1. The “Final Solution” By: Zachary Nowak

2. Who did it involve? Germans vs. Jews Jews had faced anti-Semitism throughout history Since ancient times Philo of Alexandria (38 AD) Anti-Semitism drastically escalated Kristallnacht

3. Development: “Endlosung der Judenfrague” Final solution to the Jewish question The final stage for Jewish elimination Previously described Nuremburg Laws Eventually meant the liquidation of Jews Wannsee Villa

4. Implementation (in Steps) Forced to wear Star of David Sent to overcrowded ghettos Warsaw ghetto = 30% pop., 2.4 % area From ghetto to concentration camps Slave labor or immediate gassing Approx. 23 main camps, 900 sub-camps Jews in a ghetto

5. HUGE Number of camps Well known camps Auschwitz, Dachau, Treblinka, Sobibor, etc. Massive amounts of sub-camps Not as well known Dachau Approx. 100 sub-camps

6. Getting to the camps: Rounded up in German occupied territory Sometimes brutally, sometimes tricked Forced onto cattle cars Long trip to concentration camp Often many died on the way Ex.: Black Sabbath Freedom Square, Thessaloniki Greece (1942)

7. Immediate Liquidation From train to selection platform Left = Death Sent to gas chamber From gas chambers to crematorium Killed by guards Sonderkommando

8. Slave Labor Sent to work all day Men and women separated Common latrine From work to sleep Multiple people to a bunk Notice emaciation

9. Slave Labor (Contd.) Too weak = death Being sick = death Taking extra food = death Living too long = death Sometimes killed on a whim The ultimate Nazi goal = death Majority of prisoners died

10. Goal… Complete annihilation of the Jewish population Slave labor = byproduct of elimination Hitler diverted trains to transport Jews Lebensraum = living room Scapegoat the Jews They cause all problems for Germany Used propaganda and lies against Jews

11. Distinctive Features Compliance of Germany’s institutions Dominance of ideology Scale of genocide Medical experiments New methods of mass murder Zyklon-B 1942: 8,000 Jews gassed daily (Auschwitz)

12. Death Marches Between autumn 1944 and April 1945 Sent Jews further into the Reich Get rid of witnesses Maintain prisoners to produce armaments Use prisoners as bargaining chips Continued until last days of war

13. Resistance Large-scale resistance was difficult Government, economy, and industry were involved There were some resistance cases Many private Some public Even some inside the camps themselves

14. Resistance Example of public resistance Saved approx. 1,100 Jews Needed workers for his factory Opportunistic or moralistic? Only Nazi buried on Mount Zion Movie: “Schindler’s List”

15. Effectiveness Despite resistance, 6 million Jews killed Approx. 64% in Nazi controlled territories Nazi leaders claimed they “followed orders” Anti-Semitism was rampant in Germany Nuremburg Trials Held some Nazi leaders accountable

16. Picture Credits:(in order of appearance) billium12, “hitler1” April 11,2010 via Flikr, Creative Commons Attribution. Jeff Barnes, “Burning of a synagogue” December 22, 2005 via Flikr, Creative Commons Attribution onlinehero, “Inside the Wannassee Villa” August 12, 2008, Creative Commons Attribution. Rhys Alton, “Temple Beth Hatfiloh – Star of David” August 1, 2010, Creative Commons Attribution. dalbera, “Le Memorial aux juifsassassinesd’Europe (Berlin)” July 26, 2008, Creative Commons Attribution. garethmurran, “Map of Concentration Camps” June, 24, 2004, Creative Commons Attribution. gichristof, “Black Sabbath” April 2, 2009, Creative Commons Attribution. Pablo Nicolas TaibiCicare, “Auschwitz I (Oswiecim)” October 14, 2008, Creative Commons Attribution. Joe Goldberg, “Crematorium Oven” March 22, 2010, Creative Commons Attribution. Joe Goldberg, “Barracks” March 22, 2010, Creative Commons Attribution. Blatant News, “Jewish victims of the Nazi Holocaust during World War 2” October 15, 2009, Creative Commons Attribution. Ian Rutherford, “Oskar Schindler’s Factory” May 19, 2007, Creative Commons Attribution. _Nigel, “Schindler” January 19, 2009, Creative Commons Attribution. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. “Holocaust Encyclopedia.” Accessed 9/25/2010.