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Linked Data Modeling
for Beginner
Dr. Myungjin Lee
http://www.industryleadersmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/j0401617.jpg
1
Linked Data
• Linked data describes a method of publishing
structured data so that it can be interlinked and become
more useful.
The Semantic Web isn't just about putting data
on the web. It is about making links, so that a
person or machine can explore the web of data.
With linked data, when you have some of it,
you can find other, related, data.
- A roadmap to the Semantic Web by Tim Berners-Lee
2
Four Principles of Linked Data
1. Use URIs to identify things.
2. Use HTTP URIs so that these things can be referred to
and looked up ("dereferenced") by people and user
agents.
3. Provide useful information about the thing when its
URI is dereferenced, using standard formats such as
RDF/XML.
4. Include links to other, related URIs in the exposed
data to improve discovery of other related information
on the Web.
3
5 Star Linked Data
4
★ Available on the web (whatever format) but with an open
licence, to be Open Data
★★ Available as machine-readable structured data (e.g. excel
instead of image scan of a table)
★★★ as (2) plus non-proprietary format (e.g. CSV instead of
excel)
★★★★ All the above plus, Use open standards from W3C (RDF
and SPARQL) to identify things, so that people can point at
your stuff
★★★★★ All the above, plus: Link your data to other people’s data to
provide context
What do we know?
an elemental syntax
for content structure
within documents
a simple language
for expressing data models,
which refer to objects ("resources")
and their relationships
more vocabulary
for describing properties and classes
a vocabulary for describing
properties and classes
of RDF-based resources
a protocol and query
language
for semantic web data
sources
to exchange rules
between many
"rules languages"
a string of characters used to identify a name or a resource
5
URI (Uniform Resource Identifier)
Myungjin Lee
841002-1045617
identifier
name
resident registration number
http://www.semantics.kr/person/mjLee
identifier in the web
6
RDF (Resource Description Framework)
• a general method for conceptual description or
modeling of information that is implemented in web
resources, using a variety of syntax formats
has wife
7
http://semantics.kr/myungjinlee http://semantics.kr/hye-jinhan
http://semantics.kr/rel/hasWife
Subject
URI reference
Predicate
URI reference
Object
URI reference or Literal
Triple
RDFS (RDF Schema)
• to define classes and properties that may be used to
describe classes, properties and other resources
8
has wife
♂ ♀
is a is a
Male Female

Person
subset ofsubset of
OWL (Web Ontology Language)
• knowledge representation languages for authoring
ontologies
• when you need more expressiveness,
– such as,
9
Man Woman∩ = Ø
Person Person
descendant
Person
descendant
descendant
Husband Wife
1:1
SPARQL
• Why do we need a query language for RDF?
– Why de we need a query language for RDB?
– to get to the knowledge from RDF
• SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language
– to retrieve and manipulate data stored in Resource
Description Framework format
– to use SPARQL via HTTP
10
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
SELECT ?name ?email
WHERE {
?person a foaf:Person.
?person foaf:name ?name.
?person foaf:mbox ?email.
}
RDF
Knowledge
Base
?name ?email
Myungjin Lee mjlee@li-st.com
Gildong Hong gildong@daum.net
Grace Byun grace@naver.com
Database and Linked Data Modeling
• Database Modeling
• Linked Data Modeling
11
Database
Modeling
Linked Data
Modeling≒
Understanding
Business Process
Extracting
Entities
Discovering
Relations
Defining
Attributes
Determine
Scope
Consider
Reuse
Enumerate
Terms
Define
Classes
Define
Properties
Create
Instances
Define Classes
http://philanthropicdirectory.org/sites/all/themes/magnanimous/images/taxonomy-tree-huge.jpg
Class
• sets, collections, concepts, or kinds of things
• Which one can be a class?
13
♂
MaleMyungjin Lee
Class
Comparing with Database
• Table ≒ Class
14
rrn name affiliation
841002-1045617 Myungjin Lee 10
410203-3983612 Gildong Hong 20
841105-2056143 Grace Byun 10
Person Table
Person Class
sid sname
10 Yonsei Univ.
20 Seoul Univ.
School Table
School Class
Class Declaration
• rdfs:Class
• owl:Class
15
is a
owl:ClassMale
rdf:type
• “is a” relationship
16
rdf:type
owl:ClassMale
Class Hierarchy
• rdfs:subClassOf
17
rdf:type
owl:Class
Male
Person
rdfs:subClassOf
rdf:type
Label and Comment
• rdfs:label
– to provide a human-readable version of a resource's name
• rdfs:comment
– to provide a human-readable description of a resource
18
rdfs:label
Person person
a living human
rdfs:comment
Create Class
19
Create Class
20
Create Class
21
Define Properties
http://www.linkingchain.com/images/p_31848PumpGear.jpg
Property
• a directed binary relation
• act as data values or link to other instances
23
has wife
age
30
Property Declaration and Hierarchy
• rdf:Property
24
rdf:type
rdf:Property
hasFather
hasParent
rdfs:subPropertyOf
rdf:type
Comparing with Database
• Column ≒ Property
25
rrn name affiliation
841002-1045617 Myungjin Lee 10
410203-3983612 Gildong Hong 20
841105-2056143 Grace Byun 10
Person Table
sid sname
10 Yonsei Univ.
20 Seoul Univ.
School Table
Property
Create Property
26
Create Property
27
Property Restrictions
• rdfs:domain
– to state that any resource that has a given property is an
instance of one or more classes
• rdfs:range
– to state that the values of a property are instances of one or
more classes
28
Subject Predicate Object
has wife? ?
domain:
what class
for subject
range:
what class
for object
Comparing with Database
29
CREATE TABLE School {
sid number(2) primary key
sname varchar(50)
}
range of ‘sname’
‘sname’ property
domain of ‘sname’
Declaration of Property Restrictions
30
rdfs:range
rdf:Property
Male
hasWife
rdf:type
Female
rdfs:domain
MyungjinLee Suji
hasWife
rdf:type rdf:type
Set Domain and Rage
31
Set Domain and Rage
32
Two Types of Property
• Object Property
– relations between instances of two classes
• Datatype Property
– relations between instances of classes and literals and XML
Schema datatypes
33
has wife
age
30
Object Property
Datatype Property
Comparing with Database
34
CREATE TABLE Person {
rrn varchar(14) primary key
name varchar(10)
FOREIGN KEY (affiliation) REFERENCES school(sid)
}
rrn name affiliation
841002-1045617 Myungjin Lee 10
410203-3983612 Gildong Hong 20
841105-2056143 Grace Byun 10
Person Table
sid sname
10 Yonsei Univ.
20 Seoul Univ.
School Table
Datatype Property ObjectProperty
Object and Datatype Property Declaration
• owl:ObjectProperty
• owl:DatatypeProperty
35
rdfs:range
owl:ObjectProperty
hasWife
rdf:type
Female
rdfs:range
owl:DatatypeProperty
age
rdf:type
xsd:int
Create Object Property
36
Create Object Property
37
Property Characteristics
• Transitive Property
• Symmetric Property
• Functional Property
• inverseOf
38
Transitive Property
• If a property, P, is specified as transitive then for any x, y,
and z:
• P(x, y) and P(y, z) implies P(x, z)
• Which one can be a Transitive Property?
39
ancestorhasParent
Transitive Property
Transitive Property
40
ancestor
MyungjinLee
SunsinLee
SungkyeLee
ancestor
owl:TransitiveProperty
ancestor
rdf:type
ancestor
Symmetric Property
• If a property, P, is tagged as symmetric then for any x
and y:
• P(x, y) iff P(y, x)
• Which one can be a Transitive Property?
41
friend
MyungjinLee Peter
owl:SymmetricPropertyfriend
rdf:type
friend
hasWifefriend
Functional Property
• If a property, P, is tagged as functional then for all x, y,
and z:
• P(x, y) and P(x, z) implies y = z
• Which one can be a Transitive Property?
42
age
MyungjinLee
owl:FunctionalPropertyage
rdf:type
30
friendage
Set Characteristic of Property
43
inverseOf
• If a property, P1, is tagged as the owl:inverseOf P2,
then for all x and y:
• P1(x, y) iff P2(y, x)
44
hasParent
MyungjinLee
hasParent
owl:inverseOf
hasChild
Kwangsu
hasChild
Create Instances
45
http://fc09.deviantart.net/fs71/i/2011/337/4/2/hero_tv_rp___relation_map_by_niladhevan-d4i0oij.png
Individual
• instances, objects, or member of class
46
rdf:type
MaleMyungjinLee
owl:Class
rdf:type
Male
• MyungjinLee
Comparing with Database
• Row ≒ Individual
47
rrn name affiliation
841002-1045617 Myungjin Lee 10
410203-3983612 Gildong Hong 20
841105-2056143 Grace Byun 10
Person Table
sid sname
10 Yonsei Univ.
20 Seoul Univ.
School Table
Individual of Person Class
Individual of School Class
Create Individual
48
Create Individual
49
Create Individual
50
Interlinking
• rdfs:seeAlso
– to indicate a resource that might provide additional
information about the subject resource
• owl:sameAs
– to declare two individuals to be identical
51
My Dataset
MyungjinLee •
DBPedia Dataset
• myung-jin_lee
owl:sameAs
sameAs Declaration
52
53
Dr. Myungjin Lee
e-Mail : mjlee@li-st.com
Twitter : http://twitter.com/MyungjinLee
Facebook : http://www.facebook.com/mjinlee
SlideShare : http://www.slideshare.net/onlyjiny/

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Linked Data Modeling for Beginner

  • 1. Linked Data Modeling for Beginner Dr. Myungjin Lee http://www.industryleadersmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/j0401617.jpg 1
  • 2. Linked Data • Linked data describes a method of publishing structured data so that it can be interlinked and become more useful. The Semantic Web isn't just about putting data on the web. It is about making links, so that a person or machine can explore the web of data. With linked data, when you have some of it, you can find other, related, data. - A roadmap to the Semantic Web by Tim Berners-Lee 2
  • 3. Four Principles of Linked Data 1. Use URIs to identify things. 2. Use HTTP URIs so that these things can be referred to and looked up ("dereferenced") by people and user agents. 3. Provide useful information about the thing when its URI is dereferenced, using standard formats such as RDF/XML. 4. Include links to other, related URIs in the exposed data to improve discovery of other related information on the Web. 3
  • 4. 5 Star Linked Data 4 ★ Available on the web (whatever format) but with an open licence, to be Open Data ★★ Available as machine-readable structured data (e.g. excel instead of image scan of a table) ★★★ as (2) plus non-proprietary format (e.g. CSV instead of excel) ★★★★ All the above plus, Use open standards from W3C (RDF and SPARQL) to identify things, so that people can point at your stuff ★★★★★ All the above, plus: Link your data to other people’s data to provide context
  • 5. What do we know? an elemental syntax for content structure within documents a simple language for expressing data models, which refer to objects ("resources") and their relationships more vocabulary for describing properties and classes a vocabulary for describing properties and classes of RDF-based resources a protocol and query language for semantic web data sources to exchange rules between many "rules languages" a string of characters used to identify a name or a resource 5
  • 6. URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) Myungjin Lee 841002-1045617 identifier name resident registration number http://www.semantics.kr/person/mjLee identifier in the web 6
  • 7. RDF (Resource Description Framework) • a general method for conceptual description or modeling of information that is implemented in web resources, using a variety of syntax formats has wife 7 http://semantics.kr/myungjinlee http://semantics.kr/hye-jinhan http://semantics.kr/rel/hasWife Subject URI reference Predicate URI reference Object URI reference or Literal Triple
  • 8. RDFS (RDF Schema) • to define classes and properties that may be used to describe classes, properties and other resources 8 has wife ♂ ♀ is a is a Male Female  Person subset ofsubset of
  • 9. OWL (Web Ontology Language) • knowledge representation languages for authoring ontologies • when you need more expressiveness, – such as, 9 Man Woman∩ = Ø Person Person descendant Person descendant descendant Husband Wife 1:1
  • 10. SPARQL • Why do we need a query language for RDF? – Why de we need a query language for RDB? – to get to the knowledge from RDF • SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language – to retrieve and manipulate data stored in Resource Description Framework format – to use SPARQL via HTTP 10 PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> SELECT ?name ?email WHERE { ?person a foaf:Person. ?person foaf:name ?name. ?person foaf:mbox ?email. } RDF Knowledge Base ?name ?email Myungjin Lee mjlee@li-st.com Gildong Hong gildong@daum.net Grace Byun grace@naver.com
  • 11. Database and Linked Data Modeling • Database Modeling • Linked Data Modeling 11 Database Modeling Linked Data Modeling≒ Understanding Business Process Extracting Entities Discovering Relations Defining Attributes Determine Scope Consider Reuse Enumerate Terms Define Classes Define Properties Create Instances
  • 13. Class • sets, collections, concepts, or kinds of things • Which one can be a class? 13 ♂ MaleMyungjin Lee Class
  • 14. Comparing with Database • Table ≒ Class 14 rrn name affiliation 841002-1045617 Myungjin Lee 10 410203-3983612 Gildong Hong 20 841105-2056143 Grace Byun 10 Person Table Person Class sid sname 10 Yonsei Univ. 20 Seoul Univ. School Table School Class
  • 15. Class Declaration • rdfs:Class • owl:Class 15 is a owl:ClassMale
  • 16. rdf:type • “is a” relationship 16 rdf:type owl:ClassMale
  • 18. Label and Comment • rdfs:label – to provide a human-readable version of a resource's name • rdfs:comment – to provide a human-readable description of a resource 18 rdfs:label Person person a living human rdfs:comment
  • 23. Property • a directed binary relation • act as data values or link to other instances 23 has wife age 30
  • 24. Property Declaration and Hierarchy • rdf:Property 24 rdf:type rdf:Property hasFather hasParent rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:type
  • 25. Comparing with Database • Column ≒ Property 25 rrn name affiliation 841002-1045617 Myungjin Lee 10 410203-3983612 Gildong Hong 20 841105-2056143 Grace Byun 10 Person Table sid sname 10 Yonsei Univ. 20 Seoul Univ. School Table Property
  • 28. Property Restrictions • rdfs:domain – to state that any resource that has a given property is an instance of one or more classes • rdfs:range – to state that the values of a property are instances of one or more classes 28 Subject Predicate Object has wife? ? domain: what class for subject range: what class for object
  • 29. Comparing with Database 29 CREATE TABLE School { sid number(2) primary key sname varchar(50) } range of ‘sname’ ‘sname’ property domain of ‘sname’
  • 30. Declaration of Property Restrictions 30 rdfs:range rdf:Property Male hasWife rdf:type Female rdfs:domain MyungjinLee Suji hasWife rdf:type rdf:type
  • 31. Set Domain and Rage 31
  • 32. Set Domain and Rage 32
  • 33. Two Types of Property • Object Property – relations between instances of two classes • Datatype Property – relations between instances of classes and literals and XML Schema datatypes 33 has wife age 30 Object Property Datatype Property
  • 34. Comparing with Database 34 CREATE TABLE Person { rrn varchar(14) primary key name varchar(10) FOREIGN KEY (affiliation) REFERENCES school(sid) } rrn name affiliation 841002-1045617 Myungjin Lee 10 410203-3983612 Gildong Hong 20 841105-2056143 Grace Byun 10 Person Table sid sname 10 Yonsei Univ. 20 Seoul Univ. School Table Datatype Property ObjectProperty
  • 35. Object and Datatype Property Declaration • owl:ObjectProperty • owl:DatatypeProperty 35 rdfs:range owl:ObjectProperty hasWife rdf:type Female rdfs:range owl:DatatypeProperty age rdf:type xsd:int
  • 38. Property Characteristics • Transitive Property • Symmetric Property • Functional Property • inverseOf 38
  • 39. Transitive Property • If a property, P, is specified as transitive then for any x, y, and z: • P(x, y) and P(y, z) implies P(x, z) • Which one can be a Transitive Property? 39 ancestorhasParent Transitive Property
  • 41. Symmetric Property • If a property, P, is tagged as symmetric then for any x and y: • P(x, y) iff P(y, x) • Which one can be a Transitive Property? 41 friend MyungjinLee Peter owl:SymmetricPropertyfriend rdf:type friend hasWifefriend
  • 42. Functional Property • If a property, P, is tagged as functional then for all x, y, and z: • P(x, y) and P(x, z) implies y = z • Which one can be a Transitive Property? 42 age MyungjinLee owl:FunctionalPropertyage rdf:type 30 friendage
  • 43. Set Characteristic of Property 43
  • 44. inverseOf • If a property, P1, is tagged as the owl:inverseOf P2, then for all x and y: • P1(x, y) iff P2(y, x) 44 hasParent MyungjinLee hasParent owl:inverseOf hasChild Kwangsu hasChild
  • 46. Individual • instances, objects, or member of class 46 rdf:type MaleMyungjinLee owl:Class rdf:type Male • MyungjinLee
  • 47. Comparing with Database • Row ≒ Individual 47 rrn name affiliation 841002-1045617 Myungjin Lee 10 410203-3983612 Gildong Hong 20 841105-2056143 Grace Byun 10 Person Table sid sname 10 Yonsei Univ. 20 Seoul Univ. School Table Individual of Person Class Individual of School Class
  • 51. Interlinking • rdfs:seeAlso – to indicate a resource that might provide additional information about the subject resource • owl:sameAs – to declare two individuals to be identical 51 My Dataset MyungjinLee • DBPedia Dataset • myung-jin_lee owl:sameAs
  • 53. 53 Dr. Myungjin Lee e-Mail : mjlee@li-st.com Twitter : http://twitter.com/MyungjinLee Facebook : http://www.facebook.com/mjinlee SlideShare : http://www.slideshare.net/onlyjiny/