Rashad decided to research the psychological effects of bullying to raise awareness of the long-lasting impacts. His position is that bullying can cause stress and interfere with victims' ability to function. He discussed a book about the effects of bullying on school success and a website listing psychological effects as credible sources supporting his argument. Michelle researched cyberbullying and its effects, such as depression. Her sources included a government website on cyberbullying and a book by experts discussing its similarities to traditional bullying. Kayla's question was about long-term bullying effects. Her position is that bullying impacts job and academic success long after childhood. She discussed sources including a book citing bullying's learned nature and long-term effects, and a scholarly article

1. Bullying
Bobby Liggins,
Michelle Phillips
Rashad Abdul-Khaaliq
Kayla Ciliberto

2. Introducing: Bobby Liggins

3. Does Bullying Vary Between Genders
• Answer: How did you decide on that question
• I decided on this question because I thinks girls
are the root of all evil and they created bullying.
• What did you do to narrow/broaden your topic?
• I did extensive pre searching I looked through a
lot of library catalogs and databases.

4. Boys bully physically, girls bully
psychologically
How did you answer your research
What is your argument? question?
• My argument is that boys • I answered my research
bullying in a more physical question by finding
and animalistic way trying to information in books articles
be the alpha male. Girls try to and websites.
be the alpha female also but
they do it through mental and
psychological control or
bullying.

5. My Research
• The Article: Patterns of Adolescent Bullying &
Behaviors, back up my argument by giving statistics on
Verbal bullies which were led by Girls.
• The book: Gender and Education, also back up my
position on the attitudes of males and females wanting to
be the alpha Dog or Cat
• The website: http://suite101.com/article/the-
differences-between-male-and-female-bullying-a218187
Made my argument valid when explaining that male
bullies are physical and impulsive.
• Image:
Moviefan, Unknown.
Rebecca1917version. N.d. Public Domain,
Wikimedia Commons. Foter.com. Web. 5
Nov. 2012.

6. Evaluation process
• How did you decide that the three sources you
discussed were credible and relevant to your
project.
• The article and the book were both written by
professors and scholars from universities and
the website was done by a novelist with twenty
five years of experience.

7. Introducing Michelle Phillips

8. What is Cyberbullying and what are
the effects?
• This is a form of bullying
• It is a newer form of bullying because of
technological advances
• I narrowed the topic down from bullying in
general to virtual bullying

9. People feel more secure cyberbullying
than they do traditional bullying
• Cyberbullying is very similar to bullying in
general in the effects aspect, but the internet
supplies a certain security that real life bullying
doesn’t.

10. Website
• U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
"StopBullying.gov." What is Cyberbullying?. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Nov.
2012. <http://www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/what-is-
it/index.html>.
• “Cyberbullying can happen 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and reach
a kid even when he or she is alone. It can happen any time of the day
or night
• Cyberbullying messages and images can be posted anonymously and
distributed quickly to a very wide audience. It can be difficult and
sometimes impossible to trace the source
• Deleting inappropriate or harassing messages, texts, and pictures is
extremely difficult after they have been posted or sent.”
(stopbullying.gov)
• This is a scholarly website because it is a government website

11. Book
• Kowalski, Robin M., Sue Limber, and Patricia W.
Agatston. Cyber bullying: bullying in the digital
age. Malden, MA.: Blackwell Pub., 2008. Print.
• It is written by experts in the field
• “The internet is simply apart of life.”(2)
• “The effects of cyberbullying are very similar to
regular bullying such as depression, low self-
esteem, helplessness, social anxiety, reduced
concentration, alienation, and suicidal ideation.”
(86)

12. Article
• Snell, Patricia A., and Elizabeth K. Englander.
"Cyberbullying Victimization And Behaviors Among
Girls: Applying Research Findings In The Field." Journal
Of Social Sciences (15493652)6.4 (2010): 508-
512. Academic Search Complete. Web. 6 Nov. 2012.
• “One out of three teenagers who use the internet say
they have been targeted for cyberbullying online.” (508)
• “Cyberbullying is more common than traditional
bullying.” (508)
• The article is a scholarly article because it is from experts
in the field and is from a scholarly journal

13. Picture
Phillips, Michelle.
"Cyberbullying."
2012. JPG file.

14. Introducing: Rashad Abdul-Khaaliq

15. “The psychological effects of
bullying”
• How did you decide on that question and what did you
do to narrow/broaden your topic?
• I believe that this question was important in order to
understand the psychological problems that come from
bullying even after the bullying has stopped. Also to
show the different problems that affect the victim’s life
during the bullying process either at work, school, or
everyday life. I was able to narrow the question from
effects of bullying to psychological effects of bullying as I
believe this would be a more interesting topic as these
effects can be long lasting and can go unnoticed if a
cause such as bullying is unknown.

16. (What is your Position/Thesis?)
• What is your argument and how did you answer
your research question?
• My position is to bring awareness and explain the
psychological effects of bullying in order to allow
others to see problems that can come from it. With
awareness to it’s problems and how serious they can
be hopefully more people can take action and work
on solutions on reducing these acts in life. I am able
to answer this by showing the various effects that
come from bullying including an increase in overall
stress and in which ways those effects actually
interfere with the victim’s ability to function.

17. Research
• How do the books, articles and website (discuss
as least one of each, so at least three resources)
you found back up your position?
• Book - Failing Grades: This book speaks mainly
on the effects of bullying on a victim’s school
success.
• Website - www.bullyonline.org

18. Evaluation Process
• How did you decide that the three sources you
discussed were credible and relevant to your
project?
• All of the resources were relevant to the position
that was proposed more so then other’s that
dealt specifically with bullying and listed it’s
psychological effects. I also looked the sources
authority such as www.bullyonline.org which as
an information source is highly rated over other
website sources.

19. Introducing: Kayla Ciliberto

20. What are the Long-Term Effects of
Bullying?
• I decided on this question:
▫ Because I was curious about the topic
▫ I have an interest in self esteem.
▫ I broadened it from “How bullying effects self
esteem”

21. The effects of bullying last well
beyond childhood
• Carrying characteristics of being victimized can
hinder job market success.
• Being bullied in the past and effect how
academic environments are approached in the
future.

22. Book
• Kevorkian, Meline M., and Robin Antona. 101 facts
about bullying: what everyone should know.
Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Education, 2008.
Print.
• “Bullying is a learned behavior” (57)
• “Effective bullying prevention begins as proactive
programs that work toward establishing a
safe, friendly and caring social environment” (133)
• Meline M. Kevorkian and Robin Antona cite their
sources and case studies.

23. Website
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. "Effects of
Bullying." StopBullying.gov. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Nov. 2012.
<http://www.stopbullying.gov/at-risk/effects/index.html>.
The Bully The Victim
• Abuse alcohol and other drugs • Depression/ Sadness/
• Get into fights and drop out of Loneliness
school • Anxiety issues
• Criminal convictions • Changes in sleep/eating
• Abusive towards others patterns
• Loss of interest in activities
they used to enjoy
• Hindered social development
• Decrease in academic
achievement
Credibility:
It is a government website

24. Scholarly Article
• ADAMS, FRANK D., and GLORIA J. LAWRENCE.
"Bullying Victims: The Effects Last Into College."
American Secondary Education 40.1 (2011): 4-13.
Academic Search Complete. Web. 4 Oct. 2012.
• The data suggest that students who are bullied in high
school and/or junior high school continue to be
victimized (called names, excluded from class activities,
physically abused, etc.) in college.
• Can’t make friends
• Don’t know how to stand up for themselves when people
say hurtful things.
• Frank D. Adams and Gloria J. Lawrence are experts who
cite different case studies.

25. Image
• Ciliberto, Kayla. "Bullying." 2012. PNG file.