1. Waitiaidauujamu/waitiainiauranu/abriendopuertas/opening doors Basic Level English Course December 11th, 2010 Telling Stories (Part I) – Intro to Clauses

2. Lesson Objectives/Objetivos de la Lección To tell oral and written stories using clauses, the past forms, sequence adverbs, and other tenses learned Contarhistoriasorales y escritasusandocláusulas, lasformas del pasado, adverbios de secuencia y otrostiemposaprendidos

3. Please, Listen and Practice: Partial List of Irregular Verbs/ListaParcial de VerbosIrregulares (Base Forms/Present & Past Tense Forms REMINDER = RECORDATORIO

4. Time Expressions in the Past Tense yesterday = ayer last night = anoche last week = la semana pasada last Saturday = el Sábado pasado last year = el año pasado two days ago = hace dos dias two weeks ago = hace dos semanas two hours ago = hace dos horas two years ago = hace dos años

5. Tag Questions Used to verify information we think is true Used to check information we aren’t sure is true If the sentence is affirmative, the tag is negative: You love me,don’t you? If the sentence is negative, the tag is affirmative: She graduated from college,didn’t she? Use a comma (,) to separate the sentence from the tag Irregular tag question example: I am…,aren’t I? I am your best friend,aren’t I?

6. Tag Questions: Exercises Write the appropriate tag question sforeah sentence below:/Escriba el tag question correctoparacadaoración a continuación: He is, ________? He does, ________? Roger will, ________? He can’t, ________? Jessica did, ________? They were, ________? He was, ________? They weren’t, ________? I am, ________? I am not, ________?

7. Tag Questions: Answer Key Write the appropriate tag question sforeah sentence below:/Escriba el tag question correctoparacadaoración a continuación: He is, isn’t he? He does, doesn’t he? Roger will, won’t he? He can’t, can he? Jessica did, didn’t she? They were, weren’t they? He was, wasn’t he? They weren’t, were they? I am, aren’t I? I am not, am I?

8. Clauses: Grammar Basics Sentences (*) Have a subject and a predicate (*) Ideas that don’t usually have other subordinate ideas Simple Sentence: She came to his office. Compound Sentence: She came to his office,and they worked together. Clauses (*) Have a subject and a predicate (*) Ideas that usually have a subordinate idea Subordinate Clauses: Sentences that cannot stand alone Independent Clauses (Main Clauses): Simple sentences that can stand alone Example: When She came to his office, he left. Coordinating Conjunction: It’s a connector between two words or sentences. Examples: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. Subordinating Conjunction: Joins a subordinate clause to a main clause. Examples: after, as soon as, before, if, when, while. Use of Commas (,): Commas are used before the coordinating conjunctions. Commas are used after the subordinating conjunction when the subordinating conjunctionstarts the sentence. Example: When she came to his office, he left. Commas are not used when the subordinating conjunctiondoesn’t start the sentence. Example: He left when she came to his office.

9. Clauses: Grammar Basics (Tradución) Oraciones (*) Tienen un sujeto y un predicado (*) Ideas que no tienenotras ideas subordinadas Oración Simple: She came to his office. OraciónCompuesta: She came to his office,and they worked together. Cláusulas (*) Tienen un sujeto y un predicado (*) Ideas quetienenuna idea subordinada CláusulasSubordinadas: Oracionesque no puedenestarsolas CláusulasIndependientes (CláusulasPrincipales): Oracionesquepuedenestarsolas Ejemplo: When She came to his office, he left. Conjunción Coordinadora: Es un conector entre dos palabras u oraciones. Ejemplos: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. ConjunciónSubordinadora: Uneunacláusulasubordinada a unacláusula principal. Ejemplos: after, as soon as, before, if, when, while. Uso de Comas (,): Comas se usanantes de la conjunción coordinadora. Comas se usandespués de la conjunción coordinadoracuando la conjunción coordinadoraempieza la oración. Ejemplo: When she came to his office, he left. Comasno se usancuando la conjunción coordinadora no empieza la oración. Example: He left when she came to his office.

10. Past Continuous Subject + was/were + base form + ing The past continuous is used to describe an action that was in progress at a specific time in the past. The action began before the specific time and may or may not continue after the specific time. Examples: My wife and I were eating at 6:00 They were watching TV at 7:00 last night . Eating at 6:00 My wife and I were eating at 6:00 Past Present

11. Use the past progressive with the simple past tense to talk about an action that was interruptedby another action. Use when to introduce the simple past tense action, OR use while to introduce the past progressive action. Examples: I was taking a shower when the phone rang When she called, I was studying for my exam. While they were talking, someone interrupted them. Past Continuous (Past Progressive) with the Past Tense The phone rang Taking a shower I was taking a shower when the phone rang. Past Present

12. Use the past progressive with while (or When) to talk about two actions in progressat the same time in the past. Examples: While I was watching TV, my wife was talking on the phone. My wife was talking on the phone while I was watching TV. When they were talking, someone looking out the window. Past Continuous (Past Progressive) with While (or When) Wife talking on the phone Watching TV While I was watching TV, my wife was talking on the phone. Past Present

13. BE CAREFUL: Sentences with both (two) clauses in the simple past tensehave a very different meaning from sentences with one clause in the simple past tense and one clause in the past progressive. Examples: When the bell rang, I ate dinner. (First the bell rang; then I ate dinner) When the bell rang, I was eating dinner. (First I was eating dinner; then the bell rang). Past Continuous (Past Progressive) and the Past Tense When the bell rang, I ate dinner When the bell rang, I was eating dinner The bell rang Eating dinner I ate dinner The bell rang Past Present Past Present

14. Use the past progressive to focus on the DURATION of an action, not its completion. Example: Edilberto was reading a book last night. (We don’t know if he finished the book) Use the simple past tense to focus on COMPLETION of an action. Example: Edilberto read a book last night. (He probably finished it). Difference between the Past Continuous (Past Progressive) and the Simple Past Tense Edilberto was reading a book last night Edilberto read a book last night Was reading a book ? Read a book . ? Past Present Past Present

15. Subject + used to + BASE FORM Use USED TO + BASE FORM to talk about past facts that are no longer true. Use USED TO + BASE FORMparahablar de hechospasadosqueya no se encuentranvigentes. Examples/Ejemplos: When I was a child, I used to fear ghosts. I used to love Mickey Mouse as a child. I used to be the best student in my English class.

16. Narrating events in the past with sequence adverbs First, I woke up really early. Then, I looked next to me, and my wife was not there. Next, I got up to see if my wife was in the other room. She wasn’t there, so I called her cell phone. She never picked up the phone. After that, I was really worried. Later, she came back home an didn’t answer my questions. Finally, I decided to leave the house the next day.

18. Háblale a un amigo(a) y cuéntaleunahistoriaFred: Hey, let me tell you a story… Inspector Gadget: Is it an interesting story? Fred: Yeah, really interesting. Inspector Gadget: Go ahead. Fred: When I was at home last night, someone came in through the window. First, I was taking a shower. After that, I took a nap. When I was taking that nap, I heard my living room window. When I got up, the thief ran out of the door. As soon as he left, I called The cops. Inspector Gadget: That was an interesting story man. I am glad nothing happened to you. Fred: Thanks, and I told you it was interesting. Vocabulary: Go ahead = continua Through the window = por la ventana Took a nap = hizouna siesta Window = ventana Ran out of the door = corriópor la puerta As soon as… = En cuanto… I am glad = estoycontento Cops = Policias (coloquial)

20. Cuéntaleunahistoria a un amigo:You: Do you know about the chullachaqui? Your friend: (I) never heard of it. You: Okay. When I was a child, my father told me this story. First, he heard it, and later he says he experienced it…