LODAC(Linked Open Data Annual Conference) 2015 발표자료 입니다. LOD(Linked Open Data)와 관련된 권고안(recommendations)에 대한 설명과 함께 반드시 알아야 할 권고안들에 대해 설명하고 있습니다.

1. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology http://genfringe.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/image22.jpgLinked Data & Semantic Web Technology

2. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology http://cfile24.uf.tistory.com/image/274F0F4151CA334934964E

3. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
How tall are you?
5.4 ft What?
http://cdn-media-2.lifehack.org/wp-content/files/2012/12/improve-communications.jpg
for communication

4. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
LOD 표준은 왜 한가?
http://melissaagnes.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Important-Stamp.jpg
http://fadyart.com/en/images/stories/rdf.png
http://onlinehtmltools.com/images/html-decode.png
HTML Linked Data
a way that can be
read automatically
by computers
to create visible
and audible web
pages for human
<

5. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
어떤 표준들이 있나요?
Linked Data를
구축하고 활용하기 위해
기본적으로 지켜야 하는
W3C의 표준들
용어집과 같이
필수적으로 지켜야 하는
것들은 아니지만
활용성을 높이기 위해
지켜야 하는 표준들
강한 표준 약한 표준
http://cfile22.uf.tistory.com/image/27149F3451DF573C067D01
http://cfile24.uf.tistory.com/image/267DAE34521420D40281C0

6. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
W3C의 LOD 관련 표준
http://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/

7. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
Category Date Recommendation
RDF
2014-02-25 RDF Schema 1.1
2014-02-25 RDF 1.1 XML Syntax
2014-02-25 RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax
2014-02-25 RDF 1.1 Turtle
2014-02-25 RDF 1.1 N-Quads
2014-02-25 RDF 1.1 N-Triples
2014-02-25 RDF 1.1 Semantics
2014-02-25 RDF 1.1 TriG
2014-01-16 JSON-LD 1.0 Processing Algorithms and API
2014-01-16 JSON-LD 1.0
2013-10-29 Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) Version 2.0
2012-12-11 rdf:PlainLiteral: A Datatype for RDF Plain Literals (Second Edition)
2004-02-10 RDF Semantics
2004-02-10 RDF Test Cases
2004-02-10 Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax
2004-02-10 RDF Primer
RDFa
2013-08-22 RDFa Core 1.1 - Second Edition
2013-08-22 XHTML+RDFa 1.1 - Second Edition
2013-08-22 HTML+RDFa 1.1
2012-06-07 RDFa Lite 1.1
2008-10-14 RDFa in XHTML: Syntax and Processing

8. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
Category Date Recommendation
GRDDL
2007-09-11 Gleaning Resource Descriptions from Dialects of Languages (GRDDL)
2007-09-11 GRDDL Test Cases
POWDER
2009-09-01 Protocol for Web Description Resources (POWDER): Grouping of Resources
2009-09-01 Protocol for Web Description Resources (POWDER): Description Resources
2009-09-01 Protocol for Web Description Resources (POWDER): Formal Semantics
Semantic Annotation for WS
DL and XML Schema
2007-08-28 Semantic Annotations for WSDL and XML Schema
Provenance
2013-04-30 PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model
2013-04-30 PROV-O: The PROV Ontology
2013-04-30 Constraints of the PROV Data Model
2013-04-30 PROV-N: The Provenance Notation
RDB2RDF
2012-09-27 R2RML: RDB to RDF Mapping Language
2012-09-27 A Direct Mapping of Relational Data to RDF
Linked Data
2014-02-25 RDF 1.1 Turtle
2014-01-16 JSON-LD 1.0 Processing Algorithms and API
2014-01-16 The RDF Data Cube Vocabulary
2014-01-16 Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT)
2014-01-16 The Organization Ontology
2014-01-16 JSON-LD 1.0
2013-10-29 Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) Version 2.0

9. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
Category Date Recommendation
OWL
Web Ontology Language
2013-02-05 RIF RDF and OWL Compatibility (Second Edition)
2012-12-11 OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Mapping to RDF Graphs (Second Edition)
2012-12-11 OWL 2 Web Ontology Language New Features and Rationale (Second Edition)
2012-12-11 OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Primer (Second Edition)
2012-12-11 OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Profiles (Second Edition)
2012-12-11 OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Quick Reference Guide (Second Edition)
2012-12-11 OWL 2 Web Ontology Language RDF-Based Semantics (Second Edition)
2012-12-11
OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Structural Specification and Functional-Style Syntax
(Second Edition)
2012-12-11 OWL 2 Web Ontology Language XML Serialization (Second Edition)
2012-12-11 OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Conformance (Second Edition)
2012-12-11 OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Direct Semantics (Second Edition)
2012-12-11 rdf:PlainLiteral: A Datatype for RDF Plain Literals (Second Edition)
2012-12-11 OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Document Overview (Second Edition)
2004-02-10 OWL Web Ontology Language Overview
2004-02-10 OWL Web Ontology Language Guide
2004-02-10 OWL Web Ontology Language Reference
2004-02-10 OWL Web Ontology Language Semantics and Abstract Syntax
2004-02-10 OWL Web Ontology Language Test Cases
2004-02-10 OWL Web Ontology Language Use Cases and Requirements

10. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
Category Date Recommendation
SKOS 2009-08-18 SKOS Simple Knowledge Organization System Reference
SPARQL
2013-03-21 SPARQL Query Results XML Format (Second Edition)
2013-03-21 SPARQL 1.1 Entailment Regimes
2013-03-21 SPARQL 1.1 Graph Store HTTP Protocol
2013-03-21 SPARQL 1.1 Protocol
2013-03-21 SPARQL 1.1 Query Language
2013-03-21 SPARQL 1.1 Service Description
2013-03-21 SPARQL 1.1 Update
2013-03-21 SPARQL 1.1 Federated Query
2013-03-21 SPARQL 1.1 Overview
2013-03-21 SPARQL 1.1 Query Results CSV and TSV Formats
2013-03-21 SPARQL 1.1 Query Results JSON Format
2008-01-15 SPARQL Query Language for RDF
2008-01-15 SPARQL Protocol for RDF
RIF
Rule Interchange Format
2013-02-05 RIF Basic Logic Dialect (Second Edition)
2013-02-05 RIF Core Dialect (Second Edition)
2013-02-05 RIF RDF and OWL Compatibility (Second Edition)
2013-02-05 RIF Datatypes and Built-Ins 1.0 (Second Edition)
2013-02-05 RIF Framework for Logic Dialects (Second Edition)
2013-02-05 RIF Production Rule Dialect (Second Edition)

11. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
기술적 아키텍쳐 관점에서의 표준
an elemental syntax
for content structure
within documents
a simple language
for expressing data models,
which refer to objects ("resources")
and their relationships
more vocabulary
for describing properties and classes
a vocabulary for describing
properties and classes
of RDF-based resources
a protocol and query
language
for semantic web data
sources
to exchange rules
between many
"rules languages"
a string of characters used to identify a name or a resource
http://ai.ia.agh.edu.pl/wiki/_media/hekate:semweb:sw_layer_cakes.png

12. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
URI (Uniform Resource Identifier)
Myungjin Lee
881002-1045617
identifier
name
resident registration number
http://www.semantics.kr/person/mjLee
identifier in the web

13. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
XML (Extensible Markup Language)
• 사람 뿐만 아니라 기계가 읽을 수 있는 형태로 데이터의 구조를
기술하기 위한 마크업 언어(markup language)
XML representation of “Myungjin Lee is Suji’s husband.”
<conjugalrelation>
<husband>Myungjin Lee</husband>
<wife>Suji</wife>
</conjugalrelation>
<conjugalrelation husband=“Myungjin Lee”>
<wife>Suji</wife>
</conjugalrelation>
<conjugalrelation husband=“Myungjin Lee” wife=“Suji” />
same contents, but different representation
We need a general method for conceptual description.

14. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
RDF (Resource Description Framework)
• 웹에 존재하는 개체(자원)에 대한 정보를 개념적으로 기술하기
위한 방법
has wife
http://semantics.kr/myungjinlee http://semantics.kr/suji
http://semantics.kr/rel/hasWife
Subject
URI reference
Predicate
URI reference
Object
URI reference or Literal
Triple
http://www.vaio.or.kr/files/attach/images/9979/195/792/5d296375f2a6b1096cb062f22ee7e046.jpg

15. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
RDF Serialization
• N-Triples
– RDF Test Cases, W3C Recommendation, 25 February 2014
– a line-based, plain text serialization format for storing and transmitting RDF data
• Notation 3 (N3)
– a shorthand non-XML serialization of RDF models, designed with human-readability
in mind
– much more compact and readable than XML RDF notation
• Turtle (Terse RDF Triple Language)
– W3C Candidate Recommendation, 25 February 2014
– a format for expressing data in the Resource Description Framework (RDF) data
model
– a subset of Notation3 (N3) language, and a superset of the minimal N-Triples format
• RDF/XML
– W3C Recommendation, 25 February 2014
– an XML syntax for writing down and exchanging RDF graphs

16. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Benn> <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title> "Tony Benn" .
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Benn> <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/publisher> "Wikipedia" .
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Benn">
<dc:title>Tony Benn</dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Wikipedia</dc:publisher>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Benn> dc:title "Tony Benn";
dc:publisher "Wikipedia".
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
@prefix ex: <http://example.org/stuff/1.0/> .
<http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar>
dc:title "RDF/XML Syntax Specification (Revised)" ;
ex:editor [ ex:fullname "Dave Beckett";
ex:homePage <http://purl.org/net/dajobe/>
] .
N-Triple
RDF/XML
N3
Turtle

17. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
RDFS (RDF Schema)
• 자원에 대한 정보를 기술할 수 있는 클래스(class)와 속성
(property) 같은 구조를 정의하기 위한 방법
has wife
♂ ♀
is a is a
Male Female

Person
subset ofsubset of
http://www.vaio.or.kr/files/attach/images/9979/195/792/5d296375f2a6b1096cb062f22ee7e046.jpg

18. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
OWL (Web Ontology Language)
• 온톨로지를 만들기 위해 지식을 기술하기 위한 언어
• RDFS에 비해 더 많은 표현력을 필요로 할 경우,
– 예를 들어,
Man Woman∩ = Ø
Person Person
descendant
Person
descendant
descendant
Husband Wife
1:1

19. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
SPARQL
• RDF를 위한 질의 언어가 왜 필요한가?
– RDF 형태로 구축된 데이터로부터 원하는 지식을 획득하기 위한 방법을
제공
• SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language
– RDF 형태로 저장된 데이터를 검색하고 처리하기 위한 방법을 제공
– HTTP를 통해 질의를 처리할 수 있는 방법을 제공
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
SELECT ?name ?email
WHERE {
?person a foaf:Person.
?person foaf:name ?name.
?person foaf:mbox ?email.
}
RDF
Knowledge
Base
?name ?email
Myungjin Lee mjlee@li-st.com
Gildong Hong gildong@daum.net
Grace Byun grace@naver.com

20. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
R2RML
• RDB to RDF Mapping Language
• W3C Recommendation 27 September 2012
• 관계형 데이터베이스에 저장된 데이터를 RDF 형태로 변환하기
위한 목적의 맵핑 규칙 언어
<http://data.example.com/employee/7369> rdf:type ex:Employee.
<http://data.example.com/employee/7369> ex:name "SMITH".
@prefix rr: <http://www.w3.org/ns/r2rml#>.
@prefix ex: <http://example.com/ns#>.
<#TriplesMap1>
rr:logicalTable [ rr:tableName "EMP" ];
rr:subjectMap [
rr:template "http://data.example.com/employee/{EMPNO}";
rr:class ex:Employee;
];
rr:predicateObjectMap [
rr:predicate ex:name;
rr:objectMap [ rr:column "ENAME" ];
].
R2RML
Result
RDB

21. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
RDFa (the Resource Description Framework in attributes)
• W3C Recommendation, 07 June 2012
• HTML, SVG, and XML과 같은 웹 문서에서 기계가 읽고 처리
할 수 있는 형태로 데이터를 기술하기 위한 방법을 제공
Example<p vocab="http://schema.org/" resource="#manu" typeof="Person">
My name is
<span property="name">Manu Sporny</span>
and you can give me a ring via
<span property="telephone">1-800-555-0199</span>.
<img property="image" src="http://manu.sporny.org/images/manu.png" />
</p>

22. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
GRDDL (Gleaning Resource Descriptions from Dialects of Languages)
• XHTML을 포함하여 XML 문서 형태로 RDF 트리플을 수집 및
생성하기 위한 마크업 형식
<html xmlns:grddl='http://www.w3.org/2003/g/data-view#'
grddl:transformation="glean_title.xsl getAuthor.xsl">
<head>
<title>Are You Experienced?</title>
</head>
...
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="/">
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="{$subject}">
<dc:title>
<xsl:value-of select="/html:html/html:head/html:title"/>
</dc:title>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="">
<dc:title>Are You Experienced?</dc:title>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
HTML
glean_title.xsl
RDF

23. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
LOD 프로세스 관점에서의 표준
① 온톨로지 모델링
http://www.w3.org/Submission/OWL-S/Profile-Ontology-1.1ai.gif
http://assets.okfn.org/images/data-types.png
http://www.iconsdb.com/gray-icons/database-icon.html
http://icons.iconarchive.com/icons/hopstarter/sleek-xp-basic/256/User-Group-icon.png
② 인스턴스 구축
데이터베이스
③ 변환
트리플 저장소
④ 저장
서비스 개발자
LOD 프레임워크
⑤ 발행
⑥ 활용
RDFS, OWL
RDB2RDF
RDF
SPARQL

24. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
LOD에서의 역할들
http://findicons.com/icon/24571/user_group
http://findicons.com/icon/102535/user
http://findicons.com/icon/102523/administrator
http://findicons.com/icon/102561/client_2
http://download.topquadrant.com/composer/images/blog/TopBraid-FOAF.png
http://db.cse.ohio-state.edu/images/db.png
http://lod.nl.go.kr/home/about/dataset.jsp
http://wifo5-03.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/pubby/images/pubby-architecture.png
응용서비스
개발
사용자
LOD서비스
구축
데이터
구축
모델링
변환
저장
발행
데이터 접근 서비스 접근
데이터 조회

25. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
데이터 구축자 관점에서의 표준
데이터 구축자
모델링 도구
온톨로지 모델링
RDF
https://s3.amazonaws.com/uploads.startups.fm/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/rule-fm-logo.png
변환 규칙 작성
RDF 변환
데이터베이스
R2RML
RDFS & OWL
URI & RDF
RDF Serialization

26. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
LOD 서비스 구축자 관점에서의 표준
LOD 서비스 제공자
RDF 적재
RDF
URI & RDF
RDF Serialization
SPARQL
트리플 저장소
데이터 연계
LOD 서비스 프레임워크
LOD 서비스
Linked Data Platform
발행
개발? 도입?
http://fc09.deviantart.net/fs70/i/2013/170/3/e/cute_speech_bubble_render_by_klleiachan-d69rv96.png

27. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
서비스 제공자 관점에서의 표준
• URI 관련 표준은 기본
• RDF 관련 표준 역시 기본
• RDFS는 기본, OWL은 그 만큼의 표현력이 필
요하다면
• RDB2RDF는 필요에 따라
• SPARQL은 필수
• 추가적으로 LDP에 대한 표준도 거의 필수

28. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
서비스 제공자들이 흔히 놓치는 표준
• Describing Linked Datasets with the VoID
Vocabulary
– 데이터 셋을 만들었으면 기본적인 설명은 필수!
• Cool URIs for the Semantic Web
– 단순한 URI 표준이라고 우습게 보지 마라.
– Content Negotiation 등 꼭 알아야 할 정보들이 많다.
• Protocol로써의 SPARQL
– HTTP를 활용한 SPARQL의 지원

29. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
응용서비스 개발자 관점에서의 표준
LOD 서비스
응용서비스 개발자
응용서비스 개발자
URI
RDF
Query Result
SPARQL
URI & RDF
SPARQL
SPARQL Query Result Format

30. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
응용서비스 개발자 관점에서의 표준
• 역시 기본적인 RDF에 대한 이해는 필수
• 더 잘 쓰려면 SPARQL 정도는
• 데이터답게 쓰려면 구조를 이해해야 하니
RDFS와 OWL에 대한 이해도 있다면
• 그 외에는 필요에 따라

31. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
알아야 할 표준이 너무 많아요.
개인적인 에 의하면,
기본적인
내용의
표준
문법적인
내용의
표준
그 외
표준들
RDF Primer
RDF 1.1 Concepts
and Abstract Syntax
RDF 1.1 XML Syntax
RDF 1.1 Turtle
RDF 1.1 N-Triples
RDF 1.1 Turtle
RDF 1.1 Semantics
RDF Test Cases
http://bentleymasterminds.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Work-Experience-alexwhite.jpg

32. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
약한 표준
http://sioc-project.org/files/sioc_foaf_skos_small.png
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Sioc-logo.svg/2000px-Sioc-logo.svg.png
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/FoafLogo.svg/2000px-FoafLogo.svg.png
http://www.ecured.cu/images/a/a1/Dublin_Core.png
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_-REQ3wEST4I/S8vR5fRG0kI/AAAAAAAAAXE/Oz9DRiw8rq4/s320/bibliontology170.png
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/infostudies/research/knowledgeorganization/events/SKOS.jpg
http://www.dataversity.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2013/11/schema-org1.jpg
http://www.isophonics.net/hotttabs/img/logos/Mo-logo-big.jpg
http://www.oclc.org/content/dam/oclc/common/images/logos/new/OCLC/OCLC_Logo_H_Color_NoTag.png
데이터의 웹에서 반드시 따라야 하는 규약은 아니지만,
보다 데이터를 잘 활용할 수 있도록 지원하기 위해
통상적으로 활용되는 용어집들

33. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
약한 표준까지 지켜야 하나?
http://img2.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20130208151201/clubpenguin/images/d/d9/Bunch_of_5_Carrots.png
http://thecontentwrangler.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/User.png
http://icons.iconarchive.com/icons/hopstarter/sleek-xp-basic/256/User-Group-icon.png
이명진
moniker
홍길동
foaf:name
이하은
foaf:name
김하늘
foaf:name
서비스 개발자
사람들의 이름을 얻
기 위해서는?

34. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
약한 표준의 적용 방법
• 온톨로지 모델링 및 데이터 구축 시 범용 어휘집의 적극적인
도입 검토
• 인터링킹(interlinking)을 통한 용어들 사이의 관계 정의
어떤 용어집을
재사용할 수 있을까?
사람
foaf:Person
owl:equivalentClass
schema:Person
owl:equivalentClass

35. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
W3C의 표준은 필수
범용적 용어집은 덤으로
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36. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
Dr. Myungjin Lee
e-Mail : mjlee@li-st.com
Facebook : http://www.facebook.com/mjinlee
SlideShare : http://www.slideshare.net/onlyjiny/
Linkedin : http://linkedin.com/pub/myungjin-lee
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