2. Chemical & drug injuries
***All chemicals & drugs are capable of causing injury or
death.***
accidental exposure
self-administration
accidental overdose
non-medical use of street drugs
unanticipated result of self-administered or prescribed use
of standard medicines.
exaggeration of an intended pharmacologic effect or an
accompanying side effect
3. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs)
any response to a drug that is noxious & unintended,
occurring at doses used in humans for prophylaxis,
diagnosis, or therapy, excluding failure to accomplish the
intended purpose; [mechanisms: direct toxicity to cells;
immunologic/idiosyncratic reactions; or due to
↓immunologic / hormonal host defenses]
Predictable ADRs: known side-effects; dose-related, severity
depends on route of administration
Unpredictable ADRs: unanticipated, usually immunologic,
idiosyncratic; dose & route of administration do not affect the
severity
7. Therapeutic agents: anti-neoplastics
Anti-metabolites
Bone marrow suppression
GI mucosal injury
Hair follicle injury
Immunosuppression
Nonlethal mutations
Initiation of some form of Cancer
Immunosuppressives
↑ susceptibility to infections, esp. opportunistic
↑ risk of malignant lymphoma