tissue is
anchored firmly to the skin above and the
membranous layer below. Fibrous and dense
containing blood vessels and nerves

6. Aponeurosis
Is formed by the gales aponeurotica.
Loose Connective Tissue
Allows freedom of movement of the superficial
three layers over the top of the skull
Periocranium
The periosteum of the skull. Firmly anchored to the
underlying bone.

7. LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
 Called dangerous layer of scalp-emissary veins open here
and carry any infections inside the brain (venous sinus)
 Bleeding lead to black eye
 Caput succedaneum in new born
PERICRANIUM
 Injury deep to it take the shape of bone called
cephalhaematoma

9. a. EYES
b. NOSE
c. EARS

10. The Face
Boundaries:
1. Superior -
Hairline
2. Inferior-
Lower border
of the andible

11. Regions of the Face
1. Forehead
2. Temporal
3. Orbital
4. External
nose
5. Zygomatic
6. Oral
7. Cheeks
8. Mental
9. External
ear

13. Eyelids (Palpebrae)
- Form a curtain for the ocular globe or the eyeball.
External features:
1. Palpebral fissure - transverse elliptical opening between
the upper and lower eyelid.
2. Palpebral commissure (canthus( - the lateral and medial
junctions of the upper and lower eyelids.
3. Superior palpebral margins - covers the superior 1/5 of
the iris when the lids are open.

14. External features:
4. Inferior palpebral margins - cuts across the lower border of
the iris when the lids are open.
5. Cilia or eyelashes - project from the palpebral margins
intwo or three irregular rows.
6. Plica semilunaris - a cresent fold at the medial angle of the
eye that separates the white of the eye from the medial,
reddish-colored lacrimal lake.

15. External features:
7. Lacrimal lake - small, raised, triangular are
bordered by the plica semilunaris; a raised,
reddish area within the lake is the caruncle.
8. Superior and inferior papillae - are small, raised
bumps at the junction of the ciliated hairless
margins of the lids; at the apex of which is the
lacrimal punctum.
9. Conjuctivum - mucous membrane inner lining of
the lid.

17. Root
Tip Dorsum
Ala
Columna Anterior naris
(nostril)

18. External Nose:
-The framework is composed of the nasal bones,
septal cartilage, lateral cartilages, and alar cartilages.
-Skin of the nose is continues beyond the external
nares into the vestibule of the nose, with nasal hairs to
filter larger particles of dusts in the air.

21. External Ear
- Contains a single elastic cartilage which provides
support to the external ear.
- Skin is tightly bound to the cartilage with no
intervening subcutaneous layer.
- Skin and cartilage is thrown into several folds.

22. A. ORBITAL CAVITY
B. NASAL CAVITY

23. Bones involved:
1. Maxilla
2. Zygomatic Bone
3. Sphenoid Bone
4. Frontal Bone
5. Palatine Bone
6. Ethmoid Bone
7. Lacrimal Bone.

24. Roof
- orbital plate of the
frontal bone
- lesser wings of
sphenoid.

25. Lateral wall
- Zygomatic process
of the frontal bone
- Orbital plate of the zygomatic bone
- Orbital plate of the greater wings of
sphenoid

26. Medial wall
- Frontal process of
the maxilla
- Lacrimal bone
- Orbital plate of ethmoid bone
- Body of sphenoid

27. Floor
- Orbital plate of the maxilla
- Orbital plate of the zygomatic bone
- Orbital process of
the palatine bone

28. Base
 Superiorly – frontal bone
 Medially - frontal process
of the maxilla
 Laterally - frontal process
of the zygomatic bone
 Inferiorly - Maxilla medially
- zygomatic bone
laterally

29. Apex
- Formed by the
convergence of the
four walls

30. Bones involved:
1. Nasal Bone
2. Frontal Bone
3. Ethmoid Bone
4. Sphenoid Bone
5. Vomer
6. Maxilla
7. Palatine Bone
8. Lacrimal Bone
9. Inferior nasal Concha

31. Anterior
– pyriform aperture
Posterior
- Pharynx through the posterior nares

32. Superior Wall:
1. Anterior
– nasal bone
-nasal process of the frontal bone
2. Middle
- cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
3. Posterior
- body of the sphenoid

33. Median Wall:
- Perpendicular plate
of ethmoid
- Vomer.

34. Inferior Wall:
- Palatine process
of the maxilla
- Horizontal plate
of palatine bone

35. Lateral Wall:
a. Superior and middle conchae of the
ethmoid bone
b. Inferior nasal conchae