CompTIA exam study guide presentations by instructor Brian Ferrill, PACE-IT (Progressive, Accelerated Certifications for Employment in Information Technology) "Funded by the Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, Grant #TC-23745-12-60-A-53" Learn more about the PACE-IT Online program: www.edcc.edu/pace-it

1. Introduction to
routing concepts I.

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Instructor, PACE-IT Program – Edmonds Community College
Areas of Expertise Industry Certifications
 PC Hardware
 Network Administration
 IT Project Management
 Network Design
 User Training
 IT Troubleshooting
Qualifications Summary
Education
 M.B.A., IT Management, Western Governor’s University
 B.S., IT Security, Western Governor’s University
Entrepreneur, executive leader, and proven manger
with 10+ years of experience turning complex issues
into efficient and effective solutions.
Strengths include developing and mentoring diverse
workforces, improving processes, analyzing
business needs and creating the solutions
required— with a focus on technology.

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– The purpose of routing.
– Basic routing concepts.
PACE-IT.

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Introduction to routing concepts I.

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In a nutshell, the purpose of
routing is to connect different
networks together to allow
them to communicate and
pass data traffic.
Most often, routing protocols are how networks
determine where to send network traffic (the routes
they will take). They build maps (actually routing
tables) that they use for directing network traffic.
Routing is what makes this interconnected world
function as well as it does. Networking would be
pure chaos without it.
Introduction to routing.

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Introduction to routing concepts I.

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– Static routing.
» Uses administrator defined routes.
» Each router must contain the route.
• A static route from A to B requires that B has a static route
to A.
» Easy to set up (in a small network).
• Not so easy to maintain.
» Routes only change when the administrator changes them.
– Dynamic routing.
» Routers use protocols in order to determine the best route
between two networks.
» Administrator determines which protocols will be in use.
» The routers must all use the same protocols.
• An exception is when route redistribution has been
implemented.
» Routing protocols can be stacked within a router.
» Is very fluid and dynamic in nature and is what makes
possible today’s interconnected world.
Introduction to routing concepts.

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– The default route.
» The direction that a router will send network traffic when there
is no known route in the routing table.
• It is assigned by an administrator.
• It is usually a designated interface on the router or it is the
designated next hop interface.
– The routing table.
» A list of known routes to all known networks from the router’s
perspective.
• It is established by an administrator when static routing is
used.
• It is dynamically built by routing protocols when dynamic
routing is employed.
» Each routing protocol maintains a routing table.
• Different routing protocols may have different routes to the
same network.
Introduction to routing concepts.

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– Loopback interface.
» An administratively configured logical number assigned to a
router to ease administrative functions or routing processes.
• Often, the loopback interface is assigned in an IPv4 address
format.
• Many routing protocols have been designed to take the
loopback interface into account when performing administrative
functions.
» The interface may be completely logical, or a physical interface
may be assigned to be the loopback interface.
– Routing loops.
» A possible problem that can be created if interconnected routers
have a breakdown in their routing algorithms.
• When a routing loop occurs, the network keeps looping through
the routers until some system or mechanism breaks the cycle.
• They can create network congestion or even bring down a
network.
» Routing protocols use multiple methods to prevent loops from
occurring.
• The time to live (TTL) field is also utilized to stop routing loops
after they have occurred.
Introduction to routing concepts.

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Introduction to routing concepts I.
The purpose of routing is to connect different networks together logically for
communications purposes and to allow for network data traffic to reach
remote networks. Most often, routing protocols are used to build dynamic
routes between networks.
Topic
The purpose of routing.
Summary
Static routing involves administratively configured routes between
networks—the administrator must manually make any changes. Dynamic
routing involves protocol configured routes between networks—the
protocols determine when and how to make routing changes. A default
route is the interface or next hop that a router sends a network packet to
when no known route exists. The routing table is the administratively
configured or protocol configured table of routes to all known networks. A
loopback interface is a logically assigned interface used to ease the
administrative management of a router. A routing loop is a possible problem
between interconnected routers where network traffic keeps circling until
some system or mechanism breaks the cycle.
Basic routing concepts.

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THANK YOU!

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or ownership. Funded by the Department of Labor, Employment and Training
Administration, Grant #TC-23745-12-60-A-53.
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