Basics that we have learned in lesson 3 - Year 12

1. LESSON 3 – 2nd
Batxillerat
2014-15

2. Vocabulary page 29
Panel
Vandalism / Riot
Burglar
Break
out
(riots,
wars,
fights)

3. Vocabulary page 29 - 2
Break the law get carried away offender
go to
court
fairlyget
away
with
(inflm)

4. Collocations page 29
Spend The law
Treat Time in prison
Do Away with something
Break To prison
Punish To court
Get Community service
Go Carried away
Go (s/o) Fairly
Get Severely

5. Reading page 30
Get tangled Trekking accident
Food poisoning
Run over cyclists
To choke

6. Vocabulary page 31Past its sell
To award damages
To sue someone
To compensate
Door handle Good
deed To
overreact

7. James Bond rents a car
Wreck Fill up the tank
Print out
your contract

8. Useful language to rent a car
• 1 I’ll be [soon / right] with you.
2 Thank you [for / about] being so patient.
3 I don’t have that. Could it be [in / under]
another name?
4 What did you say [was your name / your name
was] again?
5 Let me check your rental [history / past].
6 Do you want the additional [security /
insurance]?
7 Let me just print [out / off] your contract.

9. False Friends
injure / insult
• He ___ me when he told me I was a liar.
• He fell down stairs and ___ her leg.
realize / carry out
• She hoped we could ___ our plan successfully.
• One day she will ___ that he is cheating on her.
friendly / sympathetic
• Everyone was very ___ when I started my new school.
• My friends were all ___ when I broke my leg.

10. C----- S----- R– H-----
Catch someone red handed

11. S--- o-- o- t-- l---
Step out of the line

12. B- a---- b----
Be above board
(Be honest, not
to try to deceive
anyone)

13. Accept the consequences of
one’s mistakes

14. C---- s-------- u-
Cover something up

15. S---- u- t- s---------
Stand up to someone or something

16. 1. The police found him with the
stolen goods.
stepped out of line
2 We need to find out exactly what is
going on.
caught him red-handed
3 She always behaves well at school. above board
4 You need to admit that you have
behaved badly and
accept your punishment.
face the music
5 This was the first time he had ever
done something wrong.
keeps her nose clean
6 I knew their plans weren’t open and
honest.
get to the bottom of it

17. Characteristics of modal verbs
• They are followed by an infinitive without to (except for
ought to).
• I must buy a new computer
• They do not need “do / does” to form negatives or short
answers.
• They do not take the third person –s.
• They can use contractions with negatives.
• They have several different meanings depending on
context.

18. MODAL VERBS
Function Modal verb
Ability Be able to / can / could
Permission Can / be allowed to / could (gral.
Permission in the past)
obligation Must / have to /need to
Absence of obligation Don’t have to / needn’t
Possibility May / Might / could /must / can’t
Advice / recommendation Should / Ought to
Prohibition Can’t / mustn’t

19. Talking about ability
Modal use Example
Ability
Can Ability in the present I can swim
Could Ability in the past I couldn’t swim as a child
Be able to (not a modal
verb)
Ability for other verb
tenses
She will be able to speak
English fluently if she
marries him.
People have been able to
send emails since the
90s.

20. Talking about permission.
Permission
Can & may Permission in the
present
Can I come in?
may I come in? (+
formal)
Be allowed to (not a
modal verb)
Permission in other
tenses
He was allowed to
arrive late to class by
the teacher
I won’t be allowed to
go to the concert this
time.
Could General permission in
the past (but not to
refer to a particular
action)
When we were children
we could go to school
on our own.

21. Talking about obligation
OBLIGATION
Must You must go to the
doctor tomorrow
Have to You have to be on time
for the exam
Need to You need to come home.
Your grandfather has had
an accident.
LACK OF OBLIGATION
Need Negative (needn’t) You needn’t do this
homework. It is optional
Don’t have to You don’t have to do this
homework. It is optional

22. Talking about possibility
PRESENT OF FUTURE POSSIBILITY
May
Present and future
possibility.
He may know her phone
number.
Might We might have nothing
in common.
Could Telling your mum about
him could be a disaster.
PROHIBITION
Mustn’t Strong prohibition You mustn’t cheat on
your husband
GIVE ADVICE
Should You should study harder
Ought to You ought to dress more
formally for work.

23. Modal Perfects
SOME MODAL VERBS + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE TO TALK ABOUT
SPECULATE ABOUT PAST EVENTS
ALTERNATIVE PAST ACTION
Could have I could have come to
the party, but I did
not want to see them.
I might have gone to
the cinema, but I
decided not to.
Might have
POSSIBILITY IN THE PAST
Might have I might have been a
dancer.
May have I may have gone to
the cinema.
Could have I could have gone to
University

24. Modal Perfect II
EXPRESS A CERTAINTY OR MAKE A LOGICAL DEDUCTION
Must have You must have felt
terrible when you heard
the news.
EXPRESS IMPOSSIBILITY IN THE PAST
Couldn’t have I Couldn’t have tasted it
because she did not cook
it!
Can’t have I can’t have stolen it,
because I wasn’t there!
GIVE AN OPINION, EVENTHOUGH NOW IT IS TOO LATE
Should have He should have left
before she arrived
Ought to have She ought to have called
me

25. Modal perfects III
EXPRESS REGRET OR CRICICISM ABOUT PAST EVENTS
Shouldn’t have You shouldn’t have gone
to the cinema if you had
an exam the next day.
SAY THAT SOMETHING THA WAS DONE WAS UNNECESSARY
Needn’t have You needn’t have studied
math. The teacher
postponed the exam.

26. People shouldn’t be able to
drive until they are 20
• In some countries people are able to drive with sixteen and eighteen
years old.
• In some countries people are able to drive with sixteen and eighteen
years old.
• In some countries people can drive at sixteen.
• I think that the age is not a problem.
• I think that the age is not a problem.
• I think that age is not a problem
• However there are both advantages and disadvantages to this idea.
• However, there are both advantages and disadvantages to this idea.

27. People shouldn’t be able to
drive until they are 20
• Even people older than twenty year olds cause traffic
accidents.
• Even people older that twenty cause traffic accidents.
• Even people older than twenty-year-olds cause traffic
accidents.
• They are more mature when they have 18’.
• They are more mature when they are 18.