25. Matching Equally Ranked Values Botswana Nigeria Tanzania Burundi Congo, DR Other countries 0.24 0.22 0.08 0.05 0.04 Botswana Tanzania Nigeria Burundi Congo, DR 0.24 0.22 0.08 0.05 0.04 % respondent participation in demonstrations, petitions, boycotts (WVS) Respondent has often attended meetings of a local development association (Afrobarometer)
We now provide some detail on the method of aggregation, the Matching Percentiles
In the first place, we compared the outcome of matching percentiles with the much more laborious imputation method This produced very similar results, which we show here for the Index Civic Activism, and other Indices had similar results
Secondly, factor analysis was deployed, to assess the appropriateness of the indices drawn a priori from the social development indicators database based on a purely statistical criterion Factor analysis reduces the number of variables on the basis of similarity. The factors extracted from the total set of social development indicators replicate to a remarkable degree the social development indices. In other words, our distinction between 5 indices is quite similar to the one that would result from a factor analysis in which all underlying indicators would be used: very similar indices would come out, here shown for civic activism
First, we can show trends over time, for example shown here for positive changes of gender equity in the Middle East
And similar for other indicators, such as infant mortality