This document provides an overview of an introductory course on urban and regional planning. It covers 5 parts: 1. The beginnings of planning and urbanism, discussing early civilizations. 2. An overview of urban and regional planning, including definitions of planning, why it is needed, and the planning process. 3. The role of planners in the built environment as umpires, technocrats, economic planners, and environmental guardians. 4. Urban and regional planning in Malaysia, including relevant acts and plans as well as public participation. 5. Sustainable planning principles like smart growth, new urbanism, and their integration into decision making.

1. AED1313: Intro. To Built Environment
Urban & Regional PlanningUrban & Regional Planning
 Part I: The beginnings of planning &
urbanism
 Part II: Overview of URP
 Part III: Planners’ Role in Built Environment
 Part IV: URP in Malaysia
 Part V: Sustainable Planning
Compiled by
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN, CENTRE FOR
FOUNDATION STUDIES, IIUM, PETALING JAYA

2. Part I
The beginnings of planning and
urbanism

3. Mesopotamia Civilisation
Indus Civilisation
GreekCivilisation

4. Ancient Athens

7. The city can be a centre of industry, trade, education, orgovernment orall of those activities.
The large community
came about as a result
of the growth of crops
and the breeding of
animals on a
permanent basis.
The production of
grains that
could be stored
from year to
year provided
stability (wheat
in the west, rice
in the orient).
The ability to
preserve food
made it possible
to diversify into
other activities.
The development of a
diversified economy
provided employment in a
variety of forms, and this
brought about the
enlargement of villages or
hamlets into towns and
cities.
The word city implies a
large concentration of
people in a given
geographic area who
support themselves from
the economic activities of
that area.
How Urbanism begins?

8.  Coined after the organization of the city
 Namely, they are:
 Grid: Greek cities
 Linear: cities along the river or sea
 Radial: Garden movement
 Nucleus/ centralized: business area as the core
Types of City Plan

9. Part II
Overview of the urban & regional
planning

10. What is planning?
 Systematic, creative way to influence and
respond to a wide variety of changes occurring
in a neighborhood, in a city, in an entire region,
or around the world.
 A process for determining future appropriate
actions to achieve a goal or a series of goals
through a sequence of actions.

11. What is planning?
 It requires and taking account:
 all aspects and implications of the physical
development of land
 Socioeconomic factors
 Cultural elements
 Prime concern: PEOPLE and the
relationship with the built environment
 EVERYONE is involved!

12. Why do we need to plan?
 A well-balanced life
 In terms of Urban and Regional planning:
 To fulfill the societal, economical and environmental
needs
 Provide healthy environment (social interaction, sufficient
facilities, condusive area for living)
 Safety and security
 Employment
 Functional Central Business District (CBD)
 To achieve a sustainable development

13. Planning Process
 Sequence of actions which are designed to
solve problems in the future.
 Formulation of vision and objectives as the
guide to the whole process.
 Data collection and analysis is important
stage where studies are being carried out by
sectors:
 socioeconomic (population, income level)
 infrastructure (water and drainage system, roads,
electricity, etc)
 public facilities (public hall, school, etc)

14. Identification of problem
Formulation of visions and objectives
Identification of issues and
problems
The projection of the future
situation
The generation and
evaluation of alternative
courses of action (plan)
The production of preferred plan
Implementation
Data collection and analysis
Public involvement
Flowchart of the
General Planning
Process

15.  The organization of all elements of a town or
other urban environment.
 The art and the science of ordering the land-
uses and buildings siting and communication
routes so as to secure the maximum level of
economy, convenience and beauty (Keeble,
1969).
 management -of existing- and the development
-of proposed- urban and rural areas in order to
protect and best serve the present and future
generations.
URP is....

16.  Takes all aspects of a city into consideration.
 It includes plans for safety, aesthetics and common
sense placement of everything from houses to
factories = ZONING
 All planning issues deal with conflicting demands =
a planner has:
 to analyze and understand these demands and to
advise on the best options.
 to undertake comprehensive appraisals and detailed
analysis of all problems related to the physical
environment, and offer planning solutions to the
encountered problems.
 to anticipate future population growth and planning
ahead of time for such growth in all sectors from public
Thus, URP...

17. The Job scope of urban
planners

18. Land Use Planning
 Process of organizing, managing, and
regulating the use of lands and their resources
 to meet the socio-economic development of the
country whilst safeguarding the environment
 taking into account the land’s natural capacities
 Essential in physical environmental
management and biodiversity conservation.
 conserving the environment.
 managing the population demand for resources wisely
= sustainability.

19. Development Control
 The process whereby a local planning authority
decides whether a planning application meets the
requirements of planning policy, particularly as
set out in development plans.
 means by which planners enhance and protect our
environment whilst at the same time allow the
development necessary for our economic and social well
being to take place in an acceptable manner.
 relies on the "plan-led system" whereby Development
Plans are formed and the public consulted. Subsequent
development requires Planning permission, which will be granted or refused with
reference to the Development Plan
 done to prevent or minimize any potentially negative
impacts from the development.

20. Part III
The planners’ role in the built
environment
Nigel Ashton (1911-2008) … a hand in much of Sydney's
development.

22. Planners’ Role
 Umpire
 referee or judge whose duty is to resolve conflicts between various
interest groups involved in the built environment, enforce rules and
impose controls in order to ensure that towns and cities develop
logically and conveniently.
 Technocrat
 use technical expertise to predict future population growth,
employment trends, car ownership and other variables

23. Planners’ Role
 Economic Planner
 essential companion to realistic
town planning
 involves the allocation of scarce
resources, that is, urban land,
goods and services, and is
therefore seen as an aspect of
economic planning
 Environmental Guardian
 given increased powers to assess the
environmental impact of new
developments
 a requirement stipulated in the
Environmental Quality Act 1974.

24.  Town Planning Officer
 Corporate Town Planner
 Project Manager
 Property Developer
 Research Officer
 Town Planning Consultant orAdviser
 Specialist in the field of CADD,GIS…
 Urban Designer
 Academician
 Environmental Planner& Others
Career Opportunities

25. Part IV
Urban & Regional Planning in
Malaysia

26. URP in Malaysia
 Planning in Malaysia started in the British era.
 Responsible body: Sanitary Board
 Today: Jabatan Perancangan Bandar& Desa (JPBD)
or Town & Country Planning Board
 Its responsibilities are:
 To monitor and supervise the planning of an area
 Encourage public participation (Seranta)
 To prepare guidelines and regulation:
 Town & Country Planning (TCP) Act
 National Physical Plan
 Structure Plan
 Doktrin Perancangan & Pembangunan Sejagat (DPPS)
 Reference: JPBD

27. URP in Malaysia
 Town and Country Planning (TCP) Act 1976
 introduced a uniformsystemof town and country planning in Peninsular
Malaysia.
 involves regulating the use and development of land in the public interest
through two ways:
 development plan
 development control
 The 1976 Act was amended in 1995 through the Town and Country
Planning (Amendment) Act 1995 (Act A933) revised format for the
development plan hierarchy.
 The two-tiersystem (Structure & Local Plan) now becomes a three-tier
system with a series of plans that covers the nation, the individual states
and the districts.
 This amendment emphasized environmental management in planning,
such as conservation of topographical features and trees.

28. Source: "Report on the 2008 National Spatial Policy Seminar"
(2009)
National and Regional Planning Bureau, MLIT, Japan

30. Urban Planning in Malaysia
 Public participation orSeranta
 Telling the community on the planning or
development projects in their place
 Major exercise: Public exhibition
 Stated in TCPAct 172
 Mandatory during the formulation stage of a
development plan and after a draft plan is
approved
 Between 1985 to 2000, a total of 106 Structure
Plans has been prepared and exhibited to the
public.
 MIP(Malaysian Institute of Planners)
 “ to pro m o te the scie nce and art o f To wn
Planning fo r the be ne fit o f the public… ”

31. Public exhibition forKuala LumpurStructure Plan 2020Public exhibition forKuala LumpurStructure Plan 2020

32. Part V
Sustainable Planning
“That which ensures the needs of the present are met
without compromising the ability of future generations to
meet theirown
needs”.
United Nations global summit on the environment and development in
Rio de Janeiro 1992

33. Sustainable Planning
 integrate consideration of healthy natural,
social and economic systems and the well
being of future generations into decision-
making processes.
 Comprises of several concepts:
 Smart Growth
 New Urbanism
 Intelligent Urbanism
 Sustainable Urban Infrastructure

34. Smart Growth
 Compact neighbourhood
 mixed use developments.
 affordable housing.
 Restrictions on suburban design forms
such
as detached houses and surface parking.
 inclusion of parks and recreational areas.
 Transit-oriented development
 designed to maximize access to public
transport, and mixed-use/compact
neighborhoods tend to use transit at all
times of the day
 Pedestrian and bicycle-friendly

37. ‘New Pedestrianism’ at a street in the
renewed city center of Radovish, Republic of
Macedonia: Pedestrians are dominant, but
there is also place for cars (parked on the

38. Principles of New Urbanism
 Could be applied to any scale of projects.
 Branching from Smart Growth
 There are 10 principles:
 Walkability
 Connectivity
 Mixed use and diversity
 Mixed housing
 Quality architecture and urban design
 Traditional neighborhood structure
 Increased density
 Smart transportation
 Sustainability
 Quality of life

40. Intelligent Urbanism