2. History of tobacco
1880‟s cigarette rolling machine invented
which cut cigarette manufacturing costs in
half
The easy availability of cheap, packaged
cigarettes and safety matches made it
easier and more attractive to smoke.
WWI & WWII cigarettes distributed to
troops for comfort with most men coming
home from the war regular smokers
2
4. Tobacco use & health:
the facts
Largest single cause of preventable death and
disease in Australia
Responsible for almost 90% drug related
deaths per year
50% of smokers who smoke for a long time
will die prematurely from tobacco related
diseases
4
9. Benefits of Quitting...
Benefit of Quitting on the body
20 minutes Blood pressure drops to normal
Pulse rate drops to normal
Temperature of hands and feet increase to normal
8 hours Carbon monoxide level in blood returns to normal
Oxygen level in blood returns to normal
24 hours The immediate risk of heart attack starts to fall
48 hours Nerve endings start to regrow
Ability to taste and smell enhanced
14 days Circulation improves
Lung function increases up to 30%
3 months Lung function improves
Cough disappears
5 years Risk of lung cancer decreases by half
Stroke risk same as non smoker
Risk of mouth, throat and oesophagus cancer half that of a smoker
10 years Lung cancer death rate same as non smoker
Pre-cancerous cells replaced
9
13. Uptake of smoking
Family members who smoke
Peer pressure, Rebellion and media
Role models
Availability/Legal drug
Benefits
13
14. Why young people smoke?
Physical influence-Smoking
Physical dependence to nicotine
Behavioural links - habit
Psychological & emotional dependence - Feelings and emotions
Individual influences Environmental influences
beliefs about smoking parents & siblings
self-esteem peers
rebellion media
curiosity availability
smoke-free or smoking areas
14
15. Females & Males –
Motivations and concerns
Females –
-difficulty, negative emotion and weight control concerns
-concerns about negative effects on their external appearance
Males –
-smoke for stimulation and in pleasure situations
-fitness and sporting ability concerns
15
16. Why people keep smoking –The 3 aspects
Addiction/Dependence
Nicotine is the drug that causes the dependence
Behaviour
Emotions, Pleasure, and Social pressure
Habit
Social factors and Daily activities
16
17. Nicotine Levels in a Smoker
50
40
Plasma
nicotine 30
ng/ml
20
10
0
Time (hours) 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
Cigarette smoked
ource: MAH Russell et al, BMJ, 1, pp. 1043-46, 1976. 17
18. How many people smoke
in Australia?
Less than 20%
of people in Australia over the age of 14
smoke every day
18
24. The tobacco industry needs
young people!
“The ability to attract new smokers and develop them into a young
adult franchise is key to brand development.”
-Philip Morris, Five-Year Trends 1988-1992
“It is important to know as much as possible about teenage smoking
patterns and attitudes. Today‟s teenager is tomorrow‟s potential
regular customer…”
-Philip Morris, Market Research Report
24
30. Some things have changed!
Clipsal 500 „2009‟
Legislation changes have made temporary cigarette
stalls less inviting to young people.
30
31. Legislation update
The Government amended existing regulations to ban smoking:
-under covered public transport and taxi waiting areas
-within 10 metres of playgrounds and
-Allow councils and other bodies to apply to have their outdoor area or event
declared smoke-free
Cigarettes are no longer displayed in shops and service stations
Ambition is for 100 percent smoke-free outdoor eating and drinking in SA to be
achieved by 2016
Tobacco Control in SA site: www.tobaccolaws.sa.gov.au
31
32. How can we reduce the number of
people who smoke?
Helping people quit and Media
Smoke-free places and Laws
Selling to young people
Taxation and pricing
Research and evaluation
Prevention
32
33. Strategies required
Mass media campaigns
Quitting programs
Smoke-free places
Legislation
Increase price of
cigarettes
Prevention programs
33
35. Encourages primary and secondary students to watch, critique and
discuss 12 anti-tobacco commercials
Students vote on which commercial would prevent them from taking up
smoking or encourage them to quit
Runs during Term 2 and 3 of every year
35
36. Tobacco the Truth
is Out There
Prevention activities for middle school students:
Who smokes? Why people choose to smoke, How to say no!
Long and short term effects of smoking
Passive smoking
Global perspective, Laws, policies and rules about
smoking, The politics of tobacco, Quitting
(Download from www.OxyGen.org.au)
36
37. ‘Smoke-free education and
child care’ guidelines
For use in schools and early childhood centers:
Using a health promoting school approach
Endorsed by the three education sectors
37
38. DECD Whole School
Drug Strategy
www.decd.sa.gov.au/drugstrategy
Intervention Matters
Keeping in touch
Teacher support packages for drug
education R-12
Teacher support packages for
students with disabilities
*Download from the website*
38
39. Harm Reduction
Issue of young people smoking as primarily a health and safety
issue
Particular focus on the prevention of smoking behaviour in young
people
Harm reduction approach
39
40. The Harm Reduction Approach
The Harm Reduction approach
For young people who smoke experimentally or occasionally:
- quit, reduce or prevent progression to smoking more
For young people who smoke regularly:
- quit, cut down or not smoke at school
Support others to quit or cut down
Actions that have the lowest levels of harm are to not smoke, to
quit and to avoid environmental tobacco smoke
40
41. The Harm reduction approach.....
Recognises:
Cigarette smoking has a number of perceived benefits for young
people
There is a continuum of consequences from smoking
Achieved by:
Promoting quitting, cutting down or managing smoking
at school or work
Promoting parent/carer – child communication
41
42. Addressing youth smoking
Requires you to not make judgments about their smoking
Important to focus on what young people do rather than
who they are („young people who smoke‟ not „smokers‟)
Use professional judgment to choose most appropriate
intervention strategy for each situation
42
43. WHAT IF… A young person asks
you about your tobacco use?
If a young person asks you whether you use tobacco or
have used tobacco in the past, be honest
If you have never been a tobacco user…
If you have been a tobacco user…
43
44. Suggested comments
“I wish I had the opportunity to talk about smoking like this
when I was young”
“I wish I had stopped smoking when I was young”
“Quitting is easier the sooner the person who smokes tries to do
it (i.e., the earlier the better)”
44
46. QUITLINE
Telephone service – Ph 137 848 or
13QUIT
Ongoing counselling and support
Cost of a local call
Confidential
Counsellors available from
8:30am – 7.30pm weekdays
2 - 5pm Saturdays
46
47. Ways to help young people Quit
Attend a Quitskills training course. Information about the course can
be found at : http://www.quitsa.org.au/aspx/register_for_training.aspx
Get your student to visit www.kickit.org.au
Refer them to the Quitline on 137 848
http://www.quitsa.org.au/aspx/quitline_referral.aspx
Help them register for Quit onQ –Free text messaging support service
http://quitonq.quitsa.org.au
Visit www.quitsa.org.au
Find us on Facebook
47
48. Ways to help
Parents/Guardians Quit
Research confirms that children whose parents smoke are more likely
to pick up the habit themselves
Refer them to the Quitline on 137 848
http://www.quitsa.org.au/aspx/quitline_referral.aspx
Help them register for Quit onQ –Free text messaging support service
http://quitonq.quitsa.org.au
Visit www.quitsa.org.au
Nicotine Replacement Therapy-Cheaper patches with a script from a GP
http://www.quit.org.au/media/article.aspx?ContentID=31_jan_201101
48
49. Contact details
Sally Martin
Education, Training and Web Project Officer
Ph: 08 8291 4143
Email: smartin@quitsa.org.au
Web: www.OxyGen.org.au
www.quitsa.org.au
www.kickit.org.au
https://www.facebook.com/#!/quitsa
https://twitter.com/#!/QuitSA1
www.youtube.com/quitsouthaustralia
49
Hinweis der Redaktion
Another way to look at this is that the number of deaths in Australia caused by tobacco smoking every week is the equivalent of 1 jumbo jet crashing every week!
Sometimes, the benefits of quitting are often not promoted enough and a lot of the time, people are unaware of not only how many benefits there are to quitting, but also how immediate these benefits take place. As you can see the benefits of quitting begin almost immediately after you take the last puff. 20 minutes after you have quit smoking, your blood pressure and pulse rate returns to normal as does the temperature of your hands and feet. After 2 weeks, your circulation improves and your lung function increases up to 30%. After 10 years of quitting, the death rate of lung cancer becomes the same as a non-smoker.
So how much does it actually cost to smoke???
So why do people start smoking? The image you see is of a 2 year old boy in Indonesia who is a chain smoker and smoked 40 cigarettes a day. Before we look into the reasons as to why people take up smoking click on the screen to watch the clip of this Indonesian toddler smoking.
We now know why people start smoking....but why do they KEEP smoking with most knowing how bad it is for them? The 3 aspects of smoking help explain this. Addiction, behaviour and habit are the 3 aspects as to why people keep smoking.-nicotine is the drug that causes the dependence -It reaches the brain in 7 seconds-produces chemical reactions in the body-smoking becomes associated with feeling goodWhen we look at the 2nd aspect of behaviour, Enjoyment, relaxation, stress management, concentration, weight control, time out etc Some of the most common reasons why people smoke are: Emotions: feeling stressed, upset, angry or frustrated Pleasure: to enjoy something even more or to reward yourself Social pressure: feeling part of the crowd Habits are hard to break as we know and there are many habits linked to smoking. Social factors and Daily activities,Feeling used to doing things while smoking. Changing habitual activity requires that the person wants to change, feels able to change at that time and has methods/support enabling that change to occur.
This graph represents the percentage of Australians who smoke as at 2007, which is the latest data we have. As you can see, back in 1945, close to 75% of Australian males smoked! This can be attributed to the period of the war. The rates declined significantly to just over 20%-a huge drop!
The Australian School Students Alcohol and Drug (ASSAD) Survey which was last conducted in 2008, shows the rate of smoking among 12-15 year olds as well as 16-17 year olds. You can see in 1984 20% of all 12-15 year olds and 30% of 16-17 year olds in Australia smoked. This figure declined over the years to reflect a significant drop whereby in 2008, only 5% of 12-15 year olds and 13% of 16-17 year olds smoked.
This graph explains the smoking trends by age groups. As you can see, the 20-29 and 40-49 age group have the highest smoking rates with the 30-39 year olds just below them but still equally as high.AIHW. 2007 National Drug Strategy Household Survey: First results. Canberra: AIHW; 2008. (Drug Statistics Series no 20
The following clip will give you an insight into the marketing techniques the tobacco industry use to target young people. Please click on the screen to watch the clip.